Essentially Grounded Non-Naturalism and Normative Supervenience

Non-naturalism – roughly the view that normative properties and facts are sui generis and incompatible with a purely scientific worldview – faces a difficult challenge with regard to explaining why it is that the normative features of things supervene on their natural features. More specifically: non-naturalists have trouble explaining the necessitation relations, whatever they are, that hold between the natural and the normative. My focus is on Stephanie Leary's recent response to the challenge, which offers an attempted non-naturalism-friendly explanation for the supervenience of the normative on the natural by appealing to hybrid properties, the essences of which link them to both natural and sui generis normative properties in suitable ways. I argue that despite its ingenuity, Leary's solution fails. This is so, I claim, because there are no hybrid properties of the sort that her suggestion appeals to. If non-naturalists are to deal with the supervenience challenge, they will have to find another way of doing so

Osaprojektin johtaminen autoteollisuudessa

Tämän opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on luoda kokonaiskuva projektinjohtamisesta autoteollisuudessa ja toimia apuna vastaavissa tehtävissä toimiville. Työn oppeja voidaan soveltaa myös muissa projektityyppisissä tehtävissä eri toimialoilla. Tämä saavutetaan kuvaamalla modernin autotehtaan muutosprosessia, jossa valmistaudutaan kokonaan uuden automallin tuotantoon. Tuotantoon tuleva uusi automalli on Daimlerin Mercedes-Benz W177 korimallin A-sarjan henkilöauto ja se tulee valmistumaan rinnakkain jo aiemmin valmistetun automallin, X253 korimallin GLC:n, kanssa samalla tuotantolinjalla. Tämän työn projektin aiheena on auton katon äänieristepahvien liimaus- ja kiinnitysprosessin automatisointi robotilla. Opinnäytetyö jakaantuu seuraavasti. Ensin työssä käydään läpi teoriaa projektinjohtamisen perusteista. Sen jälkeen siirrytään autoteollisuuden historiaa käsittelevään osioon, sekä Valmet Automotiven yritysesittelyyn. Tämän jälkeen esitellään Uudenkaupungin autotehtaan kokoonpanolinjaa, josta siirrytään itse projektin kuvaukseen. Projektista käydään läpi sen alkutilanne, projektin eteneminen ja sen haasteet, sekä projektin johtaminen päätökseen. Pääpainopisteenä oleva projektinaikainen johtaminen on aiheena laaja. Tämän takia sitä edeltävät ja sen jälkeiset vaiheet käydään läpi kevyemmin.The aim of this Bachelor’s Thesis is to create an overview of project management within the automotive industry and to provide assistance for people acting in similar tasks. The studies of this thesis can be implemented in various project-type tasks in different industries. This is achieved by illustrating the change process within a modern car factory which is preparing to start the production of a completely new car model. This new car model, the Daimler’s new W177-body A-model, will be manufactured side to side with another model, the X253 GLC. This X253 model is already in production on the same production line where the W177 will join it. The subject of the project described in this thesis is the automation of a roof insulation and reinforcement cardboard gluing and assembly process by robot. The thesis is structured as follows. First the thesis will go through theory about basics of project management. Next section is handling the history of automotive industry and the company overview of Valmet Automotive. From there the thesis will introduce the assembly line of Uusikaupunki car factory. Last section to be handled is the project itself. The topics that will be dealt with are the situation at the beginning of the project, the progress of the project and its’ difficulties as well as taking the project to a conclusion. The topic of main focus, the project leadership during the project, is broad as a topic. For this reason the preceding and following parts will be handled in less detail

Hinnanmuodostus Suomen raakapuumarkkinoilla – täydellistä vai epätäydellistä kilpailua?

Tieteen tor

Maanrakennushankkeen jälkilaskenta

Tämän opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on selvittää kahden maanrakennushankkeen jälkilaskenta. Yrityksessä jälkilaskenta on jäänyt pidemmän aikaa tekemättä, joten asiaan haluttiin paneutua tarkemmin. Tutkimustyön tarkoituksena on tarkastella hankkeiden kustannuslaskelman ja jälkilaskennan kustannusten eroja ja syitä sekä siirtää jälkilaskentatieto tarjouslaskennan käyttöön. Jälkilaskentatiedon huolellisella keräämisellä hankkeiden kustannusten seuraaminen ja tilastoiminen on vaivatonta. Jälkilaskentatiedolla yrityksen kustannuslaskijoiden kustannustietous saadaan pidettyä ajan tasalla. Tutkimustyön jälkilaskentatieto on kerätty työmaiden kustannuksista, työmaapäiväkirjojen merkinnöistä sekä työmaanhenkilöstön haastattelujen perusteella. Tutkimustyössä ilmeni yrityksen valmistuneiden hankkeiden jälkilaskentatietojen olevan puutteellisia. Viitekohteiden jälkilaskentatietojen ja niiden syiden perusteella molemmissa kohteissa oli yksi työvaihe, mikä vaikutti suuresti työmaan etenemiseen sekä talouteen.The aim of this thesis was to investigate the post-processing of two building pro-jects. The company’s calculations of the actual costs had been left undone for a longer time period so the company wanted them finished. The purpose of the investigation was to examine the estimated cost of the project, post-processing costs, as well as their differences and the reasons that causes these differences. When the final costs are known information are given to the offer calculation department. The proper gathering of the post-processing information about the project makes it easy to follow and compile the project statistics. With the help of the post-processing information, the information of the costs will stay up to date. The post-processing information of the investigation is based from site staff’s field interviews and collected data about site costs and log notes. During the investigation, it appeared that the company’s post-processing information of the completed projects were incomplete. According to the post-processing information of the targeted projects, there was one stage in both of the projects, which had a great impact on the site’s progress and economy

A System for Short Term Forecasting of the Finnish Forest Sector (MESU): The Case of Sawnwood Imports and Sawlog Demand.

