Demographic Diversity and Convergence in Europe, 1918-1990

The study investigates how Hungarian demographic development from the end of World War I to 1990 related to the changes that took place in Western Europe, and in which areas and in what periods can divergence or convergence be observed. The issues examined included fertility, mortality and nuptiality movements. Based on the analyses three main periods in 20th century Hungarian demographic development can be distinguished: from the beginning to the middle of the century, Hungary converged to the societies of Western Europe; approximately from the middle of the century to the mid-60s, the diminution of differences between Hungary and Western Europe halted on the whole, but the gap still did not begin to widen; in the third period, which lasted from the mid-60s to 1990, Hungary took a course diverging from Western Europe.comparison, convergence, demography, family history, Hungary, twentieth century, Western Europe

Katolička crkva u Madžarskoj

Die katholische Kirche Ungarn

Supersymmetry in quantum optics and in spin-orbit coupled systems

Light-matter interaction is naturally described by coupled bosonic and fermionic subsystems. This suggests that a certain Bose-Fermi duality is naturally present in the fundamental quantum mechanical description of photons interacting with atoms. We reveal submanifolds in parameter space of a basic light-matter interacting system where this duality is promoted to a supersymmetry (SUSY) which remains unbroken. We show that SUSY is robust with respect to decoherence and dissipation. In particular, a stationary density matrix at the supersymmetric lines in the parameter space has a degenerate subspace. A dimension of this subspace is given by the Witten index and thus topologically protected. As a consequence of this SUSY, dissipative dynamics at the supersymmetric lines is constrained by an additional conserved quantity which translates some part of information about an initial state into the stationary state subspace. We also demonstrate a robustness of this additional conserved quantity away from the supersymmetric lines. In addition, we demonstrate that the same SUSY structures are present in condensed matter systems with spin-orbit couplings of Rashba and Dresselhaus types, and therefore spin-orbit coupled systems at the SUSY lines should be robust with respect to various types of disorder and decoherences. Our findings suggest that optical and condensed matter systems at the SUSY points can be used for quantum information technology and can open an avenue for quantum simulation of the SUSY field theories.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure

Dynamically generated darkness in the Dicke model

We study the dynamics of a driven Dicke model, where the collective spin is rotated with a constant velocity around a fixed axis. The time evolution of the mean photon number and of the atomic inversion is calculated using, on the one hand, a numerical technique for the quantum dynamics of a small number of two-level atoms, on the other hand, time-dependent mean-field theory for the limit of a large number of atoms. We observe a reduction of the mean photon number as compared to its equilibrium value. This dynamically generated darkness is particularly pronounced slightly above the transition to a superradiant phase. We attribute the effect to a slowing down of the motion in the classical limit of a large ensemble and to an interplay of dynamic and geometric phases in the quantum case.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figure

An Archaeological Survey of Walker Ranch Park, Bexar County, Texas

The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an intensive surface survey and subsurface testing for cultural resources at the proposed Walker Ranch Park, in northwest San Antonio, Bexar County. Disturbances associated with the park are to include the construction of a parking lot, playground, pavilion, walking/jogging trail, ramps and traffic paths for wheelchair access to the park, and the installation of utility and drainage lines associated with these facilities. The project was carried out under contract with the city of San Antonio Parks and Recreation Department between December 1 and 4, 1997. The project consisted of three tasks: 1) the excavation of 10 backhoe trenches; 2) the excavation of 35 shovel tests, and 3) the intensive pedestrian survey of approximately 4.0 acres of the park. Buried cultural materials were encountered at a depth of 60-100 cm below surface (bs) in two backhoe trenches (BHTs 8 and 9) located along Panther Springs Creek. These remains are redeposited and have no potential for archaeological interpretations. Small numbers of chipped stone flakes were noted primarily in Level 3 (20-30 cm bs) in shovel tests excavated along the north-central and south-central portions of the exercise trail. Widely scattered individual chipped stone artifacts were observed throughout the park. In addition, two small concentrations of historic artifacts and a partially quarried limestone block were identified by the pedestrian survey. The material concentrations have a late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century date range. The partially quarried limestone block probably dates to the mid-nineteenth century. The thin surface scatter of prehistoric artifacts, the shallowly buried specimens, the two historic artifact concentrations, and the partially quarried limestone block are designated as the multicomponent site 41BX1271. CAR recommends that as long as subsurface disturbances are limited to the upper 20 cm in the north-central and south-central portions of the exercise trail, they will not impact potentially buried components. Deeper subsurface disturbances in other portions of site 41BX1271 at Walker Ranch Park will not adversely affect significant cultural resources

Enabling Adiabatic Passages Between Disjoint Regions in Parameter Space through Topological Transitions

We explore topological transitions in parameter space in order to enable adiabatic passages between regions adiabatically disconnected within a given parameter manifold. To this end, we study the Hamiltonian of two coupled qubits interacting with external magnetic fields, and make use of the analogy between the Berry curvature and magnetic fields in parameter space, with spectrum degeneracies associated to magnetic charges. Symmetry-breaking terms induce sharp topological transitions on these charge distributions, and we show how one can exploit this effect to bypass crossing degeneracies. We also investigate the curl of the Berry curvature, an interesting but as of yet not fully explored object, which together with its divergence uniquely defines this field. Finally, we suggest a simple method for measuring the Berry curvature, thereby showing how one can experimentally verify our results.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure