Civil Obligations with Multiplicity of Persons in Roman Law

Проведено дослідження цивільно-правових зобов’язань з множинністю осіб в римському праві. Проаналізовано часткові, солідарні та корреальні зобов’язання. Здійснено розмежування корреальних та солідарних зобов’язань за римським правом.The research of civil obligations with multiplicity of persons in Roman law. Analyses of partial, joint and several, correal obligations. Done distinction between correal obligations - on the one hand and joint and several obligations - on the other hand under Roman law.Проведено исследование гражданско-правовых обязательств с множественностью лиц в римском праве. Проанализированы долевые, солидарные и корреальные обязательства. Осуществлено разграничение корреальных и солидарных обязательств в римском праве

Genetic Influences on Brain Gene Expression in Rats Selected for Tameness and Aggression

Inter-individual differences in many behaviors are partly due to genetic differences, but the identification of the genes and variants that influence behavior remains challenging. Here, we studied an F2 intercross of two outbred lines of rats selected for tame and aggressive behavior towards humans for more than 64 generations. By using a mapping approach that is able to identify genetic loci segregating within the lines, we identified four times more loci influencing tameness and aggression than by an approach that assumes fixation of causative alleles, suggesting that many causative loci were not driven to fixation by the selection. We used RNA sequencing in 150 F2 animals to identify hundreds of loci that influence brain gene expression. Several of these loci colocalize with tameness loci and may reflect the same genetic variants. Through analyses of correlations between allele effects on behavior and gene expression, differential expression between the tame and aggressive rat selection lines, and correlations between gene expression and tameness in F2 animals, we identify the genes Gltscr2, Lgi4, Zfp40 and Slc17a7 as candidate contributors to the strikingly different behavior of the tame and aggressive animals

CLIMATE CHANGE, DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND RESILIENCE

Climate change increases the risks of instability in all its forms, and significantly affects the frequency and intensity of natural threats. In the last two decades, 90 percent of the world\u27s major disasters were caused by events such as heat waves, floods, and weather-related droughts. The 2019 Disaster Risk Assessment for the Republic of Croatia for 10 out of 15 simple risks determined that climate change affected their occurrence. Climate change also affects complex risks, especially in urban areas. Therefore, when assessing the impact of climate change on the environment, it is necessary to consider the impact they have on disaster risks. Disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation have a common area of interest, partly overlapping, and activities to strengthen resilience and to prepare a response system require joint efforts and cooperation

The role of the Civil Protection System in managing the crisis caused by the Covid-19 disease epidemic

IntroductionFrom the very beginning of the emergence and spread of the coronavirus in the city of Wuhan in China, the Civil Protection Directorate, through the Civil Protection Operations Center, together with the relevant international and national institutions, monitored and was involved in information exchange processes and undertook preparatory activities in the event of the emergence of the virus in our country.The appearance of the first patient in Croatia was a sufficient signal for the prompt reaction of the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the active involvement of the Civil Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Interior and the entire civil protection system, which with its daily continuous actions supported the health system in the fight against the spread of the coronavirus. MethodologyThis paper elaborates the role of the civil protection system in the management of the crisis caused by the epidemic of the disease COVID-19, whereby the emphasis is placed on: activating the national and local headquarters of civil protection, the establishment of the logistics center of the Civil Protection Directorate, participation in setting up and equipping additional capacities for the needs of medical institutions , distribution of vaccines and implementation of vaccinations, timely and transparent crisis communication, continuous supervision over the implementation of measures prescribed by the Decisions of the Civil Protection Headquarters of the Republic of Croatia and international cooperation in the framework of civil protection (bilaterally and through the Union civil protection mechanism).The paper was prepared with the aim of presenting the chronology of the development of the epidemic in Croatia from the beginning in January 2020 until the official end of the pandemic worlwide as well as in the Republic of Croatia. The key question is how and in what way Croatia approached the epidemic and what were its responses, which took place in several cycles. Conclusion Aware of the fact that this was a crisis of global proportions, the activities and efforts of the civil protection system were undertaken in accordance with the Decisions of the Civil Protection Headquarters of the Republic of Croatia, based on the opinion and assessment of the health profession, with the primary goal of protecting the health and lives of citizens, but also maintaining the functioning of the economyThe mutual cooperation of national and local bodies, civil protection headquarters, professional working groups and other experts is of key importance for a successful fight against the coronavirus

The Contributions of Teacher Humor in EFL Classes in Vietnam: University Students’ Perspectives

According to several studies on English teaching and learning, English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers tend to avoid humor in their classrooms. However, many studies have shown that teachers’ sense of humor plays an essential role in EFL students’ learning process. Therefore, this study utilizing a mixed-method design was conducted to determine students’ perceptions of the impact of teachers’ humor (TH) on their learning. Data were collected through a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale comprising twenty-one items and semi-structured interviews. The study involved 158 university students in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Quantitative data from the questionnaire were analyzed by using SPSS 20.0, and data from the interviews were analyzed according to themes. The survey results revealed that the students showed positive attitudes toward the effects of TH in EFL classrooms, especially reducing boredom (M=4.59), strengthening teacher-student rapport (M=4.53), decreasing sleepiness (M=4.47), promoting students’ cheerfulness (M=4.47), increasing students’ consciousness (M=4.46), and solving conflicts in classrooms (M=4.42). Additionally, non-majored students were appreciated for TH more than their counterparts. Moreover, students’ perceptions positively correlated with their gender. The interviews also showed that cultural factors affected the effectiveness of TH in EFL classes. EFL teachers are encouraged to use TH in their classes in order to foster its benefits. However, careful consideration should be taken before using TH in teaching different students with different learning styles or characteristics

