Feedback type as a moderator of the relationship between achievement goals and feedback reactions

The aim of the current study is to shed new light on the inconsistent relationship between performance-approach (PAp) goals and feedback reactions by examining feedback type as a moderator. Results of a field experiment (N = 939) using a web-based work simulation task showed that the effect of achievement-approach goals was moderated by feedback type. Relative to individuals pursuing mastery-approach goals, individuals pursuing PAp goals responded more negatively to comparative feedback but not to task-referenced feedback. In line with the hypothesized mediated moderation model, the interaction between achievement goals and feedback type also indirectly affected task performance through feedback reactions. Providing employees with feedback is a key psychological principle used in a wide range of human resource and performance management instruments (e.g., developmental assessment centres, multi-source/360 degrees feedback, training, selection, performance appraisal, management education, computer-adaptive testing, and coaching). The current study suggests that organizations need to strike a balance between encouraging learning and encouraging performance, as too much emphasis on comparative performance (both in goal inducement and in feedback style) may be detrimental to employees' reactions and rate of performance improvement

A finer grained approach to psychological capital and work performance

Purpose Psychological capital is a set of personal resources comprised by hope, efficacy, optimism, and resilience, which previous research has supported as being valuable for general work performance. However, in today’s organizations, a multidimensional approach is required to understanding work performance, thus, we aimed to determine whether psychological capital improves proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity, and also whether hope, efficiency, resilience, and optimism have a differential contribution to the same outcomes. Analyzing the temporal meaning of each psychological capital dimension, this paper theorizes the relative weights of psychological capital dimensions on proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity, proposing also that higher relative weight dimensions are helpful to cope with job demands and perform well. Methodology Two survey studies, the first based on cross-sectional data and the second on two waves of data, were conducted with employees from diverse organizations, who provided measures of their psychological capital, work performance, and job demands. Data was modeled with regression analysis together with relative weights analysis. Findings Relative weights for dimensions of psychological capital were supported as having remarkable unique contributions for proficient, adaptive, and proactive behavior, particularly when job demands were high. Originality/Value We concluded that organizations facing high job demands should implement actions to enhance psychological capital dimensions; however, those actions should focus on the specific criterion of performance of interest

Moderation in management research: What, why, when and how.

Many theories in management, psychology, and other disciplines rely on moderating variables: those which affect the strength or nature of the relationship between two other variables. Despite the near-ubiquitous nature of such effects, the methods for testing and interpreting them are not always well understood. This article introduces the concept of moderation and describes how moderator effects are tested and interpreted for a series of model types, beginning with straightforward two-way interactions with Normal outcomes, moving to three-way and curvilinear interactions, and then to models with non-Normal outcomes including binary logistic regression and Poisson regression. In particular, methods of interpreting and probing these latter model types, such as simple slope analysis and slope difference tests, are described. It then gives answers to twelve frequently asked questions about testing and interpreting moderator effects

Enhancing feedback and improving feedback: subjective perceptions, psychological consequences and behavioral outcomes

Three experiments examined subjective perceptions, psychological consequences, and behavioral outcomes of enhancing versus improving feedback. Across experiments, feedback delivery and assessment were sequential (i.e., at each testing juncture) or cumulative (i.e., at the end of the testing session). Although enhancing feedback was seen as more satisfying than useful, and improving feedback was not seen as more useful than satisfying, perceptions differed as a function of short-term versus long-term feedback delivery and assessment. Overall, however, enhancing feedback was more impactful psychologically and behaviorally. Enhancing feedback engendered greater success consistency, overall satisfaction and usefulness, optimism, state self-esteem, perceived ability, and test persistence intentions; improving feedback, on the other hand, engendered greater state improvement. The findings provide the fodder for theory development and applications

