Petrochemical and petrophysical characterization of the lower crust and the Moho beneath the West African Craton, based on Xenoliths from Kimberlites

Additional evidence to the composition of the lower crust and uppermost mantle was presented in the form of xenolith data. Xenoliths from the 2.7-Ga West African Craton indicate that the Moho beneath this shield is a chemically and physically gradational boundary, with intercalations of garnet granulite and garnet eclogite. Inclusions in diamonds indicate a depleted upper mantle source, and zenolith barometry and thermometry data suggest a high mantle geotherm with a kink near the Moho. Metallic iron in the xenoliths indicates that the uppermost mantle has a significant magnetization, and that the depth to the Curie isotherm, which is usually considered to be at or above the Moho, may be deeper than the Moho

METAMOC: Modular Execution Time Analysis using Model Checking

Safe and tight worst-case execution times (WCETs) are important when scheduling hard real-time systems. This paper presents METAMOC, a path-based, modular method, based on model checking and static analysis, that determines safe and tight WCETs for programs running on platforms fea-turing caching and pipelining. The method works by constructing a UPPAAL model of the program being analysed and annotating the model with information from an inter-procedural value analysis. The program model is then combined with a model of the hardware platform, and model checked for the WCET. Through support for the platforms ARM7, ARM9 and ATMEL AVR 8-bit the modularity and retargetability of the method is demonstrated, as only the pipeline needs to be remodelled. Mod-elling the hardware is performed in a state-of-the-art graphical modeling environment. Experiments on the Mälardalen WCET benchmark programs show that taking caching into account yields much tighter WCETs, and that METAMOC is a fast and versatile approach for WCET analysis. 1

Multiplication and Composition in Weighted Modulation Spaces

We study the existence of the product of two weighted modulation spaces. For this purpose we discuss two different strategies. The more simple one allows transparent proofs in various situations. However, our second method allows a closer look onto associated norm inequalities under restrictions in the Fourier image. This will give us the opportunity to treat the boundedness of composition operators.Comment: 49 page

Grain boundary-induced variability of charge transport in hydrogenated polycrystalline graphene

Chemical functionalization has proven to be a promising means of tailoring the unique properties of graphene. For example, hydrogenation can yield a variety of interesting effects, including a metal-insulator transition or the formation of localized magnetic moments. Meanwhile, graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition is the most suitable for large-scale production, but the resulting material tends to be polycrystalline. Up to now there has been relatively little focus on how chemical functionalization, and hydrogenation in particular, impacts the properties of polycrystalline graphene. In this work, we use numerical simulations to study the electrical properties of hydrogenated polycrystalline graphene. We find a strong correlation between the spatial distribution of the hydrogen adsorbates and the charge transport properties. Charge transport is weakly sensitive to hydrogenation when adsorbates are confined to the grain boundaries, while a uniform distribution of hydrogen degrades the electronic mobility. This difference stems from the formation of the hydrogen-induced resonant impurity states, which are inhibited when the honeycomb symmetry is locally broken by the grain boundaries. These findings suggest a tunability of electrical transport of polycrystalline graphene through selective hydrogen functionalization, and also have implications for hydrogen-induced magnetization and spin lifetime of this material

Serum creatinine elevation after renin-angiotensin system blockade and long term cardiorenal risks: cohort study.

Objective To examine long term cardiorenal outcomes associated with increased concentrations of creatinine after the start of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker treatment.Design Population based cohort study using electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics.Setting UK primary care, 1997-2014.Participants Patients starting treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (n=122 363).Main outcome measures Poisson regression was used to compare rates of end stage renal disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death among patients with creatinine increases of 30% or more after starting treatment against those without such increases, and for each 10% increase in creatinine. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, calendar period, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, cardiovascular comorbidities, and use of other antihypertensive drugs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Results Among the 2078 (1.7%) patients with creatinine increases of 30% or more, a higher proportion were female, were elderly, had cardiorenal comorbidity, and used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, loop diuretics, or potassium sparing diuretics. Creatinine increases of 30% or more were associated with an increased adjusted incidence rate ratio for all outcomes, compared with increases of less than 30%: 3.43 (95% confidence interval 2.40 to 4.91) for end stage renal disease, 1.46 (1.16 to 1.84) for myocardial infarction, 1.37 (1.14 to 1.65) for heart failure, and 1.84 (1.65 to 2.05) for death. The detailed categorisation of increases in creatinine concentrations (<10%, 10-19%, 20-29%, 30-39%, and ≥40%) showed a graduated relation for all outcomes (all P values for trends <0.001). Notably, creatinine increases of less than 30% were also associated with increased incidence rate ratios for all outcomes, including death (1.15 (1.09 to 1.22) for increases of 10-19% and 1.35 (1.23 to 1.49) for increases of 20-29%, using <10% as reference). Results were consistent across calendar periods, across subgroups of patients, and among continuing users.Conclusions Increases in creatinine after the start of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker treatment were associated with adverse cardiorenal outcomes in a graduated relation, even below the guideline recommended threshold of a 30% increase for stopping treatment