The role of the civil protection system in supporting the healthcare system in the fight against COVID-19

Pojava prvog oboljelog u Hrvatskoj bio je dovoljan signal za promptnu reakcije Vlade RH i aktivnog uključivanja Ravnateljstva civilne zaštite i cijelog sustava civilne zaštite u sprječavanje širenja koronavirusa. U ovoj dugoj i neizvjesnoj borbi protiv COVID-19, naglasak je stavljen na aktiviranje nacionalnog i lokalnih stožera civilne zaštite, uspostavu Logističkog centra Ravnateljstva civilne zaštite, sudjelovanje u postavljanju i opremanju dodatnih kapaciteta za potrebe medicinskih ustanova, distribuciju cjepiva i provedbu cijepljenja, pravovremeno i transparentno krizno komuniciranje, kontinuirane nadzore nad provođenjem mjera iz odluka te međunarodnu suradnju u okviru civilne zaštite. Može se reći da je Hrvatska pronašla način kako se uspješno boriti protiv ove zdravstvene krize svjetskih razmjera, čemu je uvelike doprinijela suradnja nacionalnih i lokalnih tijela, stožera civilne zaštite, stručnih radnih skupina i drugih eksperata te građana Republike Hrvatske.The appearance of the first infected person in Croatia was a sufficient signal for the prompt reaction of the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the active involvement of the Civil Protection Directorate and the entire civil protection system in preventing the spread of the coronavirus. During this long and uncertain fight against COVID-19, emphasis was placed on the activation of national and local civil protection headquarters, the establishment of the Logistic Center of the Civil Protection Directorate, the participation in setting up and equipping additional capacities for the needs of medical institutions, the distribution of vaccines and the implementation of vaccinations, timely and transparent crisis communication, continuous supervision over the implementation of measures defined in decisions and on international cooperation within the framework of civil protection. It can be said that Croatia found a way to successfully fight this global health crisis, this was greatly due to by the cooperation of national and local bodies, civil protection headquarters, expert working groups and other experts, and the citizens of the Republic of Croatia

Odrednice stavova prema ženama u vojsci

In recent decades, an increasing number of women are joining the military, which has been historically a male-dominated institution. This study examined attitudes toward women in the military and the factors associated with them. The study was conducted on a random sample of 895 active service members from the Croatian Armed Forces (445 men and 450 women). The study findings indicate a moderately high approval of women in the military, but with the existence of significant gender differences. Men expressed more negative attitudes toward women in the military when compared to women. In addition, the results of the regression analyses indicated that, among men, hostile sexism, satisfaction with professional contacts with women in the military, and professional status were significantly associated with their attitudes toward women in the military. The results also showed that, among women, hostile sexism, frequency of professional contacts with other women, and educational level were significantly associated with their attitudes toward women in the military. The study findings reveal insights into gender relations in the previously unexplored socio-cultural military context, and have implications for research and practice in the Croatian military. However, this study could also contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of gender issues within NATO, and could encourage the development of new theoretical models and cross-cultural research.Posljednjih se desetljeća sve veći broj žena priključuje vojsci, instituciji kojom su povijesno gledano dominirali muškarci. Ovim su istraživanjem ispitane odrednice stavova prema ženama u vojsci, a istraživanje je provedeno na slučajnom uzorku 895 pripadnika djelatnog sastava Hrvatske vojske (445 muškaraca i 450 žena). Nalazi istraživanja ukazuju na umjereno visok stupanj odobravanja žena u vojsci, ali uz postojanje značajnih rodnih razlika. Muškarci su u usporedbi sa ženama izražavali negativnije stavove prema ženama u vojsci. Rezultati regresijskih analiza pokazali su da su među muškarcima hostilni seksizam, zadovoljstvo profesionalnim kontaktima sa ženama u vojsci te profesionalni status značajno povezani s njihovim stavovima prema ženama u vojsci. Rezultati su također pokazali da su kod žena hostilni seksizam, učestalost profesionalnih kontakata s drugim ženama te razina obrazovanja značajno povezani s njihovim stavovima prema ženama u vojsci. Nalazi istraživanja donose uvide u rodne odnose unutar ranije neistraživanog sociokulturnog vojnog konteksta te imaju implikacije za istraživanje i praksu u Hrvatskoj vojsci. Ujedno, mogli bi doprinijeti i boljem razumijevanju složenosti rodnih pitanja unutar NATO-a te potaknuti razvoj novih teorijskih modela i budućih međukulturnih istraživanja