An approach for the modeling of interface-body coupled nonlocal damage

Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) can be used for strengthening concrete or masonry constructions.One of the main problem in the use of FRP is the possible detachment of the reinforcement from the supportmaterial. This paper deals with the modeling of the FRP-concrete or masonry damage interface, accounting forthe coupling occurring between the degradation of the cohesive material and the FRP detachment. To this end,a damage model is considered for the quasi-brittle material. In order to prevent strain localization and strongmesh sensitivity of the solution, an integral-type of nonlocal model based on the weighted spatial averaging of astrain-like quantity is developed. Regarding the interface, the damage is governed by the relative displacementoccurring at bond. A suitable interface model which accounts for the mode I, mode II and mixed mode ofdamage is developed. The coupling between the body damage and the interface damage is performedcomputing the body damage on the bond surface. Numerical examples are presented

Pengaruh Ekspor, Penanaman Modal Asing, Dan Utang Luar Negeri Terhadap Cadangan Devisa Di Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of Export, Foreign Investment and Foreign Debt Against Foreign Exchange Reserves in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data obtained from Bank Indonesia and the Central Bureau of Statistics. This research was conducted in the period 1996 to 2015. This study used a descriptive analysis of quantitative and analytical tools used multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS computer application program 20.Our results obtained Exports, Foreign Investment and Foreign Debt By simultaneously affect the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia with a significance level α = 5% probability of F statistics obtained value <α (0.05) ie 0.000 <0.05. Partially Export positive and significant impact on foreign exchange reserves, the Foreign Investment significant negative effect on International Reserves and Foreign Debt positive and significant impact on foreign exchange reserves. Variations of factors that influence the foreign exchange reserves is explained by exports, the Foreign Investment and Foreign Debt jointly effect of 97.4%. This means that approximately 97.4% of foreign exchange reserves is explained by the variable Exports, Foreign Investment and Foreign Debt

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Provinsi Riau

This research was conducted in Riau Province, aims to look at theinfluence of foreign investment, economic growth, the provincial minimum wage, and the average length of the school either simultaneously or partially to labor absorption in Riau province. Economic growth is always directed to improve the lives and well-being of society. Expansion of labor absorption needed to keep pace with the growth of young people who enter the labor market. The imbalance between labor force growth and job creation will lead to high unemployment. This research uses secondary data types. The method of analysis used in this research is descriptive quantitative method, as a simultaneously and partially analysis (multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 18.0). The results of the testing that has been done, simultaneous regression (F test) showed that all the independent variables have a significant effect on the dependent variable. The results of the partial regression test (t test) showed that only variable Average Length of School who have a significant effect on labor absorption in Riau province. While the variable Foreign Investment, Economic Growth and Provincial Minimum Wage has no significant effect on labor absorption in Riau province. The magnitude of the effect caused by the four independent variables together on the dependent variable was 82,9%, while the remaining 17,1% is influenced by other variables not examined in this research

Program Peningkatan Keterampilan Pemuda Dalam Menghadapi Pasar Kerja Di Kota Pekanbaru (Studi Kasus Di Dinas Pemuda Dan Olahraga Kota Pekanbaru)

This research is done at Pekanbaru's City on month of May 2015. To the effect of observational it is subject to be know juvenile forming program was impacted positive or negative to young men at Pekanbaru's City and to know resulting young men skill by on duty young men and Pekanbaru's City sport in face job market. This research utilize secondary data and primary data. Juvenile observational one goes along in executed program by on duty young men and olahrga is Pekanbaru's City year 2013 total one 150 person. Sample is taken by use of method Stratified Random Sampling which is sample take method by agglomerates population according to program as much 30 person, meanwhile analisis's method data that is utilized in this research is descriptive method. Base observational result to be known that young men already follow training has more skill, automatically have positive impact to young men at Pekanbaru's City, and labour exploit (young men) one that terampil or has skill more than resulting another young men by on duty young men and sport (At spore) Pekanbaru's city stills less optimal deep face job market, Working young men corresponds to its skill as much 18 person (60%) and one works in conflict with skill it as much 12 person (40%), if is seen from term skill type waits, kesesuain and accepted pay and less optimal human resource exploit (young men) terampil, more reverential reducing accords it skill type, the duration term waits to get work, inappropriate it talks shop with skill and insufficiently accords expected pay it with their one accepts

Development and application of an electrochemical plate coupled with immunomagnetic beads (ELIME) array for salmonella enterica detection in meat samples

