A quantitative atlas of histone modification signatures from human cancer cells

BACKGROUND: An integral component of cancer biology is the understanding of molecular properties uniquely distinguishing one cancer type from another. One class of such properties is histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Many histone PTMs are linked to the same diverse nuclear functions implicated in cancer development, including transcriptional activation and epigenetic regulation, which are often indirectly assayed with standard genomic technologies. Thus, there is a need for a comprehensive and quantitative profiling of cancer lines focused on their chromatin modification states. RESULTS: To complement genomic expression profiles of cancer lines, we report the proteomic classification of 24 different lines, the majority of which are cancer cells, by quantifying the abundances of a large panel of single and combinatorial histone H3 and H4 PTMs, and histone variants. Concurrent to the proteomic analysis, we performed transcriptomic analysis on histone modifying enzyme abundances as a proxy for quantifying their activity levels. While the transcriptomic and proteomic results were generally consistent in terms of predicting histone PTM abundance from enzyme abundances, several PTMs were regulated independently of the modifying enzyme expression. In addition, combinatorial PTMs containing H3K27 methylation were especially enriched in breast cell lines. Knockdown of the predominant H3K27 methyltransferase, enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2), in a mouse mammary xenograft model significantly reduced tumor burden in these animals and demonstrated the predictive utility of proteomic techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Our proteomic and genomic characterizations of the histone modification states provide a resource for future investigations of the epigenetic and non-epigenetic determinants for classifying and analyzing cancer cells

Scaling of the F_2 structure function in nuclei and quark distributions at x>1

We present new data on electron scattering from a range of nuclei taken in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. For heavy nuclei, we observe a rapid falloff in the cross section for $x>1$, which is sensitive to short range contributions to the nuclear wave-function, and in deep inelastic scattering corresponds to probing extremely high momentum quarks. This result agrees with higher energy muon scattering measurements, but is in sharp contrast to neutrino scattering measurements which suggested a dramatic enhancement in the distribution of the `super-fast' quarks probed at x>1. The falloff at x>1 is noticeably stronger in ^2H and ^3He, but nearly identical for all heavier nuclei.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be submitted to physical revie

Nilpotent matrices over antirings

The main goal of this thesis is to decribe the properties of nilpotent matrices over antirings. We start with the introduction of the abstract structures, more precisely, groups and semirings. We observe the properties that apply to semigroups, monoids and groups, and also the properties that apply to\ud semirings. After a brief description of the history of previous studies done on matrices over semirings, we give some definitions and lemmas that are used later on. We define what an antiring is and talk about nilpotence of elements and matrices, we also define the permanent and the associated permanent minors. Next, we define and describe the properties of the nilpotent matrices. We also write about simultaneous nilpotency and the nilpotent index. At the end we provide a method for calculationg the nilpotent index

Development of an algorithm for autonomous aircraft landing

V delu je predstavljen razvoj algoritma za avtonomno pristajanje letal. Izpeljan je matematični model gibanja masne točke v šestih prostostnih stopnjah ter njegova linearizacija okrog ravnovesne lege leta letala. Na podlagi dobljenih nelinearnih gibalnih enačb je izdelana simulacija leta, ki zajema tudi pomembnejše nelinearnosti aktuatorjev ter zaznaval, kot so omejeno območje delovanja, temperaturna odvisnost, učinki digitalizacije in šum, ter služi kot okolje za razvoj in preizkušanje razvitega algoritma. Podrobneje je raziskan vpliv merilnega šuma na dosegljivo natančnost vodenja in uporaba Kalmanovega filtra za omilitev njegovih učinkov.In this thesis the development of an algorithm for autonomous landing of aircraft is presented. First, a mathematical model for the motion of a point mass with six degrees of freedom is derived, along with its linearization about a reference trajectory. Based on these nonlinear equations of motion a flight simulation is designed, that also takes major sensor and actuator nonlinearities, such as limited range of operation, temperature dependency, effects of digitalization and noise into account. It serves as an environment for the development and testing of the proposed algorithm. A more thorough investigation into the influence of measurement noise on the achievable guidance accuracy is undertaken, as well as into the utilization of a Kalman filter for the mitigation of its effects

Genusforskning inom teknikvetenskapen

”Genusforskning inom teknikvetenskapen” är skriven av Lena Trojer, professor vid forskningsenheten för Teknovetenskapliga studier vid Blekinge Tekniska Högskola. Det är den tredje skriften i en serie om genusforskning som ges ut i samarbete mellan Högskoleverkets jämställdhetsråd och Nationella sekretariatet för genusforskning. Krav på genusperspektiv i utbildning och forskning möter ofta en motfråga: vad är genus och vad är genusforskning? Något givet och entydigt svar på frågan kan inte ges, eftersom det bland dem som ägnar sig åt genusforskning inte finns någon enighet om hur begreppen skall definieras. Syftet med den här skriftserien är att ge en orientering om genusforskning inom olika discipliner. Lena Trojer skriver om genusforskningens betydelse för kunskapsutvecklingen inom olika tekniska områden. Läsaren bjuds på en resa mellan föreställningar om genusforskning inom teknikvetenskapen och ämnet så som det faktiskt har utvecklats