Airborne pollen in Alpine sites

Airborne pollen is usually monitored at urban centers, where most people live, to provide information on types and amount of allergenic pollen. Thus, very few aerobiological data are available for remote, mountainous sites. This study aims to characterize the biological quality of the air in an alpine valley in Trentino (North Italy), a region highly interested by the presence of tourists (e.g., 9.3 million overnight stays registered during June - September 2021). Materials and Methods An aerobiological study was carried out during late spring and summer in 2020 and 2021 in Val di Rabbi, an alpine valley located in the Trentino sector of Stelvio National Park. Gravitational Sigma2 samplers were selected for the survey, for their reliability and efficiency (VDI_2119 2013) and easy handling at remote sites (Gottardini et al. 2021), and installed at 2 m above ground level in 5 sites located at altitudes ranging from 700 to 2000 m a.s.l. Sampling surfaces, treated with an adhesive medium, were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM; 400×; Leitz Diaplan) for pollen identification and count (weekly samples); the average daily sedimentation rate (P cm–2 d–1 ) was calculated for the June-August period. In 2021, an active Hirst-type sampler was concurrently installed in one of the five sites (daily samples). Samples were processed and analyzed following conventional techniques and standardized protocols (UNI EN 16868:2019). Results and Discussion In the two study periods, the number of identified pollen taxa ranged from 25 at the highest elevation site (2000 m a.s.l.) to 39 at the lowest elevation (700 m a.s.l.). The proportion of arboreal pollen slightly decreased with the altitude, from 51% to 42%. The three most abundant pollen taxa were pine (Pinus), grasses (Poaceae) and neetle (Urticaceae), even if in different proportion at each site. The only grass and nettle allergenic pollen represented on average the 52% of the total pollen. The pollen season peak for grasses showed a delay of about 4 days every 100 m of elevation (Figure 1). 47 pollen taxa were identified, by active sampling, 10 more than by the passive one. The most abundant pollen taxa detected by active sampling were pine, grasses, and nettle, as for passive sampling, with the last two representing even the 71% of the total. The pollen season peak for grasses was on 22nd June, coherently with the passive sampling results at the same site. Conclusions Our mountain aerobiological study reveals the presence of allergenic pollen even at high altitude, with noteworthy shifts in the pollen season. The surveyed data can be further exploited for studying the plant biodiversity in remote areas, as well as to provide useful information for allergic tourist and hikers. Moreover, passive sampling proved to be a feasible solution for aerobiological studies in remote or orographically complex areas, typically excluded in routine air quality monitoring. References Gottardini et al. (2021). AAQR, Vol. 21, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210010 VDI_2119 (2013). Ambient air measurements. Sampling of atmospheric particles > 2.5 μm on an acceptor surface using the Sigma-2 passive sampler. Characterization by optical microscopy and calculation of number settling rate and mass concentration. ICS: 13.040.01. Beuth Verlag, Berlin. Germany. Acknowledgements The study was partially financed by Provincia Autonoma di Trento (IT). We are grateful to Mattia Precazzini and Gabriele Canella for the support in field work, and to Maria Cristina Viola for the microscope pollen analysis

Análise do desenvolvimento das raízes da espécie Inga vera Willd. Subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. Pennington implatadas sob diferentes tratamentos no rejeito formado pelo rompimento da barragem de fundão

Orientador: Prof. Alessandro Camargo ÂngeloCoorientadora: Profa. Karen Koch Fernandeds SouzaTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Curso de Especialização MBA em Gestão AmbientalInclui referênciasResumo: O rompimento da Barragem de Fundão em Mariana, MG afetou 1.469,16 ha de margem de rio pertencentes a Bacia do rio Doce. A onda de rejeito trouxe uma mistura de areia, silte, argila e restos orgânicos com natureza mineralógica única formando os tecnossolos, sendo uma das suas principais características a compactação, tornando-o limitante para o desenvolvimento das raízes. Além disso, o avanço do gado nas margens atingidas é frequente e sabe-se que herbívoros de grande porte têm grandes impactos na vegetação. Nesse contexto, as novas condições edáficas impostas pela deposição do rejeito e a herbivoria podem ser impeditivas para o processo de restauração ecológica nas margens dos rios. Assim, esse estudo objetivou-se analisar a adaptação das raízes da espécie Inga vera no rejeito implantadas sob o procedimento de subsolagem e herbivoria, além do controle na formação das raízes e no desenvolvimento das plantas nas áreas impactadas. Cinco indivíduos de cada tratamento foram coletados na região de Barra Longa - MG e analisados VTR, ATR, DMR, BR, BPA, RPAR, CTR e R. Observou-se que os indivíduos implantados sob o processo de subsolagem tiveram maior desenvolvimento de VTR, ATR, BR e BPA e os indivíduos sob o processo de herbivoria tiveram menor desenvolvimento de DMR e R, entretanto não houve diferença significativa no CTR e RPA. Logo, pode-se concluir que mesmo com o uso da subsolagem a compactação do solo não permitiu que as plantas se desenvolvessem em profundidade e que a herbivoria mostrou ser muito prejudicial para os indivíduos analisadosAbstract: The rupture of the Fundão Dam in Mariana, MG affected 1,469.16 ha of riverbank belonging to the Doce River Basin. The tailings wave brought a mixture of sand, silt, clay and organic remains with a unique mineralogical nature forming the technosols, one of its main characteristics being compaction, making it limiting for the development of roots. In addition, the advance of cattle on the affected banks is frequent and it is known that large herbivores have great impacts on vegetation. In this context, the new edaphic conditions imposed by the deposition of tailings and herbivory can be impediments to the process of ecological restoration on the banks of the rivers. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the adaptation of the roots of the species Inga vera in the tailings implanted under the subsoiling and herbivory procedure, in addition to the control of root formation and plant development in the impacted áreas. Five individuals of each treatment were collected in the region of Barra Longa - MG and analyzed VTR, ATR, DMR, BR, BPA, RPAR, CTR and R. It was observed that the individuals implanted under the subsoiling process had greater development of VTR, ATR, BR and BPA and the individuals under the herbivory process had lower development of DMR and R, however there was no significant difference in CTR and RPA. Therefore, it can be concluded that even with the use of subsoiling, soil compaction did not allow the plants to develop in depth and that herbivory proved to be very harmful to the individuals analyze

In berry distribution and extraction of thiol precursors in Gew\ufcrztraminer.

The so-called varietal thiols are an interesting technological class of compounds that contributes to the "tropical" notes of wine. The factors governing the formation of their precursors and the conversion to the corresponding free forms are still discussed (Thibon et al. 2016) but, technologically speaking, the precursor availability is a prerequisite. Several data are present in the literature regarding Sauvignon Blanc (SB), while fewer deal with Gew\ufcrztraminer (GWT; Dubordieu and Tominaga 2009; Roland 2010a & b; Concejero et al., 2014), a variety native to Tramin, in South-Tyrol (Italy). For this reason, we investigated the concentration of 3-S-glutathionylhexan-1-ol (GSH-3MH) and 3-S-cysteinylhexan-1-ol (Cys-3MH) in GWT as regards: (1) the distribution between marks and juice in samples processed at a semi-industrial scale, in comparison with SB samples having similar \ub0Brix and pressing yield; (2) the effect of pre-fermentation skin-contact protocols, also used along with commercial enzymes to favour extractions from skin; (3) the fractioning during pressing on industrial-scale. Thiol precursors were analysed according to Larcher et al. (2013). GWT skins are characterised by a higher content in precursors compared to SB\u2019s at the same pressing yield, while this difference is turned upside down in juice. Pre-fermentation skin-contact significantly increased thiol precursors' concentration while the impact of the enzymes was not significant. Around 30% of total precursors are contained in the pressing fraction corresponding to the final 5% of the juice

