A New Genus and Two New Species of Unarmed Hymenolepidid Cestodes (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Geomyid Rodents in Mexico and Costa Rica

Two new cestodes of the family Hymenolepididae are described from two species of rodents of the family Geomyidae collected in Mexico and Costa Rica. One new species of Hymenolepis is described from Cratogeomys planiceps Merriam 1895 from near Toluca, Mexico and another that we allocate to a new genus is described from Heterogeomys heterodus (Peters, 1865) from near Irazú Volcano, Costa Rica. Hymenolepis s. str. includes those Hymenolepididae with an apical organ, with no hooks on suckers or apical organ, and three testes. Hobergia irazuensis n. gen., n. sp. includes a hymenolepidid with an apical organ, unarmed scolex, small pockets termed foveolae, in which the suckers completely retract, and extremely bi-lobed ovary. Multivariate morphometric analysis showed good separation of these species from all other hymenolepidids possessing an apical organ and lacking a well developed rostellum and rostellar hooks in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions

モンゴル人における歯科X線画像を用いた年齢推定式の検討

要約のみTohoku University佐々木啓一課

Migration Gravity of Ulaanbaatar and Its Consequences

Katedra demografie a geodemografieDepartment of Demography and GeodemographyFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Before the Pandemic Ends: Making Sure This Never Happens Again

Introduction On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Global Health Emergency of international concern attendant to the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2, nearly two months after the first reported emergence of human cases in Wuhan, China. In the subsequent two months, global, national and local health personnel and infrastructures have been overwhelmed, leading to suffering and death for infected people, and the threat of socio-economic instability and potential collapse for humanity as a whole. This shows that our current and traditional mode of coping, anchored in responses after the fact, is not capable of dealing with the crisis of emerging infectious disease. Given all of our technological expertise, why is there an emerging disease crisis, and why are we losing the battle to contain and diminish emerging diseases? Part of the reason is that the prevailing paradigm explaining the biology of pathogen-host associations (coevolution, evolutionary arms races) has assumed that pathogens must evolve new capacities - special mutations – in order to colonize new hosts and produce emergent disease (e.g. Parrish and Kawaoka, 2005). In this erroneous but broadly prevalent view, the evolution of new capacities creates new opportunities for pathogens. Further, given that mutations are both rare and undirected, the highly specialized nature of pathogen-host relationships should produce an evolutionary firewall limiting dissemination; by those definitions, emergences should be rare (for a historical review see Brooks et al., 2019). Pathogens, however, have become far better at finding us than our traditional understanding predicts. We face considerable risk space for pathogens and disease that directly threaten us, our crops and livestock – through expanding interfaces bringing pathogens and hosts into increasing proximity, exacerbated by environmental disruption and urban density, fueled by globalized trade and travel. We need a new paradigm that explains what we are seeing. Additional section headers: The Stockholm Paradigm The DAMA Protocol A Sense of Urgency and Long-Term Commitment Reference

Regulation of memory CD4+ T cell generation by intrinsic and extrinsic IL-27 signaling during malaria infection

長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第1638号 [学位授与年月日]令和6年9月4日(2024-09-04)thesi

The Involvement of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Dysfunction in the Angiographically Defined Coronary Atherosclerotic Patients

Objectives: To evaluate the levels of endothelial progenitor cell-colony forming units in the angiographically defined coronary atherosclerotic patients. Methods: The 10 ml blood was drawn from the peripheral vein of 12-man patients that 4-stable angina, 4 acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and 4 healthy people. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation and EPC-CFUs was assayed after two plating and a 6-day culture on fibronectin-coated, 72 well plates, as described. eNOS enzyme titers were determined by ELISA according to the protocol in the cell culture. Results: The people were 52 ± 2.12 years. The number of EPC-CFUs increases with the accordance of patients with stable angina, AMI, healthy people with the statistical significance (H = 15.8, p < 0.001): stable angina (2.6 ± 0.47 colony/well), AMI (6.7 ± 0.81 colony/well), healthy people (10.5 ± 1.34 colony/well). Furthermore, the Kruskal–Wallis test of eNOS enzyme levels in patients with stable angina (5.2 ± 0.61 pg/ml), AMI (8.7 ± 1.49 pg/ml), and healthy people (13.7 ± 2.48 pg/ml). The significant difference (H = 5.7, p < 0.010) was observed among the three groups. The number of EPC-CFUs had a direct significant correlation (r = 0.621, p < 0.001) with the eNOS enzyme levels of this culture. Conclusions: The number of EPC-CFUs and eNOS enzyme levels decrease at patients with stable angina, indicate more than endothelial dysfunction

Helminth and Protozoan Parasites of Subterranean Rodents (Chordata, Mammalia, Rodentia) of the World

Published studies and ten new unpublished records included herein reveal that approximately 174 species of endoparasites (helminths and protozoans) are known from 65 of 163 species of rodents that occupy the subterranean ecotope globally. Of those, 94 endoparasite species were originally described from these rodents. A total of 282 host-parasite associations are summarized from four major zoogeographic regions including Ethiopian, Palearctic/Oriental, Nearctic, and Neotropical. Thirty-four parasite records from the literature have been identified to only the level of the genus. In this summary, ten new records have been added, and the most current taxonomic status of each parasite species is noted. Interestingly, there are no data on endoparasites from more than 68% of described subterranean rodents, which indicates that discovery and documentation are at an early stage and must continue

A New Genus and Two New Species of Unarmed Hymenolepidid Cestodes (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Geomyid Rodents in Mexico and Costa Rica

Two new cestodes of the family Hymenolepididae are described from two species of rodents of the family Geomyidae collected in Mexico and Costa Rica. One new species of Hymenolepis is described from Cratogeomys planiceps Merriam 1895 from near Toluca, Mexico and another that we allocate to a new genus is described from Heterogeomys heterodus (Peters, 1865) from near Irazú Volcano, Costa Rica. Hymenolepis s. str. includes those Hymenolepididae with an apical organ, with no hooks on suckers or apical organ, and three testes. Hobergia irazuensis n. gen., n. sp. includes a hymenolepidid with an apical organ, unarmed scolex, small pockets termed foveolae, in which the suckers completely retract, and extremely bi-lobed ovary. Multivariate morphometric analysis showed good separation of these species from all other hymenolepidids possessing an apical organ and lacking a well developed rostellum and rostellar hooks in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions