A Simple Procedure for Extraction of Surface Protein of Salmonella Serotypes and Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Poultry and Pigs

Salmonella and E.coli possess different surface protein structures that can induce protective immune responses. Identification of these proteins capacitates development of diverse applications in prevention and diagnosis that contribute to effectively control disease-causing enterobacteria pathogens such as Salmonella and E.coli. A simple procedure for obtaining protein complexes of Salmonella serotypes and E.coli is performed in this study. A sonication process with heat treatment of whole bacteria induced the release of protein complexes. Concentration of the protein extract was quantified using protein quantification Kits-Rapid, and protein complex profile was obtained by SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and silver staining. The concentrations of protein ranged from 29.45 to 45.35 µg/mL in the  Salmonella protein extracts, and from 25.35 to 36.72 µg/mL in the E.coli protein extracts. Six major groups of proteins from E. coli (YfiO, NipB, OmpF, YfgL, Talc, YaeT) and four major groups of proteins from Salmonella (Flagellin, OmpA, Porin, SEF21) were preliminarily determined by a simple procedure of extraction based on the molecular weight

Influence of processing on tannin, flavonoid, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity of Ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt) leaf tea

This study investigates factors affecting tea production from the leaves of Ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt) using a natural fermentation method. To evaluate the tea quality, key parameters such as tannin, flavonoid, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity were monitored throughout the research. The study examined different factors, including leaf moisture loss prior to fermentation, the fermentation temperature and duration, the roasting temperature, and the final product moisture content. The results indicated that drying the leaves to 80% moisture content facilitated the natural fermentation process at 40°C for 5 h. Roasting the tea at 100°C to a final moisture of 8% maintained a stable content of tannin, flavonoid, polyphenol, and oxidation capacity

Bioactive Compounds From Red Cabbage By Microwave-Assisted Extraction: Anthocyanins, Total Phenolic Compounds And The Antioxidant Activity

1 pageRed cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata f. Rubra) is a vegetable known for its antioxidant activity and rich nutrient composition, especially anthocyanin compounds. The objective of this research is to determine optimal conditions to yield the highest contents of anthocyanin, polyphenol and antioxidant activity from red cabbage with the microwave-assisted extraction method (MAE). Anthocyanin was evaluated based on the pH-differential method, the Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to evaluate the polyphenol content, antioxidant activity based on the DPPH free radical scavenging method. The results showed that, extraction conditions consisting of ethanol concentration of 60o, solid to solvent ratio of 1:30, microwave power of 600W and microwave-assisted extraction time of 2 minutes, gave the highest anthocyanin content at 73.89 mg/L.The content of polyphenol reached 5244.88 mg/L and the antioxidant activity was 1739.4 μmol/L

Optimization of Protein Hydrolysate from Earthworms (<i>Perionyx excavatus</i>) of Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity by One Variable at a Time

Hypertension, characterized by elevated blood pressure, is commonly treated with angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. This study evaluated the ACE inhibitory activity (ACEIA) of protein hydrolysate from earthworms (Perionyx excavatus) by commercial proteases. The results showed that the protein hydrolysate of earthworms gave the highest ACEIA of 85.38 ± 2.31% (at the protein concentration of 2 mg/mL) and IC50 value of 844.64 μg/mL when the earthworms were hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme® 500 MG under optimized conditions such as earthworm:phosphate buffer ratio of 1:6 (w/v), hydrolysis temperature of 50 °C, pH 7, enzyme:substrate ratio of 600 U/g protein and hydrolysis time of 2 h. The membrane further fractionated the hydrolysate, and the < 1 kDa fraction had the highest ACEIA with an IC50 value of 261.94 μg/mL. The stability of ACEIA was assessed under various conditions, including in vitro digestion, heat treatment at 100 °C for 180 min, and pH adjustments from pH 1 to 11. The < 1 kDa fraction maintained ACEIA activity at 133.34, 76.25, and 84.95%, respectively, after these treatments. These results suggest that earthworm protein hydrolysates, particularly the <1 kDa fraction, exhibit strong stability and could be promising candidates for the development of functional foods or pharmaceuticals targeting hypertension

Production of iron-binding protein hydrolysate with foaming and emul-sifying properties from featherback (Chitala ornata) skin

