Polarization properties of a symmetrical and asymmetrical nonreciprocal chiral photonic bandgap structure with defect

The polarization properties of perfectly periodical and defective one-dimensional photonic bandgap structures with nonreciprocal chiral (bi-isotropic) layers are studied. The method of solution is based on the 2x2-block-representation transfer-matrix formulation. Numerical simulations are carried out for different type of structures (symmetrical or asymmetrical) in order to reveal the dependence of the reflection and transmission coefficients on frequency, chirality, nonreciprocity parameters, and the angle of wave incidence.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure

All-dielectric resonant metasurfaces with a strong toroidal response

We demonstrate how to create all-dielectric metasurfaces with a strong toroidal response by arranging two types of nanodisks into asymmetric quadrumer clusters. We demonstrate that a strong axial toroidal response of the metasurface is related to conditions of the trapped (dark) mode that is excited due the symmetry breaking in the cluster. We study the correlation between the toroidal response and asymmetry in the metasurface and nanocluster geometries, which appears from the different diameters of nanodisks or notches introduced into the nanodisks.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

Polarization transformations by a magneto-photonic layered structure in vicinity of ferromagnetic resonance

The polarization properties of a magnetophotonic crystal at the frequencies located in the vicinity of ferromagnetic resonance are studied. The investigations are curried out taking into consideration the fact that the magnitude of material losses in ferrite layers at this frequency band is significant. The method is based on obtaining a system of ordinary differential equations and further analyzing the stability of solutions of this system. The electromagnetic properties of the structure under study are found out via the analysis of the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix of the structure period. On this basis the boundaries of the stopbands and passbands of the eigenwaves are determined. The frequency and angular dependences of the reflection and transmission coefficients are given. The angle of the rotation of the polarization plane and the ellipticity of the reflected and transmitted fields are obtained.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure

Welfare Generosity and Well-being: Evidence from Canada

"ERDE Research Project"This paper explores the association between provincial welfare generosity and well-being of poor Canadians. The well-being indicators include poverty incidence, depth of poverty, labor supply, time spent with kids, health status, happiness, and education. Using both macro and micro- level data over the years 1989 to 1996 and 1998 to 2009, I examine the link between welfare generosity and poverty. The micro-level information of General Social Survey (GSS) is used to correlate various indicators of well-being with measures of welfare generosity. The analysis of macro-level CANSIM data is used as a robustness check of the poverty estimation using GSS. In this study I considered total welfare generosity as well as the subcategories, social assistance and other social services spending, as the measure of welfare generosity. With regards to poverty, the result suggest no evidence of determinate relationship between total welfare generosity and poverty rate. However, generosity of social services is associated with a lower poverty rate, while generous income assistance is associated with a higher poverty rate. The total welfare generosity shows a significant association with reduction in employment rate and high school dropout rate among the poor. In the case of health, both total welfare generosity and social assistance appear as significant determinants of better health outcome of the poor. Receipt of other social services appear as a significant determinant of poor individuals time spent with kids and happiness

All-optical switching in metamaterial with high structural symmetry

We argue the possibility of realization of a polarization insensitive all-optical switching in a planar metamaterial composed of a 4-fold periodic array of two concentric metal rings placed on a substrate of nonlinear material. It is demonstrated that a switching may be achieved between essentially different values of transmission near the resonant frequency of the high-quality-factor Fano-shape trapped-mode excitation.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure