Estate accounting as a public policy tool and its application in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century.

Este estudio pretende informar sobre la contabilidad sucesoria en el Imperio Otomano, presentando una muestra originaria del siglo XVII. En el Imperio Otomano, la contabilidad sucesoria y la liquidación de herencias servía para mantener el orden social, asegurando la pervivencia de las deudas cuando una de las partes fallecía, así como el debido pago a terceros con derecho a bienes pertenecientes al patrimonio objeto de la herencia. The objective of this study is to give information about estate accounting in the Ottoman Empire and present a sample from the 17th century. In the Ottoman Empire estate accounting and settlement served to maintain social order by ensuring the continuation of debt-credit relationship even when one of the parties died and also by ensuring the rightful discharge of estates between those with rights to the estate.Imperio Otomano, historia de la contabilidad, siglo XVII, contabilidad sucesoria. Ottoman Empire, accounting history, 17th century, estate accounting.

Istranca Masifinin Mesozoik Yaşlı Kayalarındaki Deformasyonların Yapısal Ve Kinematik Analizi

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü , 2002Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences , 2002ÖZET Çalışma alanı Batı Pontidlerin (Ketin, 1966; Şengör ve Yılmaz, 1981) en batı kesimini oluşturan Istranca masifinin örtü kayalarının temeli uyumsuzlukla üzerlediği Elmacık-Erikler köyleri civarında bulunmaktadır. Mesozoik yaşlı kayaların deformasyon stillerinin bulunması için en ideal yer olan bölgede temel kayalarını Paleozoik yaşlı gnays, örtü kayalarını ise Alt Triyas yaşlı en az dört farklı metasedimanter birim temsil etmektedir. Bölgedeki tüm kayalar yüksek dereceli ve çok evreli deformasyon geçirmiştir. İnceleme alanında temel ve örtü kayaları arasında deformasyon stilleri açısından bir fark bulunmamaktadır. Mesozoik yaşlı birimlerde üç ayrı deformasyon evresi tespit edilmiştir. İlk deformasyon evresi (Di) tüm birimlere nüfuz etmiş foliasyon (Sı), lineasyon(Lı) ve kıvrımlar(Fı) oluşturmuştur. Foliasy onlar (Sı) genellikle kuzeydoğu-güneybatı doğrultulu ve güneydoğuya doğru ortalama 30 derece ile eğimlidir. Lineasyonlar (Lı) ise kuzeybatı-güneydoğu yönelimli ve güneydoğuya doğru ~15 derece ile dalımlıdır. Bu evrede oluşan kıvrımlar (Fi) ise arazi çalışmalarında gözlenmeyip harita ölçeğinde ve jeolojik kesitlerde varlıklarını belli etmiştir. Bu deformasyon fazında oluşan tüm yapıların kinematik olarak gösterdiği hareket kuzeybatı yönlüdür, ikinci deformasyon evresi (D2) kendinden önce oluşan çizgisel ve düzlemsel yapılan deforme etmiştir. Bu deformasyon evresi sırasında boyutları metre ile kilometre arasında değişen kıvrımlar (F2) ve bu kıvrımların bazılarının eksen bölgelerinde gözlenen klivaj sistemi (S2) gelişmiştir. Oluşan kıvrımlar çalışma alanının hemen her yerinde, gerek arazi ölçeğinde gerekse harita ölçeğinde gözlenmektedir. Kıvrımların (F2) eksen çizgileri ile lineasyonun (Lı) paralel konumdadır ve üretilen kesitlerden hesaplanan sıkışma miktarı % 0,5 dir. D2 deformasyon evresindeki yapılar kuzeydoğu-güneybatı yönlü bir sıkışmanın etkisi ile oluşmuştur. Bölgedeki görece en genç deformasayon evresi (D3) ise kırılgan fayların oluşmasını sağlamıştır. Bu evrede oluşan sağ yanal atımlı bir fay ve bindirme düzlemi kuzeydoğu-güneybatı yönlü bir sıkışmayı göstermektedir. Bindirmenin oluşturduğu minimum atım miktarı ise 2,5 km. olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bölgenin tamamına bakıldığında hernekadar kuzeydoğu-güneybatı yönlü sıkışmanın varolduğu gözlensede, çalışılan alan içinde baskın deformasyon stilinin kuzeybatıya doğru bir hareketi gösterdiği bulunmuştur.SUMMARY The study area is located in the most western part of the Pontides (Ketin, 1966; Şengör and Yılmaz, 1981) in where the cover units of the Strandja Massif overlies the basement units unconformably around Elmacık and Erikler Village. Basement rocks are represented by Late Paleozoic gneisses and cover rocks are represented by at least four different metasedimentary units of Lower Triassic age. This region is chosen as the most suitable place to determine the deformation style of Mesozoic rocks. All of the units in the area have been affected by high grade and poli-phase deformation. There is no difference between the basement and the cover units in terms of deformation style. It has been identified three distinct. deformation episodes in the Mesozoic rocks. The first deformation episode (Di) is penetrative for all of the units and formed foliations (Si), lineations (Li), and folds (Fi). Foliations (Si) are generally striking to the NE and dipping approximately 30° to the SE. Lineations (LI) are plunging to the SE and dipping approximately 15° to the SE. The folds (Fl) developed in this phase have not been observed in the field studies but recognized in the map scale and the cross sections. All of the structures and kinematic indicators which belong to this episode of deformation show the top to NW sense of shear. The second deformation episode (D2) disrupted the linear and planar structures formed in the previous episode. In this episode of deformation, the folds (F2) range from meters to kilometers in scale, and cleavages (S2) develope which could be seen in the core of some F2 folds. These folds can be observed whole of the area both in the outcrop and in the map scale. Folds (F2) of D2 deformation episode and lineations (Li) of Di deformation episode are parallel to each other. The compression amount which is calculated from F2 folds is 0.5 %. All of the structures developed in the episode of the D2 deformation have been formed according to NE-SW directed compression. The third episode of deformation (D3), which is relatively the youngest one, produces brittle faults. The right-lateral and the thrust fault formed in this episode show NE- SW compression. The minimum offset belong to the thrust fault is calculated as 2.5 km. Although NE-SW compression related structures exists, in the studied area, top to nortwest shear sense is dominant.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Validity and reliability study of the scale of health professionals’ intentions/behaviors regarding reporting intimate partner violence