Local well-posedness for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation in the intersection of modulation spaces Mp,qs(Rd)∩M∞,1(Rd)M_{p, q}^s(\mathbb{R}^d) \cap M_{\infty, 1}(\mathbb{R}^d)

We introduce a Littlewood-Paley characterization of modulation spaces and use it to give an alternative proof of the algebra property, somehow implicitly contained in Sugimoto (2011), of the intersection $M^s_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^d) \cap M_{\infty, 1}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ for $d \in \mathbb{N}$, $p, q \in [1, \infty]$ and $s \geq 0$. We employ this algebra property to show the local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation in the above intersection. This improves Theorem 1.1 by B\'enyi and Okoudjou (2009), where only the case $q = 1$ is considered, and closes a gap in the literature. If $q > 1$ and $s > d \left(1 - \frac{1}{q}\right)$ or if $q = 1$ and $s \geq 0$ then $M^s_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^d) \hookrightarrow M_{\infty, 1}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ and the above intersection is superfluous. For this case we also reobtain a H\"older-type inequality for modulation spaces.Comment: 14 page

Social isolation and all-cause mortality: a population-based cohort study in Denmark.

Social isolation is associated with increased mortality. Meta-analytic results, however, indicate heterogeneity in effect sizes. We aimed to provide new evidence to the association between social isolation and mortality by conducting a population-based cohort study. We reconstructed the Berkman and Syme's social network index (SNI), which combines four components of social networks (partnership, interaction with family/friends, religious activities, and membership in organizations/clubs) into an index, ranging from 0/1 (most socially isolated) to 4 (least socially isolated). We estimated cumulative mortality and adjusted mortality rate ratios (MRR) associated with SNI. We adjusted for potential important confounders, including psychiatric and somatic status, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status. Cumulative 7-year mortality in men was 11% for SNI 0/1 and 5.4% for SNI 4 and in women 9.6% for SNI 0/1 and 3.9% for SNI 4. Adjusted MRRs comparing SNI 0/1 with SNI 4 were 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1-2.6) among men and 1.6 (95% CI: 0.83-2.9) among women. Having no partner was associated with an adjusted MRR of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.2-2.1) for men and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2-2.4) for women. In conclusion, social isolation was associated with 60-70% increased mortality. Having no partner was associated with highest MRR

Berezin-Type Operators on the Cotangent Bundle of a Nilpotent Group

We define and study coherent states, a Berezin-Toeplitz quantization and covariant symbols on the product between a connected simply connected nilpotent Lie group and the dual of its Lie algebra. The starting point is a Weyl system codifying the natural Canonical Commutation Relations of the system. The formalism is meant to complement the quantization of the cotangent bundle by pseudo-differential operators, to which it is connected in an explicit way. Some extensions are indicated, concerning $\tau$-quantizations and variable magnetic fields.Comment: 21 page

Vibration-tolerant narrow-linewidth semiconductor disk laser using novel frequency-stabilisation schemes

This paper will present developments in narrow-linewidth semiconductor-disk-laser systems using novel frequency-stabilisation schemes for reduced sensitivity to mechanical vibrations, a critical requirement for mobile applications. Narrow-linewidth single-frequency lasers are required for a range of applications including metrology and high-resolution spectroscopy. Stabilisation of the laser was achieved using a monolithic fibre-optic ring resonator with free spectral range of 181 MHz and finesse of 52 to act as passive reference cavity for the laser. Such a cavity can operate over a broad wavelength range and is immune to a wide band of vibrational frequency noise due to its monolithic implementation. The frequency noise of the locked system has been measured and compared to typical Fabry-Perot-locked lasers using vibration equipment to simulate harsh environments, and analysed here. Locked linewidths of < 40 kHz have been achieved. These developments offer a portable, narrow-linewidth laser system for harsh environments that can be flexibly designed for a range of applications