Indigenous collective land titling and the creation of leftovers: Insights from Paraguay and Cambodia

Collective land titling often drags on for decades, while private land concessions and holdings do not face the same problem, creating ‘leftovers’ of land available for Indigenous peoples to attempt to collectively title. In two ethnographic case studies in Cambodia and Paraguay, we analyse community‐based Indigenous land titling by focusing on the on‐the‐ground dynamics of property relations, Indigenous livelihood shifts and ecological change. In both countries, large agricultural players implemented a staggering change in local landscapes through deforestation, configuring new realities that in turn feed into local environments and titling processes. Adapting their livelihoods to living in the leftovers, in Cambodia, the Indigenous Bunong shifted from rice to rubber as they navigated the slow titling process. In Paraguay, some Indigenous Guarani shifted from corn to cattle by renting out their collectively titled land. The case studies show that the liberal titling approach to secure Indigenous lands overestimates the ability of title to remove land from capitalist logics such as the push to rent or sell, while some spaces of autonomy are opened. We critique the liberal approaches to formalising title, where Indigenous struggles for their ways of life are funnelled into fighting for collective property

Time as the Enemy? Disjointed Timelines and Uneven Rhythms of Indigenous Collective Land Titling in Paraguay and Cambodia

Indigenous Land law reforms in Paraguay and Cambodia proposed collective land titling to secure land tenure through community ownership. When we look at land formalization through a temporal lens, we see the on-the-ground dynamics of how communal title may or may not be achieved by examining the ethnographic case studies of Guarani and Bunong land titling. We argue that the temporality of land titling processes creates disjointed, shifting timelines mediated by relationships of power and disrupted by fast-tracked private and state concessions. This uneven relationship between time and titling interrupts, undermines and fragments Indigenous land possession with serious ecological and livelihood impacts

Nunca dejamos de ser Paĩ: estudio de caso sobre las tierras recuperadas por los Paĩ Tavyterã Guaraní en Paraguay

En este estudio presento el caso de la recuperación de tierras por parte de una comunidad Paĩ Tavyterã en Amambay que fueron tituladas por una misión evangélica escandinava en la década de 1970. En vista de los conflictos por la tierra en Paraguay, rastreo este proceso histórico para arrojar luz sobre la cooperación y las tensiones entre los Paĩ, las ONGs, la misión evangélica, el administrador paraguayo, y el marco jurídico del país. El caso revela algunas tensiones a nivel de base que hoy en día siguen vigentes en la resistencia frente acaparamiento de tierras. Este estudio permite historizar las prácticas actuales de los Guaraní y las ONG en cuanto a sus reclamos jurídicos

Didactic Solo Piano Works by Alexandre Tansman.

The musical career of the Polish composer Alexandre Tansman (1897-1986) was multifaceted. He frequently performed as a pianist and conductor, and he composed numerous works for various performance media. Tansman was a well-respected musician, having received during his lifetime many awards and honors for his compositions. Among Tansman\u27s music are numerous didactic works for solo piano. These pieces expose the student to a variety of musical genres and styles, while at the same time providing practical experience in the acquisition of musical and technical skills. This monograph examines the didactic solo piano works of Tansman, focusing primarily on the collections Pour les enfants (1934), Les jeunes au piano (1951), and Happy Time (1960). Following an introductory chapter that briefly outlines Tansman\u27s life and career, Chapter 2 provides a discussion of the genres (dances, barcaroles, marches, etudes) and styles (contrapuntal, blues, ethnic) used by Tansman in his didactic music. Chapter 3 focuses on the technical and musical features found in these works. A final chapter summarizes the information in the previous chapters and contains recommendations for making this music more readily available to piano teachers and students. Three appendices provide supplemental information on Tansman\u27s didactic music. A brief description and list of the contents of each of the collections (including the publishers) is found in Appendix I. Appendix II lists the pieces that are examples of the genres and styles discussed in Chapter 2 (in addition to the works illustrated in that chapter). Appendix III lists the pieces in which the technical and musical features discussed in Chapter 3 are found

PERANCANGAN TATA LETAK FASILITAS UNTUK REVITALISASI USAHA DI UPT RAGAM METAL YOGYAKARTA

UPT Ragam Metal adalah lembaga yang dimiliki oleh Badan Pengembangan Teknologi Tepat Guna (BPTTG) yang dioperasikan untuk memproduksi produk berbahan dasar logam sejak tahun 1981. Produk yang pernah dihasilkan yaitu ember bangunan yang terbuat dari bahan logam. Pada tahun 2000an, Pemerintah mengimbau masyarakat untuk mengganti penggunaan kompor minyak menjadi kompor gas. Tahun 2005 UPT Ragam Metal berhenti melakukan produksi, tetapi masih ada beberapa alat dan mesin yang masih layak untuk digunakan. Pada tahun 2018, dilakukan revitalisasi UPT Ragam Metal untuk memproduksi produk dengan berbahan logam. Penelitian sebelumnya menghasilkan hasil riset pasar serta analisis proses produk, kapasitas mesin, perancangan stasiun kerja, sehingga langkah selanjutnya adalah merancang tata letak untuk UPT Ragam Metal. Merevitalisasi UPT Ragam Metal diperlukan perencanaan ulang tata letak dan fasilitas, supaya dapat mendukung proses produksi yang akan dilakukan. Perancangan tata letak ini dilakukan menggunakan Metode Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) dan diperjelas langkah-langkahnya dengan Metode Meyers. Langkah-langkah pada SLP digunakan untuk mengolah data dan menghasilkan beberapa alternatif tata letak usulan yang dapat disesuaikan menggunakan BLOCPLAN dan dilanjutkan dengan CRAFT supaya mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik. Penelitian tentang perancangan tata letak fasilitas ini menghasilkan sebuah tata letak yang baru, dimana Mesin Punch Baru ikut disertakan. Luas area yang dibutuhkan untuk perancangan sebesar 63 m2. Tata letak yang baru dipilih dari total cost terkecil yang dihasilkan oleh perangkat lunak CRAFT, yaitu sebesar Rp 520.717,60. Kata Kunci: Layout, Tata Letak, UPT Ragam Metal, SLP, Meyers, BLOCPLAN, CRAFT

‘Look into the Book of Life’: Muslim musicians, Sufism, and postmodern spirituality in Britain

Spirituality has been theorised as a characteristic of late-modern society, a consequence of individualisation and of a relativized marketplace of religion. Drawing on findings from ethnographic fieldwork conducted with Muslim musicians in the UK, the author claims that spirituality can indeed be considered a postmodern discourse of belief – with trans-religious applicability – but that at the same time it can be articulated from within a clear understanding of group/religious membership. The concepts of ‘spiritual capital’ and ‘expressive communalism’ are used to explain the ways through which a postmodern discourse of spirituality is utilised by Muslim musicians from within contemporary networks of Sufism in the West. The author suggests that the cosmopolitan and inclusive nature of these types of Sufism in Britain – particularly amongst third and fourth generation Muslims – represents a frontier of religious change in the UK and a challenge to traditional forms of religious authority, discourse and membership

Si eres ladrón, eres ladrón: Experiencias de ocio de jóvenes internos en Valdivia

This investigation analyzes how young men convicted of stealing self-identify as such through the concepts of respect and masculinity at the CIP-CRC Valdivia detention center for minors. The research was carried out from June-Dec 2020. Through ethnography and participatory art projects, the study explores their codes, slang and lack of participation in the center’s workshops. Based on the results, we propose establishing a collaborative system of responsibility with the young inmates, considering the framework of respect and masculinity.Esta investigación analiza la construcción identitaria de jóvenes ladrones insertos en el centro de reclusión para menores CIP-CRC Valdivia a través de los conceptos de respeto y masculinidad. La investigación se realizó el año 2020 durante los meses de junio a diciembre. Mediante la etnografía, la investigación participativa y el arte, se propuso llegar a la comprensión de sus códigos, jergas y la poca adherencia a las actividades formativas del centro. Desde los resultados, se propone que un trabajo participativo con los jóvenes internos, considerando el marco de sus conceptos de respeto y masculinidad, podría mejorar su participación en talleres formativos

The Psychology of Charitable Donations to Disaster Victims and Beyond

This contribution summarises the literature on the psychology of charitable donations to victims of disasters and other unfortunate circumstances. Four distinct research areas are reviewed. We begin with the literature on donations in general, and then move to the literature on donations to disaster victims specifically, which is what most of our own research has focussed on. We then review the literature on intergroup prosociality, because many donations occur in some kind of intergroup context. We then cover some of the main insights from the literature on generic prosocial processes, which has generated insights which are generalizable to donations and have applied implications. Finally, we summarise some of the main recommendations for eliciting donations which can be generated from these literatures. An emphasis is placed on the translation of academic knowledge into practical steps which practitioners might find useful

Re‐evaluation of celluloses E 460(i), E 460(ii), E 461, E 462, E 463, E 464, E 465, E 466, E 468 and E 469 as food additives

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)), powdered cellulose (E 460(ii)), methyl cellulose (E 461), ethyl cellulose (E 462), hydroxypropyl cellulose (E 463), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (E 464), ethyl methyl cellulose (E 465), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466) and enzymatically hydrolysed carboxy methyl cellulose (E 469) as food additives. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) ‘not specified’ for unmodified and modified celluloses. Celluloses are not absorbed and are excreted intact in the faeces; in addition, microcrystalline cellulose, powdered and modified celluloses could be fermented by the intestinal flora in animals and humans. Specific toxicity data were not always available for all the celluloses evaluated in the present opinion and for all endpoints. Given their structural, physicochemical and biological similarities, the Panel considered it possible to read-across between all the celluloses. The acute toxicity of celluloses was low and there was no genotoxic concern. Short-term and subchronic dietary toxicity studies performed with E 460(i), E 461, E 462, E 463, E 464, E 466 and E 469 at levels up to 10% did not indicate specific treatment related adverse effects. In chronic toxicity studies performed with E 460(i), E 461, E 463, E 464, E 465 and E 466, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) values reported ranged up to 9,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day. No carcinogenic properties were detected for microcrystalline cellulose and modified celluloses. Adverse effects on reproductive performance or developmental effects were not observed with celluloses at doses greater than 1,000 mg/kg bw by gavage (often the highest dose tested). The combined exposure to celluloses (E 460–466, E 468 and E 469) at 95th percentile of the refined (brand-loyal) exposure assessment for the general population was up to 506 mg/kg bw per day. The Panel concluded that there was no need for a numerical ADI and that there would be no safety concern at the reported uses and use levels for the unmodified and modified celluloses (E 460(i); E 460(ii); E 461–466; E 468 and E 469). The Panel considered an indicative total exposure of around 660–900 mg/kg bw per day for microcrystalline, powdered and modified celluloses