Salmonella is one of the main organisms causing outbreaks of foodborne illness, and meat is one of the major vehicles of salmonellosis throughout the world. A novel analytical immunosensor array, based on a 96-well electrochemical plate coupled with immunomagnetic beads (ELIME array), is proposed for the detection of Salmonella in meat samples. After an optimization study, using Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis as reference antigen, the ability of the method to interact with a large number of Salmonella serovars commonly present in food was evaluated. The assay was then used to analyze samples of pork, chicken, beef, and turkey experimentally inoculated with Salmonella as well as real samples. The results were compared with those from the International Standard of Organization (ISO) culture method. The comparison showed that the ELIME array is able to detect a low number of Salmonella cells (1-10 CFU per 25 g) after only 6 h of incubation in a pre-enrichment broth. The investigation revealed a very good agreement between culture and ELIME array methods for meat samples, reducing the time for performing the analysis and obtaining the results quickly

Reduction of colonic inflammation in HLA-B27 transgenic rats by feeding Marie Ménard apples, rich in polyphenols

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are immunomediated ailments affecting millions of individuals. Although diet is regarded as an important factor influencing IBD, there are no accepted dietary recommendations presently available. We administered 7.6 % lyophilised apples obtained from two cultivars (Golden Delicious and Marie Ménard, low and high in polyphenols, respectively) to HLA-B27 transgenic rats which develop spontaneous IBD. After 3 months feeding, rats fed Marie Ménard apples had reduced myeloperoxidase activity (3.6 (sem 0.3) v. 2.2 (sem 0.2) U/g tissue; P <0.05) and reduced cyclo-oxygenase-2 (P <0.05) and inducible NO synthase gene expression (P <0.01) in the colon mucosa and significantly less diarrhoea (P <0.05), compared with control rats. Cell proliferation in the colon mucosa was reduced significantly by feeding Golden Delicious apples, with a borderline effect of Marie Ménard apples. Gene expression profiling of the colon mucosa, analysed using the Whole Rat Genome 4 x 44 K Agilent Arrays, revealed a down-regulation of the pathways of PG synthesis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling and TNFalpha-NF-kappaB in Marie Ménard-fed rats. In the stools of the animals of this group we also measured a significant reduction of bacteria of the Bacteriodes fragilis group. In conclusion, the administration of Marie Ménard apples, rich in polyphenols and used at present only in the manufacturing of cider, ameliorates colon inflammation in transgenic rats developing spontaneous intestinal inflammation, suggesting the possible use of these and other apple varieties to control inflammation in IBD patient

A coupled interface-body nonlocal damage model for the analysis of FRP strengthening detachment from cohesive material

In the present work, a new model of the FRP-concrete or masonry interface, which accounts for the coupling occurring between the degradation of the cohesive material and the FRP detachment, is presented; in particular, a coupled interface-body nonlocal damage model is proposed. A nonlocal damage and plasticity model is developed for the quasi-brittle material. For the interface, a model which accounts for the mode I, mode II and mixed mode of damage and for the unilateral contact and friction effects is developed. Two different ways of performing the coupling between the body damage and the interface damage are proposed and compared. Some numerical applications are carried out in order to assess the performances of the proposed model in reproducing the mechanical behavior of the masonry elements strengthened with external FRP reinforcements

An approach for the modeling of interface-body coupled nonlocal damage

Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) can be used for strengthening concrete or masonry constructions. One of the main problem in the use of FRP is the possible detachment of the reinforcement from the support material. This paper deals with the modeling of the FRP-concrete or masonry damage interface, accounting for the coupling occurring between the degradation of the cohesive material and the FRP detachment. To this end, a damage model is considered for the quasi-brittle material. In order to prevent strain localization and strong mesh sensitivity of the solution, an integral-type of nonlocal model based on the weighted spatial averaging of a strain-like quantity is developed. Regarding the interface, the damage is governed by the relative displacement occurring at bond. A suitable interface model which accounts for the mode I, mode II and mixed mode of damage is developed. The coupling between the body damage and the interface damage is performed computing the body damage on the bond surface. Numerical examples are presented

Breaking Away from AI: The Ontological and Ethical Evolution of Machine Learning

Machine Learning (ML) has historically been associated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) but has developed into an independent discipline. This paper argues for the ontological independence of ML, driven by its unique methodologies, applications, and ethical considerations. A bibliometric analysis reveals that ML research output (494,572 publications from 2017-2023) surpasses AI (283,762 publications) by 74%, reflecting its rapid growth and specialization. Unlike AI's pursuit of general intelligence and symbolic reasoning, ML focuses on data-driven performance optimization, with impactful applications in computer vision, natural language processing (NLP), and autonomous systems. The study highlights ethical challenges-such as addressing algorithmic bias (50 occurrences), fairness (2,778 publications), and environmental sustainability (283 related works)-which emphasize the need for dedicated ethical frameworks tailored to ML. These findings propose a conceptual and practical separation between ML and AI to enable targeted research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and solutions to challenges like explainability, transparency, and sustainability. The paper underscores the importance of recognizing ML's independence in advancing both fields