64 pp. + appendice

The challenges and opportunities of the European Union leadmarket initiative:case bio-based products

The role of innovations as an engine for European competitiveness is largely accepted as a part of the EU Lisbon strategy, and the Lead Market Initiative (LMI) has been seen as an innovative platform for advancing the knowledge-based bio-economy in Europe. Our research questions are; first, what are the main challenges and opportunities of the LMI on bio-based products in comparison to other EU initiatives such as JTIs and CIP? Second, does the LMI address those challenges adequately, and what areas of improvement can be identified? Methodologically, we use a qualitative case study approach with data from both documentary sources and in-depth elite interviews. Based on our results, the strong demand-side characteristics of LMI, such as public procurement, standardization and legislation, can accelerate the time-to-market in case of the bio-based products and services. However, the speed of diffusion is dependent on overcoming the problems of the critical-mass market creation and fragmented supply-side of bio-based industry. Ensuring coherence and coordination of activities between policy-makers in the Member states, EU Commission services, businesses and other stakeholders is also crucial to the success of LMI for bio-based products

Monetary valuation of forest ecosystem services in China : A literature review and identification of future research needs

We propose a review of empirical studies dealing with the monetary valuation of forest ecosystem services in China. The analysis focuses on: assessing methodological differences between studies; highlighting the variation of monetary values across different ecosystem service types; and identifying and discussing future research needs. Based on a systematic search, our data set consists of 12 studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English, dealing with 72 forest ecosystem services. Our results suggest that domestic literature is affected by elusive categorization of ecosystem services and methodological inconsistencies. The wide variation in monetary values of Chinese forest ecosystem services, a phenomenon also observed in global level reviews, can be partially explained by the methodological heterogeneity of the studies. Future research could benefit from a strengthened and more standardized methodological approach, drawing from relevant methods and indicators employed in the reviewed domestic articles, as well as from insights and solutions proposed in the international empirical and conceptual literature. The exceptional forest restoration policy landscape coupled with the increasing establishment of commercial plantations offer important research opportunities for monetary valuation in China. Efforts should be directed towards assessing marginal values of ecosystem services in land-use changes over time, and benefit flows among different stakeholders.Peer reviewe

Linking forest ecosystem services to corporate sustainability disclosure: A conceptual analysis

Despite the increasing awareness of corporate dependencies and impacts on ecosystems, and related business risks and opportunities, scientific and corporate-based information on these issues is lacking. In our paper we (1) summarise results of a literature review of the impacts and dependencies of plantation-based forestry on ecosystem services; (2) identify the existing and missing links between the corporate sustainability indicators and the ecosystem services framework; and (3) propose a set of possible ecosystem services indicators for corporate sustainability reporting. We particularly focus on the catalytic role of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) indicators framework for integrating the ecosystem services approach into corporate sustainability reporting. Finally, we discuss how an ecosystem services approach could benefit future sustainability reporting practices in the context of the forest sector, especially in relation to existing gaps and challenges.Peer reviewe

Effects of industrial plantations on ecosystem services and livelihoods : Perspectives of rural communities in China

This paper addresses the current research void on local community views of changes in ecosystem services associated with rapid land use transformation in the context of plantation-based forestry. This interview-based study, conducted in southern China, aims at assessing the perspectives of local communities of: 1) the effects of Eucalyptus industrial plantations on selected ecosystem services and on local development; and 2) opportunities for future community livelihood development, based on the relations with the government and with forest industry operating locally. We analysed data from semi-structured interviews with 70 villagers for their views on changes in ecosystem services after the establishment of plantations, and their future expectations on the local livelihood development. Most interviewees mentioned some negative development on environmental quality after the establishment of the industrial plantations, especially on soil and water. Furthermore, the reduced productivity of cropland surrounding industrial plantations, coupled with other financial drivers, induced several villagers to switch from agricultural crops to household plantations. In the absence of destructive typhoons, household plantations can provide owners more free time, higher income, while industrial plantations provided some employment opportunities. Interviewees' expectations for the future included receiving financial support and capacity building for household plantations and crops, support to local roads and schools, and higher employment opportunities. Some interviewees suggested that solutions should be implemented for improving degraded water quality, while others suggested reducing forestry operations. Even though being highly context-specific, our findings open up the discussion about the further community development opportunities in the context of plantation forestry. In particular, the potential of value sharing mechanisms between the private sector and the local communities should be further studied. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe