Bearing strength of wood under steel aircraft bolts and washers and other factors influencing fitting design

The purpose of this report is to correlate, bring up to date, and put under a single cover all the information thought to be essential to an understanding of the formulas

Training-Free Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring of Electric Vehicle Charging with Low Sampling Rate

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is an important topic in smart-grid and smart-home. Many energy disaggregation algorithms have been proposed to detect various individual appliances from one aggregated signal observation. However, few works studied the energy disaggregation of plug-in electric vehicle (EV) charging in the residential environment since EVs charging at home has emerged only recently. Recent studies showed that EV charging has a large impact on smart-grid especially in summer. Therefore, EV charging monitoring has become a more important and urgent missing piece in energy disaggregation. In this paper, we present a novel method to disaggregate EV charging signals from aggregated real power signals. The proposed method can effectively mitigate interference coming from air-conditioner (AC), enabling accurate EV charging detection and energy estimation under the presence of AC power signals. Besides, the proposed algorithm requires no training, demands a light computational load, delivers high estimation accuracy, and works well for data recorded at the low sampling rate 1/60 Hz. When the algorithm is tested on real-world data recorded from 11 houses over about a whole year (total 125 months worth of data), the averaged error in estimating energy consumption of EV charging is 15.7 kwh/month (while the true averaged energy consumption of EV charging is 208.5 kwh/month), and the averaged normalized mean square error in disaggregating EV charging load signals is 0.19.Comment: Accepted by The 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2014

Mother-loss: A Phenomenological Exploration of the Experience of Losing a Mother

The death of a mother can be devastating to a child. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore the experience of early maternal loss for adult women who were younger than 4 years old when their mothers died. This study focused on the phenomenon as it was perceived by these women and how the loss has impacted their lives across time. The theoretical frameworks used to guide this study were attachment theory, symbolic interaction theory and family stress midrange theory, and risk and resilience midrange theory. An adult women who has grown up without a mother indeed may have attachment insecurity. There is empirical evidence to support the assertion that attachment insecurity can lead to adult outcomes such as depression, alcoholism, and other psychopathological responses. For this study, a sample of 8 women was interviewed for approximately 2 hours each using intensive, interactive interviewing. Their words provided the data that informed this study. The themes that emerged as the most significant from these interviews were the presence of another female attachment substitute, fathering, religious beliefs, and memories of mothers. Most significant was the presence or absence of another woman who could step into the role left vacant by the death. If this woman provided loving and nurturing care for the young girl, grieving and suffering were short-lived. However, if she did not provide love and warmth, if she was abusive, or if there was no alternate attachment figure available, there were possibly ongoing deleterious results

The Design of Plywood Webs for Airplane Wing Beams

This report deals with the design of plywood webs for wooden box beams to obtain maximum strength per unit weight. A method of arriving at the most efficient and economical web thickness, and hence the most suitable unit shear stress, is presented and working stresses in shear for various types of webs and species of plywood are given. The questions of diaphragm spacing and required glue area between the webs and flange are also discussed

Deep Submillimeter Surveys: Luminous Infrared Galaxies at High Redshift

Deep surveys at 850microns from Mauna Kea using the SCUBA camera on the JCMT appear to have discovered a substantial population of ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIGs: L_ir > 10^{12} L_sun). The cumulative space density of these sources (~10,000 per sq.deg with S_850 > 1mJy) is sufficient to account for nearly all of the extragalactic background light at submillimeter wavelengths. Current estimates of the redshift distribution suggest a peak in the comoving space density of SCUBA sources at z = 1-3, similar to what is observed for QSOs and radio galaxies. The luminosity density in the far-infrared/submillimeter exceeds that in the UV by factors of 3-10 over this redshift range, implying that as much as 80-90% of the "activity" in galaxies at z < 4 is hidden by dust. The SCUBA sources plausibly represent the primary epoch in the formation of spheroids and massive black holes triggered by major mergers of large gas-rich disks.Comment: LaTex, 14 pages with 9 embedded .eps figures. To appear in ``Space Infrared Telescopes and Related Science", 32nd COSPAR workshop, Nagoya, Japan 1998, ed. T. Matsumoto, T. de Graau