The State Theatres in Turkey: Analyses on Valuation and the Management Model

Even though accessibility of culture, preservation and promotion of arts are treated mainly as the responsibility of the State in Turkey, the government’s approach was influenced by the global neoliberal currents and eventually directed towards a market-oriented approach, moving the position of the State from ‘the initiator’ towards ‘the regulator’ side over the last decades. Within this context, the State Theatres and the Istanbul City Municipal Theatre (ICMT), which are among the deep-rooted, oldest public arts institutions, have recently become the target of some regulatory changes in the government's agenda. The regulation changes in ICMT comprising the transfer of the management from actors to municipality officers, including such duties as the selection of plays, casting actors, and hiring technical staff, were put in action on 12 April 2012. Concurrently, the Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s statement in favor of privatization of the State Theatres received reactions from the public. The main argument of the public opposition was that the freedom of state-supported art would be heavily damaged with the enactment of the new regulations. State support, it was maintained, is of crucial importance for arts production in a developing country such as Turkey. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute those debates with the examination of efficacy of the State Theatres in Turkey. Besides, valuation of the State Theatres by the public will be discussed through the results of a public opinion survey on a test group. Following the analysis, recommendations for development of a more suitable management model for state-supported theatres in Turkey will be provided

Forbidden Vibrational Transitions in Cold Molecular Ions: Experimental Observation and Potential Applications

A range of interesting fundamental scientific questions can be addressed by high-precision molecular spectroscopy. A promising way towards this goal is the measurement of dipole-forbidden vibrational transitions in molecular ions. We have recently reported the first such observation in a molecular ion. Here, we give an overview of our method and our results as well as an outlook on potential future applications

Respon Eksplan Biji Gaharu (Aquilaria Malaccensis Lamk.) Terhadap Pemberian 2,4-D Secara in Vitro (Effect of Plant Growth Regulator 2,4-D on Seed Explant a. Malaccensis in Vitro )

ITONAMY BORU TONGA. Effect of Plant Growth Regulator 2,4-D on Seed Explant A. malaccensis in vitro. Guided by Dr. Ir.Edy Batara Muyla Siregar Ms. And Nelly Anna S. Hut. Msi. Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. is one of the tree forest that are continuosly exploited. Currently, the Indonesian export of the agarwood was decreasing because its population was endangered by excessive logging. Agarwood propagation need technology for reproduction of agarwood multiplication. Research was undertaken to determine effect of plant growth regulator 2,4-D on seed explant A. malaccensisi in vitro has been performed. This research had purpose to determine response of seed explant of gaharu by giving different cosentration 2,4-D and to measure growth and developtment result of seed explant of gaharu. This research used a complete Randomized Non Factorial Design with using MS as basic media by added 2 ppm of BAP. The treatment consisted of 2,4-D 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm and 8 ppm. Observation made explants fourty two days after planting. The parameter observed were the emergence of callus, callus color and texture of the callus. The result showed that callus was obtained as response of A. malaccensis seed explant with 2,4 D and BAP. The concentration 2,4-D 2 ppm showed the best result for the emergence of callus. Callus color is dominate by white and a bit yellow or scoring 4, and the callus texture is dominate by compact callus and compact with node

Modulating the catalytic activity of enzyme-like nanoparticles through their surface functionalization

The inclusion of transition metal catalysts into nanoparticle scaffolds permits the creation of catalytic nanosystems (nanozymes) able to imitate the behaviour of natural enzymes. Here we report the fabrication of a family of nanozymes comprised of bioorthogonal ruthenium catalysts inserted in the protective monolayer of gold nanoparticles. By introducing simple modifications to the functional groups at the surface of the nanozymes, we have demonstrated control over the kinetic mechanism of our system. Cationic nanozymes with hydrophobic surface functionalities tend to replicate the classical Michaelis Menten model, while those with polar groups display substrate inhibition behaviour, a key mechanism present in 20% of natural enzymes. The structural parameters described herein can be used for creating artificial nanosystems that mimic the complexity observed in cell machinery. © 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry

The Study on Farmers Welfare

The agricultural targets in Indonesia, particularly in Bali, cover farmers\u27 welfare improvement, which is aimed to protect farmers from poverty. Some factors that may lead farmers into poverty namely: (1) The low level of technology applied; (2) The small scale of business; (3) The inefficiency of marketing system; and (4) The status of farmers who are mostly peasants. The first two factors result in a small harvest, the third factor causes farmers for receiving low prices, moreover, the fourth factor put the farmers can not make a decision but merely receiving wages. This study aims to investigate the welfare level of farmers in Denpasar based on the grade of Farmer\u27s Term of Trade Indices, which is analyzed according to three criteria, namely farmers who own their own lands, farmers who are both peasants and owning their own lands, and farmers who are merely peasants; to investigate farmers\u27 families efforts; to investigate the scale of business and the farm ownership status of farmers in Denpasar. The results of the study showed that the Farmer\u27s Term of Trade Indices in Denpasar is evenly 104.40%, which was included farmers who own their own lands, farmers who are both peasants and owning their own lands and farmers who are mere peasants. Since the Farmer\u27s Term of Trade Indices in Denpasar was found to be higher than 100.00%, it indicated that farmers in Denpasar have been able to cover their expenses through their revenues, even the revenues might be higher than the expenses