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlık çalışanlarının kadına yönelik eş şiddeti bildirimi yapma niyeti/davranışlarını belirleyen geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Yöntem: Metodolojik çalışma, İzmir ve Denizli'de dört kamu, iki üniversite hastanesinin kadın doğum ve acil servislerinde Ocak-Mart 2015 tarihleri arasında 258 hemşire/ebe ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen sosyodemografik soru formu ve Planlı Davranış Teorisine dayalı olarak likert tipi (1-7 puan) oluşturulan ölçek ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 15.0 ve LİSREL 8.7 istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Ölçek içerik geçerliği için kapsam geçerlik indeksi, yapı geçerliği için açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Güvenilirlik için madde analizleri ve iç tutarlılık analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma için etik kuruldan ve ilgili kurumlardan yazılı, katılımcılardan sözel izin alınmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların %65.9'u hemşire, %34.1'i ebedir. Yaş ortalamaları 34.37?8.43 olup, %64.7'si lisans düzeyinde eğitime sahiptir. İçerik geçerliliği için sekiz uzmanın görüşleri alınarak kapsam geçerlik indeksi .94 bulunmuştur. Madde-toplam puan korelasyon katsayıları .457-.833 arasında, Cronbach's alpha katsayısı ?= .962'dir. Sonuç: Doğrulayıcı faktör analizine göre modelin veri-model uyumu yeterlidir. Faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin tek faktörlü ve 21 madde içeren bir yapıda kullanımının uygun olacağı belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin daha geniş örneklem gruplarında sınanması önerilebilir.Aim: The aim of the study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure health professionals' intentions and behaviors regarding reporting intimate partner violence. Methods: This methodological study was conducted with 258 nurses/midwives in maternal and emergency services of four public hospitals and two university hospitals in Izmir and Denizli from January to March 2015. Data were collected with a sociodemographic questionnaire developed by the researchers and a Likert-type (1-7 points) scale based on the theory of planned behavior, and analyzed using statistics programs SPSS 15.0 and LISREL 8.7. Scale content was tested with a content validity index, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test construct validity. The internal consistency and item analysis were used for reliability. Written consent was obtained from ethics committee and the other related institutions, along with oral consent from participants in the study. Results: The participants comprised 65.9% nurses and 34.1% midwives. They had a mean age of 34.37?8.43, and 64.7% have bachelor's degree. For content validity the assessments of eight specialists were reviewed and the content validity index was found to be .94. Item-total point correlation coefficients were between .457 and .833; Cronbach's alpha coefficient was ?= .962. Conclusion: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that model data fit is sufficient, and factor analysis showed that the scale is suitable to be used as single factorial including 21 items. The scale may be recommended for larger sample groups

Do the effects of vitamin d supplementation on muscle strength differ according to age?