This study utilized featherback skin to generate a versatile protein hydrolysate having capacities of iron chelation, emulsification, foaming and amino acid supplement. The hydrolysate obtained under the chosen condition (Alcalase, the skin:water ratio of 1:9 (w/v), pH 7.5, 55°C, enzyme:substrate (E:S) ratio of 40 U/g protein, 4 h of hydrolysis) showed an iron-binding capacity (IBC) of 7085.2 ± 4.2 (μg Fe2+/g protein), being equivalent to that of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na2EDTA). Together with a high content of hydrophobic amino acids (63.34 mg/L), in the pH range 3-8, the emulsifying property of the hydrolysate was remarkable with emulsifying activity index (EAI) of 0.16-0.21 m2/g protein and emulsifying stability index (ESI) of 35.1-107.1 min, which were 1.7- 2.3 folds lower and 1.6-5.0 folds higher than those of sodium caseinate, respectively. Meanwhile, the hydrolysate exhibited mild foaming property with its foaming capacity (FC) and foaming stability (FS) being 3.6-16.6 folds lower than those of albumin

Association between ACE I/D genetic polymorphism and the severity of coronary artery disease in Vietnamese patients with acute myocardial infarction

BackgroundThe severity of coronary artery disease is a prognostic factor for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. ACE I/D polymorphism is one of the genetic factors that may affect the severity of coronary artery disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between ACE I/D genotypes and the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Materials and methodsA single-center, prospective, observational study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology and Department of Interventional Cardiology, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from January 2020 to June 2021. All participants diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction underwent contrast-enhanced coronary angiography. The severity of coronary artery disease was determined by Gensini score. ACE I/D genotypes were identified in all subjects by using the polymerase chain reaction method.ResultsA total of 522 patients diagnosed with first acute myocardial infarction were recruited. The patients' median Gensini score was 34.3. The II, ID, and DD genotype rates of ACE I/D polymorphism were 48.9%, 36.4%, and 14.7%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the ACE DD genotype was independently associated with a higher Gensini score compared with the II or ID genotypes.ConclusionThe DD genotype of the ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with first acute myocardial infarction

Reliability and validity of the Vietnamese version of the Hamilton D-17 scale

BackgroundWhile depression is a common mental disorder, the diagnosis of this condition is still challenging. Thus, there is a need to have a validated tool to help evaluate symptoms of depression. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Vietnamese version of the Hamilton D-17 scale.MethodsA cross-sectional, descriptive, and validation study was conducted on 183 patients including 139 depressed and 44 non-depressed patients at the University Medical Center of Medicine and Pharmacy University at Ho Chi Minh City. Internal reliability and inter-rater reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate construct validity. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) was used to measure concurrent validity of the Hamilton D-17. Area under the ROC curve was used to measure criterion validity.ResultsBoth Cronbach alpha coefficient and ICC were at good level at alpha = 0.83 and ICC = 0.83. CFA with a second-order model consisting of four factors fitted the data at good to excellent level. The SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual) was 0.066, RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) (90% CI) was 0.053 (0.036–0.069), CFI (comparative fit index) was 0.93, TLI (Tucker Lewis index) was 0.92. The Hamilton D-17 and the PHQ-9 had a correlation coefficient of r = 0.77 (p &lt; 0.001). The Hamilton D-17 had a very high level of criterion validity with AUC of 0.93 (0.88–0.98).ConclusionThe Vietnamese version of the Hamilton D-17 scale has a high level of validity and reliability. The scale should be used to assess symptoms of depression among Vietnamese patients

Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries.

BACKGROUND: Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there have been concerns related to the preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. METHODS: This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training. RESULTS: We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0-14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6-32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p<0.001). Association rule mining suggests that nurses and doctors who had a 'great-extent-of-confidence' in handling suspected COVID-19 patients had participated in COVID-19 training courses. Male participants (mean difference = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.46; p<0.001) and nurses (mean difference = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.81; p<0.001) had higher preparedness scores compared to women participants and doctors. INTERPRETATION: There was an unsurprising high level of awareness and preparedness among HCWs who participated in COVID-19 training courses. However, disparity existed along the lines of gender and type of HCW. It is unknown whether the difference in COVID-19 preparedness that we detected early in the pandemic may have translated into disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 burden of disease by gender or HCW type