The determination of atmospheric trace gases using the correlation interferometer technique

The theoretical feasibility inherent in the correlation interferometry technique is demonstrated. High signal to noise and increased information content in a given partial interferogram are attractive features of the technique. The separation of interfering gas species is overcome by a precise measurement program for spectral line parameters of methane and other species. There are optical, mechanical, and electronic difficulties with the interferometry hardware design. Flight data from Cessna 402 over southeastern Virginia during April 1978 yielded amplitude fluctuations that are explainable only as internal nonlinearities. Misalignment of the AGC/interferometer optical axis also contributed to a large error source in the flight data. It is concluded that no useful data on gas burdens was obtained from these flights

Determination of transfer function of COPE correlation interferometer instrument

The comparison of theoretical and instrument response functions and its use as a procedure for determining the transfer function of the COPE correlation interferometer are summarized. Data show qualitative agreement can be obtained when discrepancies between theory and instrument are investigated and instrument components are analyzed in detail. Data were obtained using a set of calibration data and computer algorithms

ATMOS Spacelab 1 science investigation

Existing infrared spectra from high speed interferometer balloon flights were analyzed and experimental analysis techniques applicable to similar data from the ATMOS experiment (Spacelab 3) were investigated. Specific techniques under investigation included line-by-line simulation of the spectra to aid in the identification of absorbing gases, simultaneous retrieval of pressure and temperature profiles using carefully chosen pairs of CO2 absorption lines, and the use of these pressures and temperatures in the retrieval of gas concentration profiles for many absorbing species. A search for a new absorption features was also carried out, and special attention was given to identification of absorbing gases in spectral bandpass regions to be measured by the halogen occultation experiment

“Acts of Pure Evil”: The Portrayal of Mass Shooting Events on Online Media Platforms

As media continues to integrate into everyday life, it is essential to critically examine the media and the messages that are forwarded to the public, who often lack personal knowledge of crime and justice issues, and thus rely on news media to glean information. This effort, also called media criminology, seeks to understand the media and the effect it has on understanding societal issues. This project forwards media criminology by examining online news articles, as media criminology has historically focused on traditional media formats, such as newspaper and television. Online news has surpassed these traditional formats and has become a main source of information, however, information in online news articles can often include opinions alongside facts. As such, this project utilizes a conflict criminology framework to analyze the messages used in the media to achieve hegemony. In order to fully grasp how the media forwards messages about crime and justice issues, eight mass shooting cases were chosen to discover what differences, if any, are present in the representation of mass shooting events across liberal and conservative mainstream news sites and news commentary sites. News sites were chosen based on their comparable consumer traffic and their political orientation as conservative or liberal. Mainstream news sites are those national news sites that are popular and considered reliable sources of information. The two mainstream news sites chosen for this project are NBC News and Fox News. Commentary sites are sites that feature information alongside opinion, and often engage in partisan reporting. The two news commentary sites chosen for analysis are Slate and Breitbart. Once cases and news sites were chosen, a word frequency query was performed on all articles, followed by thematic analysis for the portrayal of offenders and victims, as well as how cases were explained and what policies were forwarded. Results reveal that media bias does exist along political party lines of the news media when representing mass shooting cases. Offenders and victims alike were subjected to sympathetic and unsympathetic themes. Additionally, the explanations and subsequent policy discussions that were forwarded often aligned with the shooters’ motives, but also with the narratives that fit the news site’s political orientation

Fred Twitty

The recollections of Fred Twitty about his time at the Nashville Christian Institute

Glycosome Heterogeneity, Dynamics, and ER Association in Trypanosoma brucei

Trypanosomatid parasites, including Trypanosoma and Leishmania, are the causative agents of lethal diseases threatening millions of people around the world. These organisms compartmentalize glycolysis in essential, specialized peroxisomes called glycosomes. Peroxisome proliferation can occur through growth and division of existing organelles and de novo biogenesis from the endoplasmic reticulum. The level that each pathway contributes is debated. Current evidence supports the concerted contribution of both mechanisms in an equilibrium that can vary depending on environmental conditions and metabolic requirements of the cell. Homologs of a number of peroxins, the proteins involved in peroxisome biogenesis and matrix protein import, have been identified in Trypanosoma brucei. Based on these findings, it is widely accepted that glycosomes proliferate through growth and division of existing organelles; however, to our knowledge a de novo mechanism of biogenesis has not been directly demonstrated. Here we review recent findings that provide support for the existence of an ER derived de novo pathway of glycosome biogenesis in T. brucei. Two studies recently identified PEX13.1, a peroxin involved in matrix protein import, in the ER of T. brucei. In other eukaryotes, peroxins including PEX13 have been found in the ER in cells undergoing de novo biogenesis of peroxisomes. In addition, PEX16 and PEX19 have been characterized in T. brucei, both of which are important for de novo biogenesis in other eukaryotes. Because glycosomes are rapidly remodeled via autophagy during life cycle differentiation, de novo biogenesis could provide a rapid method of restoring glycosome populations following turnover. Together, the findings we summarize provide support for the hypothesis that glycosome proliferation occurs through growth and division of pre-existing organelles and de novo biogenesis from the ER and that the level each mechanism contributes is influenced by glucose availability

A Causal-Comparative Study of the Flipped Classroom: A Blended Learning Approach to Improving Phonemic Awareness for Kindergarten English Language Learners

