Stochastic Thermodynamics Across Scales: Emergent Inter-attractoral Discrete Markov Jump Process and Its Underlying Continuous Diffusion

The consistency across scales of a recently developed mathematical thermodynamic structure, between a continuous stochastic nonlinear dynamical system (diffusion process with Langevin or Fokker-Planck equations) and its emergent discrete, inter-attractoral Markov jump process, is investigated. We analyze how the system's thermodynamic state functions, e.g. free energy $F$, entropy $S$, entropy production $e_p$, and free energy dissipation $\dot{F}$, etc., are related when the continuous system is describe with a coarse-grained discrete variable. We show that the thermodynamics derived from the underlying detailed continuous dynamics is exact in the Helmholtz free-energy representation. That is, the system thermodynamic structure is the same as if one only takes a middle-road and starts with the "natural" discrete description, with the corresponding transition rates empirically determined. By "natural", we mean in the thermodynamic limit of large systems in which there is an inherent separation of time scales between inter- and intra-attractoral dynamics. This result generalizes a fundamental idea from chemistry and the theory of Kramers by including thermodynamics: while a mechanical description of a molecule is in terms of continuous bond lengths and angles, chemical reactions are phenomenologically described by the Law of Mass Action with rate constants, and a stochastic thermodynamics.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figur

Impact of Demographic Features, Lifestyle, and Comorbidities on the Clinical Expression of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

No abstract

Application of a renormalization group algorithm to nonequilibrium cellular automata with one absorbing state

We improve a recently proposed dynamically driven renormalization group algorithm for cellular automata systems with one absorbing state, introducing spatial correlations in the expression for the transition probabilities. We implement the renormalization group scheme considering three different approximations which take into account correlations in the stationary probability distribution. The improved scheme is applied to a probabilistic cellular automaton already introduced in the literature.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Sudden Death and Left Ventricular Involvement in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart muscle disorder characterized by myocardial fibrofatty replacement and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Originally described as a right ventricular disease, ACM is increasingly recognized as a biventricular entity. We evaluated pathological, genetic, and clinical associations in a large SCD cohort. METHODS: We investigated 5205 consecutive cases of SCD referred to a national cardiac pathology center between 1994 and 2018. Hearts and tissue blocks were examined by expert cardiac pathologists. After comprehensive histological evaluation, 202 cases (4%) were diagnosed with ACM. Of these, 15 (7%) were diagnosed antemortem with dilated cardiomyopathy (n=8) or ACM (n=7). Previous symptoms, medical history, circumstances of death, and participation in competitive sport were recorded. Postmortem genetic testing was undertaken in 24 of 202 (12%). Rare genetic variants were classified according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria. RESULTS: Of 202 ACM decedents (35.4±13.2 years; 82% male), no previous cardiac symptoms were reported in 157 (78%). Forty-one decedents (41/202; 20%) had been participants in competitive sport. The adjusted odds of dying during physical exertion were higher in men than in women (odds ratio, 4.58; 95% CI, 1.54-13.68; P=0.006) and in competitive athletes in comparison with nonathletes (odds ratio, 16.62; 95% CI, 5.39-51.24; P<0.001). None of the decedents with an antemortem diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy fulfilled definite 2010 Task Force criteria. The macroscopic appearance of the heart was normal in 40 of 202 (20%) cases. There was left ventricular histopathologic involvement in 176 of 202 (87%). Isolated right ventricular disease was seen in 13%, isolated left ventricular disease in 17%, and biventricular involvement in 70%. Among whole hearts, the most common areas of fibrofatty infiltration were the left ventricular posterobasal (68%) and anterolateral walls (58%). Postmortem genetic testing yielded pathogenic variants in ACM-related genes in 6 of 24 (25%) decedents. CONCLUSIONS: SCD attributable to ACM affects men predominantly, most commonly occurring during exertion in athletic individuals in the absence of previous reported cardiac symptoms. Left ventricular involvement is observed in the vast majority of SCD cases diagnosed with ACM at autopsy. Current Task Force criteria may fail to diagnose biventricular ACM before death