Altobello Melone und der Norden

Altobello Melone, ein aus Cremona stammender Künstler, freskierte im Langhausmittelschiff des dortigen Domes, 1517 und 1518, in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Aufträgen insg. sieben Szenen eines weitläufigen, neutestamentarischen Bilderzyklus‘. Sie sind die einzigen, signierten und datierten Werke des Malers und somit unumgänglicher Ausgangspunkt für die Betrachtung seines künstlerischen Schaffens, das in der vorliegenden Arbeit in Bezug zur transalpinen Kunst gesetzt wird. Der auffallende, gestalterische Wandel innerhalb der beiden Beschäftigungsjahre führte zu der Suche und in der Folge zu der Erkenntnis, dass Altobello im Laufe der Ausgestaltung verschiedene Bildvorlagen verwertete: zunächst orientierte er sich vorwiegend an seinen norditalienischen Künstlerkollegen; während des zweiten Auftrages nahm hingegen die Adaption transalpiner Bildelemente aus druckgraphischen Blättern und gemalten Ölbildern sukzessive zu. Aufgrund der wenigen Quellen zum Leben des Cremonesen sind ein Aufenthalt in Venedig, Reisen zu anderen Kunstzentren der Zeit oder gar über die Alpen nicht beweisbar. Umgekehrt erfuhr, bedingt durch den Ausbau der Verkehrs- und Transportwege zwischen Nordeuropa und Oberitalien, die allgemeine Handels- und Reisetätigkeit von Künstlern und ihren bildnerischen Erzeugnissen zu Beginn der Neuzeit einen enormen Aufschwung, wobei die Lagunenstadt Venedig als Hauptanlaufstelle für aus- und inländische Meister eine besondere Rolle einzunehmen schien. Von dort ausgehend, verbreiteten sich die Bildideen der lokalen, aber auch der deutschen und niederländischen Künstlergrößen weiter in den Westen und Süden des Landes – bis sie schließlich in Altobello Melones Reichweite gelangten. Somit entsprach er mit seinen Rückgriffen auf nordalpine Vorlagen vollkommen dem Zeitgeist des frühen Cinquecento

Trans2k: Unlocking the Power of Deep Models for Transparent Object Tracking

Visual object tracking has focused predominantly on opaque objects, while transparent object tracking received very little attention. Motivated by the uniqueness of transparent objects in that their appearance is directly affected by the background, the first dedicated evaluation dataset has emerged recently. We contribute to this effort by proposing the first transparent object tracking training dataset Trans2k that consists of over 2k sequences with 104,343 images overall, annotated by bounding boxes and segmentation masks. Noting that transparent objects can be realistically rendered by modern renderers, we quantify domain-specific attributes and render the dataset containing visual attributes and tracking situations not covered in the existing object training datasets. We observe a consistent performance boost (up to 16%) across a diverse set of modern tracking architectures when trained using Trans2k, and show insights not previously possible due to the lack of appropriate training sets. The dataset and the rendering engine will be publicly released to unlock the power of modern learning-based trackers and foster new designs in transparent object tracking.Comment: Accepted to BMVC 2022. Project page: https://github.com/trojerz/Trans2

New measurements of high-momentum nucleons and short-range structures in nuclei

We present new measurements of electron scattering from high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. These data allow an improved determination of the strength of two-nucleon correlations for several nuclei, including light nuclei where clustering effects can, for the first time, be examined. The data also include the kinematic region where three-nucleon correlations are expected to dominate.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Results from JLab E02-01

Landscapes, salt and ethics: a visual ethnography of the ‘Afar caravan trade in north-eastern Ethiopia

The PhD project Landscapes, salt and ethics: a visual ethnography of the ‘Afar caravan trade in north-eastern Ethiopia combines Anthropology with Ethnographic Filmmaking as part of a PhD in Anthropology and Sociology. The written dissertation explores how the decline in the salt caravan trade has affected the cultural, economic and social reality of one specific ‘Afar pastoral community in north-eastern Ethiopia. The research investigates how the historical trajectories that led to the decline of the salt caravan trade in 2018 underlie broader questions about human agency, business ethics, trade relations, hospitality and self-identification processes in an ever-changing, precarious Ethiopian political landscape. My project argues that anthropology has to engage with the relationship – past and present – between political economy and human ecology over time and space. Looking for different ways of understanding the complex economic and social dynamics of trade relations, business ethics, historical contexts and the environmental perception of agro-pastoral communities and nomadic wayfarers, this dissertation forwards an approach that I call corresponding landscapes. Corresponding landscapes can be seen as the knot connecting three interdependent ideas: the productive landscape, the material landscape and the political landscape. These ideas build respectively on discourses on landscapes and environmental perception, value and commodity exchange theory, and regional-specific political and historical developments. The approach is grounded in concrete ethnographically derived understandings of local perspectives of the environment and economy. Corresponding landscapes further informs mixed collaborative methodologies, co-learning and shared experiences for qualitative research. Alongside the written PhD dissertation, I submit a 30 min ethnographic documentary, Arho – The ‘Afar Salt Trade of Northeastern Ethiopia, that follows one caravan on their journey to the salt basin of the ‘Afar Depression. The documentary relies on strong visual imagery and traditional ‘Afar music selected by the ‘Afar salt traders I worked with on this project. It shows how the decline of this trade affects daily life in the communities of Barhale district in north-eastern Ethiopia. As part of my ethnographic practice and in the context of my concrete research experiences, I propose an ethics of correspondence for doctoral and early career researchers. The ethics of correspondence is a collaborative, dialogic and reflexive method to challenge post-colonial ways of practising anthropology. I suggest the use of audio-visual materials and filmmaking as a research tool to move beyond the written text as primary research output. Based on my research experience and following renewed anthropological interest in ethics and morality, I view research ethics as flexible, critical, and historically and culturally situated. My interest is the lessons we can learn from a direct engagement with other – non-western – notions of ethics in cross-cultural encounters. I consider how knowledge from this engagement can be applied to both ethnographic research and ethnographic filmmaking for doctoral and early-career researchers. I contend that ethics relate to interpersonal relations and can be neither fully demanded nor pre-determined, but must, instead, be negotiated based on the contextual understandings of the concrete, everyday situations encountered during ethnographic fieldwork