Preserved cellular immunity in smoldering acute leukemia

&#34;Smoldering acute leukemia&#34;, a variant of acute myelogenous leukemia, has been recognized with frequent incidence in recent years. This is chracterized by benign clinical course, poor physical findings, leukopenia and mild anemia in the peripheral blood, and apparent infiltration of abnormal myeloblasts in the bone marrow. Immunological studies of the host defence mechanism were made, because the pathogenesis of its &#34;smoldering&#34; course has never been well understood. Nine cases, seen during last 2 years, were investigated for immunological profile, especially the cellular immunity. Purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test, i.e., tuberculin test, was found to be positive in 8 of 9 cases (88.9%). Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensitization test showed to be positive in 4 of 6 cases examined (66.9%). Peripheral lymphocyte balstogenesis by stimulating with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was evaluated using the smear counting method. The blastoid lymphocyte ratio was 55% at the median value (range: 31-68%), compared with 63% in normal young control (age: 25-32) and 41% in normal aged control (age: 60-75). In this report, the cellular immunity in smoldering acute leukemia was proved to be preserved at the normal level and to be more competent than that in aged group. The preserved cellular immunity is considered to explain the phenomenon of &#34;smoldering&#34;, in other words, the exacerbating proliferation of leukemic cells is suppressed by immuno-surveillance system.</p

Theoretical Response to the Discovery of Deeply Bound Pionic States in 208Pb(d,3He) reactions

Recently, deeply bound pionic states were found experimentally in (d, $^3$He) reactions on $^{208}$Pb. They found an isolated peak structure in the bound region below the pion production threshold. We study theoretically these excitation functions in (d, $^3$He) reactions on $^{208}$Pb at T$_d$=600 MeV. We found very good agreement with the (d, $^3$He) excitation functions and could identify the underlying structures of the pionic states. We study the energy dependence of the (d, $^3$He) reactions and the change of the excitation functions with the incident energy.Comment: 5 pages, Latex, Figures available on request, Z.Phys.A.accepte

Relativisitic mean field theory of surface pion condensation in finite nuclei

We study the possible occurrence of surface pion condensation in finite nuclei in the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory. We are led to this conjecture due to the essential role of pions in few-body systems and the recent (p,n) experiments performed at RCNP for spin-isospin excitations of medium and heavy nuclei. We calculate explicitly various N=Z closed shell nuclei with finite pion mean field in the RMF framework and demonstrate the actual occurrence of surface pion condensation.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Nuclear Quadrupole Effects in Deeply Bound Pionic Atoms

We have studied nuclear quadrupole deformation effects in deeply bound pionic atoms theoretically. We have evaluated the level shifts and widths of the hyperfine components using the first order perturbation theory and compared them with the effects of neutron skin. We conclude that the nuclear quadrupole deformation effects for deeply bound $1s$ and $2p$ states are very difficult to observe and that the effects could be observed for $3d$ states. We also conclude that the deformation effects are sensitive to the parameters of the pion-nucleus optical potential.Comment: Latex 11pages, Figures available on reques

CP-violation parameters from decay rates of B±→DK±B^\pm \to D K^\pm, D→D\to multibody final states

We describe a method for measuring CP-violation parameters from which the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle $\gamma$ may be extracted. The method makes use of the total decay rates in $B^\pm \to DK^\pm$ decays, where the neutral $D$ meson decays to multibody final states. We analyze the error of the method using experimental CP-violation analysis variables that enable straightforward sensitivity comparison with other methods for extracting $\gamma$, and discuss the use of $B$-factory and charm-factory data to obtain the relevant charm decay information needed for this measurement. Measurement sensitivities are estimated for the currently available $B$-factory data sample, and $D$ decay modes for which use of this method can make a significant contribution toward reducing the total error on $\gamma$ are identified.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.