J/ψ elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−−√=2.76 TeV

We report on the first measurement of inclusive J/ψ elliptic flow v2 in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. The measurement is performed with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76  TeV in the rapidity range 2.5&lt;y&lt;4.0. The dependence of the J/ψ v2 on the collision centrality and on the J/ψ transverse momentum is studied in the range 0≤pT&lt;10  GeV/c. For semicentral Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76  TeV, an indication of nonzero v2 is observed with a largest measured value of v2=0.116±0.046(stat)±0.029(syst) for J/ψ in the transverse momentum range 2≤pT&lt;4  GeV/c. The elliptic flow measurement complements the previously reported ALICE results on the inclusive J/ψ nuclear modification factor and favors the scenario of a significant fraction of J/ψ production from charm quarks in a deconfined partonic phase

Modelagem de funções no cálculo dos índices DRIS.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar o fator k e as funções DRIS para a diagnose foliar de mangueirascultivadas. Dez pomares comerciais, no estágio de produção, localizados no vale do Rio São Francisco, forammonitorados, mensalmente, durante dois anos, por meio da coleta de amostras foliares para determinação dosteores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Mn, Zn e Cu. Os dados foram testados quanto à normalidade e as relações entreas concentrações dos nutrientes foram usadas para calcular as normas DRIS, obtendo-se média, variância elimites máximo e mínimo de cada relação dentro da população amostrada. Os nutrientes foram classificadoscomo macronutrientes de resposta freqüente (MAF) (N, P e K), macronutrientes de resposta rara (MAR) (Ca eMg); micronutrientes de resposta freqüente (MIF) (B, Fe, Mn e Zn) e, micronutrientes de resposta rara (MIR)(Cu). Funções DRIS foram desenvolvidas para cada classe de nutrientes. O modelo desenvolvido expressa obalanço nutricional das plantas cultivadas ajustado a cada nutriente e reflete o comportamento biológico dasplantas como resultado da variação da disponibilidade dos nutrientes

Modelagem de funções no cálculo dos índices DRIS.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar o fator k e as funções DRIS para a diagnose foliar de mangueiras cultivadas. Dez pomares comerciais, no estágio de produção, localizados no vale do Rio São Francisco, foram monitorados, mensalmente, durante dois anos, por meio da coleta de amostras foliares para determinação dos teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Mn, Zn e Cu. Os dados foram testados quanto à normalidade e as relações entre as concentrações dos nutrientes foram usadas para calcular as normas DRIS, obtendo-se média, variância e limites máximo e mínimo de cada relação dentro da população amostrada. Os nutrientes foram classificados como macronutrientes de resposta freqüente (MAF) (N, P e K), macronutrientes de resposta rara (MAR) (Ca e Mg); micronutrientes de resposta freqüente (MIF) (B, Fe, Mn e Zn) e, micronutrientes de resposta rara (MIR) (Cu). Funções DRIS foram desenvolvidas para cada classe de nutrientes. O modelo desenvolvido expressa o balanço nutricional das plantas cultivadas ajustado a cada nutriente e reflete o comportamento biológico das plantas como resultado da variação da disponibilidade dos nutrientes

A comparative study of the dynamic critical behavior of the four-state Potts like models

We investigate the short-time critical dynamics of the Baxter-Wu (BW) and $n=3$ Turban (3TU) models to estimate their global persistence exponent $\theta _{g}$. We conclude that this new dynamical exponent can be useful in detecting differences between the critical behavior of these models which are very difficult to obtain in usual simulations. In addition, we estimate again the dynamical exponents of the four-state Potts (FSP) model in order to compare them with results previously obtained for the BW and 3TU models and to decide between two sets of estimates presented in the current literature. We also revisit the short-time dynamics of the 3TU model in order to check if, as already found for the FSP model, the anomalous dimension of the initial magnetization $x_{0}$ could be equal to zero