The effects of KSEA interaction on the ground-state properties of spin chains in a transverse field

The effects of symmetric helical interaction which is called the Kaplan, Shekhtman, Entin-Wohlman, and Aharony (KSEA) interaction on the ground-state properties of three kinds of spin chains in a transverse field have been studied by means of correlation functions and chiral order parameter. We find that the anisotropic transition of $XY$ chain in a transverse field ($XY$TF) disappears because of the KSEA interaction. For the other two chains, we find that the regions of gapless chiral phases in the parameter space induced by the DM or $XZY-YZX$ type of three-site interaction are decreased gradually with increase of the strength of KSEA interaction. When it is larger than the coefficient of DM or $XZY-YZX$ type of three-site interaction, the gapless chiral phases also disappear.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

What determines firms' credit to access in the absence of effective economic institutions: Evidence from China

The existing literature suggests that economic institutions determine the allocation of resources for economic growth. As an important counterexample, although China has one of the world's fastest-growing economies, its legal and financial systems are underdeveloped. With evidence from China, the author confirms that government intervention positively and causally determines firms' access to credit. He further provides evidence that government intervention enables firms' profit through facilitating access to credit. This evidence confirms that the mechanism of government intervention allows firms' access to credit and then enables the firms to obtain relatively large profit. Ultimately, this paper reveals that, in the absence of effective economic institutions, government intervention channels the allocation of capital

Some university students are more equal than others: Efficiency evidence from England

This paper estimates the efficiency of students in English universities using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and a new dataset which is able to capture the behaviour of university students. Two output variables are specified: the classification of a university degree, and student satisfaction. Three input variables are specified: teaching hours, private study and entry qualifications. The results reveal that university students differ in terms of the efficiency with which they use inputs in generating good degrees and satisfaction. Students in some post-92 universities may be more efficient than students in some pre-92 universities.Data Envelopment Analysis; Efficiency; Education Economics; Universities.

Galectin-12 in Cellular Differentiation, Apoptosis and Polarization.

Galectin-12 is a member of a family of mammalian lectins characterized by their affinity for β-galactosides and consensus amino acid sequences. The protein structure consists of a single polypeptide chain containing two carbohydrate-recognition domains joined by a linker region. Galectin-12 is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, but is also detected in macrophages and other leukocytes. Downregulation of galectin-12 in mouse 3T3-L1 cells impairs their differentiation into adipocytes. Conversely, overexpression of galectin-12 in vitro induces cell cycle arrest in G1 and apoptosis. Upregulation of galectin-12 and initiation of G1 cell cycle arrest are associated with driving pre-adipocytes toward terminal differentiation. Galectin-12 deficiency increases insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in obese animals. Galectin-12 inhibits macrophage polarization to the M2 population, enhancing inflammation and decreasing insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. Galectin-12 also affects myeloid differentiation, which is associated with chemotherapy resistance. In addition to highlighting the above-mentioned aspects, this review also discusses the potential clinical applications of modulating the function of galectin-12

Mott-Hubbard transition in infinite dimensions

We analyze the unanalytical structure of metal-insulator transition (MIT) in infinite dimensions. By introducing a simple transformation into the dynamical mean-field equation of Hubbard model, a multiple-valued structure in Green's function and other thermodynamical quantities with respect to the interaction strength $U$ are found at low temperatures. A unified description of stable, metastable and unstable phases is obtained in the regime $U_{c1}(T)<U<U_{c2}(T)$, and the Maxwell construction is performed to evaluate the MIT line $U^{\ast}(T)$. We show how the first-order MIT at $U^{\ast}(T)$ for $T>0$ evolves into second-order one at $U_{c2}(0)$ for $T=0$. The phase diagram near MIT is presented.Comment: 5 pages with 3 figures, text and figures revise

Crossing w=−1w=-1 by a single scalar field coupling with matter and the observational constraints

Motivated by Yang-Mills dark energy model, we propose a new model by introducing a logarithmic correction. we find that this model can avoid the coincidence problem naturally and gives an equation of state $w$ smoothly crossing -1 if an interaction between dark energy and dark matter exists. It has a stable tracker solution as well. To confront with observations based on the combined data of SNIa, BAO, CMB and Hubble parameter, we obtain the best fit values of the parameters with $1\sigma, 2\sigma, 3\sigma$ errors for the noncoupled model: $\Omega_m=0.276\pm0.008^{+0.016+0.024}_{-0.015-0.022}$, $h=0.699\pm0.003\pm0.006\pm0.008$, and for the coupled model with a decaying rate $\gamma=0.2$: $\Omega_m=0.291\pm0.004^{+0.008+0.012}_{-0.007-0.011}$, $h=0.701\pm0.002\pm0.005\pm0.007$. In particular, it is found that the non-coupled model has a dynamic evolution almost undistinguishable to $\Lambda$CDM at the late-time Universe.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, the published versio