Educação na política pública de inclusão digital: programa telecentro - município de Porto Alegre

This study analyzed the role of education in the e-inclusion area at the Lupicinio Rodrigues Telecentre, which was promoted by the E-inclusion Municipal Public Policy, in Porto Alegre. The research, after investigating the aspects, which organize and concern to the referred public policy, the profile of the youngster who attends the Lupicinio Rodrigues Telecentre, the conception of education and the educational practices implemented at this telecentre, the social inclusion and the social transformation in the light of the e-inclusion, proposed some actions for the continuation of this policy. The Case Study approach was applied to this research. It was based on two complementary analytical strategies: quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The techniques used were: document retrieval, direct investigation, interview and application forms and bibliographic research. 50 application forms and 9 interviews were administered to the youngsters who attend the Lupicinio Rodrigues Telecentre. Furthermore, three managers of the Telecentre Program, two professors and a monitor were interviewed. The data analysis was carried out based on the principles of the Content Analysis technique. The study favored the construction of knowledge upon three dimensions of the e-inclusion public policy: the policy outline and its structural and tangential factors, the administrative and financial management and educational management. It was also possible to draw a profile of the youngster, who goes regularly to the Lupicinio Rodrigues Telecentre and to present some information about his socioeconomic aspects. As a result of the work, some difficulties endured by the people who interact at the Lupicinio Rodrigues Telecentre were highlighted: the importance of the edigital public policy as an instrument to prevent violence and criminality and the role of education in the e-inclusion public policy. Some proposals recommended at the end of the work were: to reinforce the dialectic process between the coordinators of the Telecentre Program, to create alternatives that aim to minimize the financial difficulties and to form a partnership with institutions that are able to add some value to the education adopted at the Lupicinio Rodrigues Telecentre.Este estudo analisou o papel da educação no espaço de inclusão digital, Telecentro Lupicinio Rodrigues, promovido pela Política Pública Municipal de Inclusão Digital, em Porto Alegre. A pesquisa, ao investigar os aspectos que tangenciam e estruturam a referida política pública, o perfil do jovem que freqüenta o Telecentro Lupicinio Rodrigues, a concepção de educação e as práticas educativas realizadas nesse telecentro, a inclusão social e as transformações sociais à luz da inclusão digital, propôs ações almejando a continuidade dessa política. A abordagem adotada nessa pesquisa foi a de Estudo de Caso baseada em duas estratégias analíticas complementares: análise quantitativa e análise qualitativa. As técnicas utilizadas foram: pesquisa documental, observação direta, entrevista e aplicação de questionários e pesquisa bibliográfica. Foram aplicados 50 questionários e nove entrevistas com jovens que freqüentam o Telecentro Lupicinio Rodrigues. Além disso, ocorreram entrevistas com três gestores do Programa Telecentro e dois docentes e um monitor que atuam no referido telecentro. A análise dos dados foi realizada à luz dos princípios da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. O estudo oportunizou a construção de conhecimento sobre três dimensões da política pública de inclusão digital: a conformação da política e seus fatores estruturantes e tangenciais, a gestão administrativa e financeira e a gestão da educação. Também foi possível delinear um perfil do jovem que freqüenta o Telecentro Lupicinio Rodrigues, apresentando informações quanto a seus aspectos socioeconômicos. Como resultado do trabalho foram evidenciadas, as dificuldades vividas pelos atores que interagem com o Telecentro Lupicinio Rodrigues, a importância da política pública de inclusão digital enquanto uma ação estratégica do Estado visando prevenir a violência e a criminalidade, o papel da educação na política de inclusão digital. Reforçar o processo dialético entre os coordenadores do Programa Telecentro, criar alternativas que visam minimizar as dificuldades financeiras, construir parcerias com instituições que possam agregar valor à educação adotada no Telecentro Lupicinio Rodrigues, foram algumas das propostas encaminhadas ao final do trabalho