International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Computational fluid dynamic modelling of maxillary sinus irrigation after maxillary antrostomy and modified endoscopic medial maxillectomy

AbstractObjectiveFor recalcitrant chronic maxillary sinusitis, modified endoscopic medial maxillectomy has been shown to be clinically beneficial after failed maxillary antrostomy as endoscopic medial maxillectomy may offer improved topical therapy delivery. This study compared irrigation patterns after maxillary antrostomy versus endoscopic medial maxillectomy, using computational fluid dynamic modelling.Case reportA 54-year-old female with left chronic maxillary sinusitis underwent maxillary antrostomy, followed by endoscopic medial maxillectomy. Computational fluid dynamic models were created after each surgery and used to simulate irrigations.ResultsAfter maxillary antrostomy, irrigation penetrated the maxillary sinus at 0.5 seconds, initially contacting the posterior wall. The maxillary sinus was half-filled at 2 seconds, and completely filled at 4 seconds. After endoscopic medial maxillectomy, irrigation penetrated the maxillary sinus at 0.5 seconds and immediately contacted all maxillary sinus walls. The maxillary sinus was completely filled by 2 seconds.ConclusionComputational fluid dynamic modelling demonstrated that endoscopic medial maxillectomy allowed faster, more forceful irrigation to all maxillary sinus walls compared with maxillary antrostomy.</jats:sec

Pathology quiz: Oncocytic cyst of the ventricular fold

[No abstract available

Formant frequency in relation to body mass composition

Objectives: This study examines the relationship between total body mass composition and vowel formant frequency and formant dispersion in men. Methods: A total of 60 healthy male volunteers were recruited. Formant frequencies and dispersions of F1, F2, F3, and F4 for the vowels -α- and -i:- were determined using spectrographic analysis. Results: The mean height and weight were 179.17 cm and 80.53 kg, respectively, with fat-free weight averaging to 67.02 kg (65.5percent in the extremities vs 16.7percent in the trunk). The body mass index (BMI) was 25.5 ± 3.34 kg-m2. For the vowel -α-, F1 and F4 correlated poorly with weight and trunk fat-free mass. There was also a poor negative correlation between F4 and muscle mass and body fat-free mass (r andlt; 0.36). For the -i:- vowel, there was a weak negative correlation between F2, F3, and F4 and height (r = -0.260, -0.299, and -0.320, respectively). Similarly, there was a negative correlation between F2 and muscle mass, trunk fat-free mass, and body fat-free mass (r = -0.291, -0.276, and -0.272, respectively). For the vowel -α-, F1-F2 interspace correlated positively with fat weight, fat mass in the extremities, and trunk (r = 0.313, 0.350, and 0.264, respectively), whereas F2-F3 negatively correlated with weight (r = -0.255). For the -i:- vowel, only F1-F2 negatively correlated with weight and BMI (r = -0.297 and -0.281). Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between body mass composition, formant frequencies, and dispersions. All the correlations were poor with r values less than 0.36. © 2013 The Voice Foundation.Baken RJ, 1998, VOCAL HLTH PEDAGOGY, P27; Bruckert L, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P83, DOI 10.1098-rspb.2005.3265; da Cunha MGB, 2011, OBES SURG, V21, P340, DOI 10.1007-s11695-009-9959-7; Evans S, 2006, BIOL PSYCHOL, V72, P160, DOI 10.1016-j.biopsycho.2005.09.003; Fitch WT, 1999, J ACOUST SOC AM, V106, P1511, DOI 10.1121-1.427148; Fitch WT, 1997, J ACOUST SOC AM, V102, P1213, DOI 10.1121-1.421048; FITCH WT, 1995, AM J PRIMATOL, V37, P191, DOI 10.1002-ajp.1350370303; Gaur A. S., 2009, STAT METHODS PRACTIC; Gonzalez J, 2004, J PHONETICS, V32, P277, DOI 10.1016-S0095-4470(03)00049-4; KUNZEL HJ, 1989, PHONETICA, V46, P117; LASS NJ, 1978, J ACOUST SOC AM, V63, P1218, DOI 10.1121-1.381808; MUELLER PB, 1985, FOLIA PHONIATR, V37, P134; Solomon Nancy Pearl, 2011, Seminars in Speech and Language, V32, P31, DOI 10.1055-s-0031-1271973; Sundberg J., 1998, VOCAL HLTH PEDAGOGY, P47; Tanita BC, 2002, 418 MA INSTR MAN TEC; vanDommelen WA, 1995, LANG SPEECH, V38, P2671