Introduction: Vitamin D plays an important role in musculoskeletal health and its use improves muscle strength. However, the effect of vitamin D use on muscle strength in women of different ages is yet to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D use on muscle strength in women of different age groups and determine the differences of muscle strength gain between age groups. Materials and Method: Sixty-three women with calcidiol levels<30 ng/mL were randomly assigned and stratified by their age group as follows: Group I (aged 40–49 years), Group II (aged 50–59 years) and Group III (aged 60–69 years). Calcidiol levels, body mass index, fat free mass, percent fat, grip strength, arm curl, chair stand and isokinetic concentric flexor and extensor peak torque and power at 60°•s−1 and 180°•s−1 were assessed at baseline and six months after oral cholecalciferol supplementation. Results: Vitamin D supplementation caused significant improvement in body mass index, arm curl, grip strength and knee flexor and extensor peak torque and power at 60°•s−1 and 180°•s−1 in all groups (p<0.05). Knee flexor power at 60°•s−1 and extensor power at 180°•s−1 were significantly higher in group I than in group III (p<0.025). Conclusion: Muscle strength in response to vitamin D supplementation increased in all age groups, and isokinetic muscle power was the highest in the youngest age group studied. © 2018, Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved

I HAVE A LETTER TO MY MATH TEACHERS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY WITH GIFTED STUDENTS

This research aimed to explore the experiences and phenomenological aspects of gifted students' participation in mathematics classes at a science and arts center (a gifted education center in Turkey). This phenomenological study involved 47 students aged 8-15. Data were collected through letters written by the students to their mathematics teachers and analyzed using phenomenological and inductive content analysis. The findings revealed the overarching theme: "My Mathematical Course". Under this theme, students' perceptions of mathematics as a space of freedom/place of self-discovery and, conversely, as a source of boredom were identified. Furthermore, the students expressed expectations and desires regarding the mathematics class, the science and arts center, the system, and their teachers. The findings are discussed within the broader context of the literature

LlamaTurk: Adapting Open-Source Generative Large Language Models for Low-Resource Language

Despite advancements in English-dominant generative large language models, further development is needed for low-resource languages to enhance global accessibility. The primary methods for representing these languages are monolingual and multilingual pretraining. Monolingual pretraining is expensive due to hardware requirements, and multilingual models often have uneven performance across languages. This study explores an alternative solution by adapting large language models, primarily trained on English, to low-resource languages. We assess various strategies, including continual training, instruction fine-tuning, task-specific fine-tuning, and vocabulary extension. The results show that continual training improves language comprehension, as reflected in perplexity scores, and task-specific tuning generally enhances performance of downstream tasks. However, extending the vocabulary shows no substantial benefits. Additionally, while larger models improve task performance with few-shot tuning, multilingual models perform worse than their monolingual counterparts when adapted

Visualizing Business Process Deviance With Timeline Diagrams

Lõputöös püstitatakse kaks peamist küsimust mõiste "hälvete kaevandamine" kohta ja tehakse ettepanek uue meetodi jaoks, mis näitab kahe sündmuse logide erinevusi ajalise dünaamika mõttes, et täita hälvete kaevandamist. Hälvete kaevandamise eesmärk on täpsustada probleemide päritolu ja kõrvalekaldeid. Kogu sellega seotud töö uurimisel on täheldatud, et enamus olemasolevatest meetoditest keskenduvad protsessi põhistruktuurile, mis on ülesannete täitmise järjekord. Uus tehnika näitab tavapäraste ja hälbivate jälgede tegevuste suhtelisi kestusi, st ajalist dünaamikat, joonistades variantide ajakava. Lisaks pakutakse välja tehnika, mis näitab diagrammide kohandamiseks erinevaid seadeid, nagu tulemuslikkuse mõõdik ja protsessi üksikasjalikkus. Lõpuks onvälja arendatud kontseptsioonivahend, mis järgib välja pakutud lähenemisviisi ja on veebis saadaval.The thesis poses two main questions regarding to the notion of “deviance mining” andproposes a new technique to visualise the differences of two event logs in terms oftemporal dynamics in order to perform deviance mining. The objective of deviancemining is to pinpoint the origin of the problems and the deviance. Throughout theresearch of the related work it’s observed that most of the existing methods focus on themain structure of the process which is the order of the tasks being executed. The newtechnique brings out the relative durations i.e temporal dynamics of the activities in thenormal and deviant traces by drawing a timeline diagram of the variants. Additionally theproposed technique puts forward set of different settings such as the performancemeasure and the granularity level of the process to customize the diagram. Lastly, aproof-of-concept tool abiding by the proposed approach is implemented which is servedon the web

Event-related microblog retrieval in Turkish

Microblogs, such as tweets, are short messages in which users are able to share any opinion and information. Microblogs are mostly related to real-life events reported in news articles. Finding event-related microblogs is important to analyze online social networks and understand public opinion on events. However, finding such microblogs is a challenging task due to the dynamic nature of microblogs and their limited length. In this study, assuming that news articles are given as queries and microblogs as documents, we find event-related microblogs in Turkish. In order to represent news articles and microblogs, we examine encoding methods, namely traditional bag-of-words and word embeddings provided by BERT and FastText pretrained language models based on deep learning. We find the distance between the encoded news article and microblog to measure text similarity or relatedness between them. We then rank microblogs according to their relatedness to the input query. The experimental results show that (i) BERT-based model outperforms other encoding methods in Turkish, though bag-of-words with Dice similarity has a challenging performance in short text; (ii) news title is successful to represent event as query, and (iii) preprocessing Turkish microblogs has positive impact in bag-of-words and also FastText embeddings, while BERT embeddings are robust to noise in Turkish