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of using the flipped classroom model of instruction to increase English language learners’ phonemic awareness compared to English language learners who received instruction using the business-as-usual approach. This quantitative perspective used a causal-comparative approach to measure achievement in developing phonemic awareness for students at risk due to lack of exposure to English language phonemes. The study involved 167 participants who underwent a pre-test to address any initial group differences. One group received flipped model instruction with curriculum-based video lessons, while the other received traditional in-class expository instruction without access to video lessons. Pre-test and post-test assessments from the Measure of Academic Progress (MAP) were utilized to gauge students\u27 phonemic awareness progress. After four weeks, the researcher collected data, which was then analyzed using a two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to determine the impact of flipped instruction on phonemic awareness development. The results of the ANCOVA indicated a statistically significant difference in post-test scores, with students in the traditional instruction group outperforming those in the treatment group. No significant gender-based differences were observed, but a significant interaction emerged when considering setting and gender together. This research contributes to the body of knowledge concerning the effectiveness of flipped classroom instruction and its impact on academic achievement, particularly for English language learners. Future research recommendations include extended learner training, a year-long study, and the development of a modified flipped model tailored to younger learners

Phase II Trial of IL-12 Plasmid Transfection and PD-1 Blockade in Immunologically Quiescent Melanoma.

PurposeTumors with low frequencies of checkpoint positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (cpTIL) have a low likelihood of response to PD-1 blockade. We conducted a prospective multicenter phase II trial of intratumoral plasmid IL-12 (tavokinogene telseplasmid; "tavo") electroporation combined with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced melanoma with low frequencies of checkpoint positive cytotoxic lymphocytes (cpCTL).Patients and methodsTavo was administered intratumorally days 1, 5, and 8 every 6 weeks while pembrolizumab (200 mg, i.v.) was administered every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST, secondary endpoints included duration of response, overall survival and progression-free survival. Toxicity was evaluated by the CTCAE v4. Extensive correlative analysis was done.ResultsThe combination of tavo and pembrolizumab was well tolerated with adverse events similar to those previously reported with pembrolizumab alone. Patients had a 41% ORR (n = 22, RECIST 1.1) with 36% complete responses. Correlative analysis showed that the combination enhanced immune infiltration and sustained the IL-12/IFNγ feed-forward cycle, driving intratumoral cross-presenting dendritic cell subsets with increased TILs, emerging T cell receptor clones and, ultimately, systemic cellular immune responses.ConclusionsThe combination of tavo and pembrolizumab was associated with a higher than expected response rate in this poorly immunogenic population. No new or unexpected toxicities were observed. Correlative analysis showed T cell infiltration with enhanced immunity paralleling the clinical activity in low cpCTL tumors

Migrant or Menace: Media Representations of the Migrant Caravan

In March 2018, the Pueblo Sin Fronteras migrant caravan began making their way to the U.S. border, drawing political and media attention from the United States. News coverage of immigrants and migration events have historically been linked to negative topics and framed as threats to the American way of life. These negative themes emerged against the backdrop of the Trump administration’s response to the caravan, describing migrants as threats to U.S. border security. To examine how the news media portrayed this event, we conducted a summative content analysis of online news articles from CNN and Fox News covering the 2018 Pueblo Sin Fronteras migrant caravan to determine whether variation exists in the representation of the migrant caravan between liberal and conservative mainstream media outlets. Our study reveals that both CNN and Fox participated in agenda setting by framing migrants and the migrant caravan in ways they saw fit.https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gradposters2021_artsletters/1003/thumbnail.jp

Panel. Current Research on Slavery at the University of Mississippi

The March Toward Militancy: Student Aggression and the Slave Community at the University of Mississippi / Chet Bush, University of MississippiThe first thirteen years of the University of Mississippi offer a window through which to observe the activities that characterized the all-male student culture. While community storytellers have imagined a single meeting where students hatched a plan to form a military company in support of the Confederacy, the archives of the university suggest a much longer gestation of violence and militancy. From the founding of the university in 1848 to the start of the war in 1861 students demonstrated an increasingly obsessive preoccupation with asserting authority. Student concern for displaying power grew particularly hostile toward the slave community in the years leading up to the Civil War. This paper charts the march toward militancy that students expressed, chiefly toward enslaved workers, during the first thirteen years of the University of Mississippi.Proslavery and States’ Rights Incubators: Fraternal Debate Societies at the University of Mississippi, 1848-1861 / Andrew Marion, University of MississippiThis presentation will examine how two fraternal debate societies at the University of Mississippi worked as incubators for proslavery and states\u27 rights ideology for the students from 1848 to 1861. Mandatory participation in these societies put students in academic environments that promoted unwavering loyalty to the state of Mississippi and its most sacred institution, slavery. An examination of proslavery rhetoric delivered at the university and debate society meeting minutes and publications will help explain the incredible commitment that the University of Mississippi\u27s students made to defend slavery and the Confederacy.The World the Slaves Made: Slaveholding, Student Wealth, and the Foundations of the University of Mississippi / Anne TwittyWhen fifteen-year-old John Sanders McRaven of Marshall County matriculated at the University of Mississippi in 1849, his father, planter Robert McRaven, was no doubt the animating force. If Robert was the architect of John’s education, however, the sixty-one men, women, and children Robert claimed in the 1850 census were its underwriters. Although scholars have identified many enslaved people who lived on college campuses and examined the centrality of their work at such facilities, little attention has been paid to the enslaved people laboring tens or hundreds of miles from these institutions who nevertheless helped create, facilitate, and maintain them. To address this omission, this paper traces the slaveholdings of the University of Mississippi’s first students through the 1850 census to explore how enslaved black people far removed from the University of Mississippi made possible the scholarly endeavors of free white men at its campus in Oxford