汽水域における鮎のエサ釣り －高知県中土佐町久礼川－

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Environmental History of Waterfront Life －Folk Cultures in Brackish Water Environments－

This joint research focuses on brackish water environments. Many of the coastal environments of the Japanese archipelago, such as estuaries, lagoons ― parts of back swamps ― and semi-enclosed bays, are in brackish water areas, where freshwater and sea water mix. Being low-lying, marshy and mixed with salt water, these areas are barren land where people usually do not live, and have been regarded as poor soil that must be transformed by, for example, developing new rice fields.　However, this is how brackish water areas have been looked at mainly by those in governments. It goes without saying that historians depending on records and statistics kept for governments have looked at these areas in the same way. How will brackish water environments look if examined from the viewpoints of people who have lived there instead of the viewpoints of researchers and those in governments ? This question gave our joint research a purpose : presenting a new image of brackish water environments.　This paper has been compiled as an interim report, and consists of articles by the following five joint researchers :　Yasumuro Satoru has drawn up an outline of the history of research on brackish water conducted to date, and presented a definition of brackish water at this point for us to carry out our joint research. He has also reported on fisheries characteristic of downstream brackish water areas and brackish lakes, and examined contemporary issues concerning brackish water, relating these issues to environmental issues.　Matsuda Mutsuhiko has reviewed folklore research conducted to date on the impacts of brackish lakes on fisheries, taking into account the achievements of ecology. He has also conducted a preliminary study to clarify a relationship between various fishery methods employed in brackish lakes and the lives of people involved in fisheries there.　Yamamoto Shino looks at commercial activities linked to brackish lakes. On Daikon Island in Nakaumi, a brackish lake on the border between Shimane and Tottori prefectures, many women peddled peony seedlings from the 1960s to the 70s. She has used various reports compiled in the 1950s as texts to review the livelihood on Daikon Island from the prewar to postwar years and examine why the peddling started.　Kawashima Shuichi studies ria coast bays, which are brackish water environments. As ria coasts, where rivers flow directly into the sea from mountains, create nutrient-rich brackish water environments, many kinds of fish are attracted to ria coast bays. He has reported on the history of fisheries from the early modern period, including competing interests such as salt farming in bay areas that tried to eliminate brackish water environments and mullet net fishing that took advantage of brackish water environments, in villages facing Kesennuma Bay in Miyagi Prefecture, a typical ria coast brackish bay.　Lastly, Tsunemitsu Toru looks at fisheries techniques used in brackish water areas at estuaries. Although sweetfish bait fishing is a fisheries technique noticeable in brackish water areas, little attention has been paid to it in the field of folklore. He has reported on bait fishing in the Kure River in Nakatosa Town, Kochi Prefecture, from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s based on his own experiences.① 水上生活者の歴史的変容（水上生活班） ② 汽水域の民俗文化（汽水班

Preoperative Albumin-to-Globulin Ratio Predicts Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cohort Study Including Non-Hepatitis Virus-Infected Patients

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We evaluated the prognostic significance of the preoperative albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with various liver etiologies. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We retrospectively analyzed 157 patients with HCC between July 2010 and February 2021. The relationship between clinicopathological variables was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Statistical significance was set at &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.05. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The mean overall survival (OS) was 24.5 months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 90.4%, 81.2%, and 68.7%, respectively. Patients were classified into 2 groups: AGR &amp;#x3c;1.16 (low-AGR group; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 43) and AGR ≥1.16 (high-AGR group; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 114). In univariate analysis, OS was significantly reduced in patients with a low AGR (AGR &amp;#x3c;1.16), an alpha-fetoprotein level ≥25 ng/mL, a tumor size ≥3.5 cm, microvascular invasion, and poor tumor differentiation. In multivariate analysis, a low AGR (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]) (2.394 [1.092–5.213]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.030) and microvascular invasion (2.268 [1.019–5.169]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.045) were independent predictors of OS. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Discussion/Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A low AGR was significantly associated with poor OS in patients with HCC, regardless of liver etiology. This may assist in treatment stratification and better management of patients with HCC. </jats:p

A Combined Prediction Model for Biliary Tract Cancer using the Prognostic Nutritional Index and Pathological Findings: A Single-center Retrospective Study

Abstract Background: The prognostic nutritional index, a marker of nutritional status and systemic inflammation, is a known biomarker for various cancers. However, few studies have evaluated the predictive value of the prognostic nutritional index in patients with biliary tract cancer. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic significance of the prognostic nutritional index and developed a risk-stratification system to identify prognostic factors in patients with biliary tract cancer.Methods: Between July 2010 and March 2021, 117 patients with biliary tract cancer were recruited to this single-center retrospective study. The relationship between clinicopathological variables, including the prognostic nutritional index and overall survival, was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The median age was 75 (range, 38–92) years. Thirty patients had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; 29, gallbladder carcinoma; 28, distal cholangiocarcinoma; 16, ampullary carcinoma; and 13, perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. R0 resection was achieved in 99 patients. In univariate analysis, the prognostic nutritional index (&lt; 42), lymph node metastasis, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level (&gt; 20 U/mL), preoperative cholangitis, tumor differentiation, operation time (≥ 360 minutes), and R1–2 resection were significant risk factors for overall survival. The prognostic nutritional index (P = 0.007), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.024), and tumor differentiation (P = 0.008) were independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis. A combined score of the prognostic nutritional index and pathological findings outperformed each marker alone, in terms of discriminatory power.Conclusions: The prognostic nutritional index, lymph node metastasis, and tumor differentiation were independent prognostic predictors after surgical resection in patients with biliary tract cancer. A combined prediction model using the prognostic nutritional index and pathological findings accurately predicted prognosis and can be applied as a novel prognostic indicator for patients with biliary tract cancer.</jats:p

A combined prediction model for biliary tract cancer using the prognostic nutritional index and pathological findings: a single-center retrospective study

Abstract Background The prognostic nutritional index, a marker of nutritional status and systemic inflammation, is a known biomarker for various cancers. However, few studies have evaluated the predictive value of the prognostic nutritional index in patients with biliary tract cancer. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic significance of the prognostic nutritional index, and developed a risk-stratification system to identify prognostic factors in patients with biliary tract cancer. Methods Between July 2010 and March 2021, 117 patients with biliary tract cancer were recruited to this single-center, retrospective study. The relationship between clinicopathological variables, including the prognostic nutritional index, and overall survival was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. A P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The median age was 75 (range 38–92) years. Thirty patients had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; 29, gallbladder carcinoma; 27, distal cholangiocarcinoma; 17, ampullary carcinoma; and 13, perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Curative (R0) resection was achieved in 99 patients. In univariate analysis, the prognostic nutritional index (&lt; 42), lymph node metastasis, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level (&gt; 20 U/mL), preoperative cholangitis, tumor differentiation, operation time (≥ 360 min), and R1–2 resection were significant risk factors for overall survival. The prognostic nutritional index (P = 0.027), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.040), and tumor differentiation (P = 0.006) were independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. A combined score of the prognostic nutritional index and pathological findings outperformed each marker alone, in terms of discriminatory power. Conclusions The prognostic nutritional index, lymph node metastasis, and tumor differentiation were independent prognostic factors after surgical resection in patients with biliary tract cancer. A combined prediction model using the prognostic nutritional index and pathological findings accurately predicted prognosis, and can be used as a novel prognostic factor in patients with biliary tract cancer. </jats:sec

Environmental History of Life in Brackish Water Areas

第三期共同研究活動報