Dominance Over N

Abstract.This paper provides an overview of the b-dominance order over the natural numbers, N, using the base b expansion of natural numbers. The b-dominance order is an accessible partially-ordered set that is less complex than the divisor relation but more complex than ≤; thus, it supplies a good medium through which an undergraduate can be exposed to the subject of order theory. Here we discuss many ideas in order theory, including the Poincaré polynomial and the Möbius function. Acknowledgements: The authors thank the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust and the Pacific Lutheran University Division of Natural Sciences for their generous support. They would also like to extend their thanks to Dr. Tom Edgar for the project idea and all his help throughout their summer program. Page 24 RHIT Undergrad. Math. J., Vol. 14, no. 2

Employing a Modified Diffuser Momentum Model to Simulate Ventilation of the Orion CEV (DRAFT)

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to model the flow field in the Orion CEV cabin. The CFD model employs a momentum model used to account for the effect of supply grilles on the supply flow. The momentum model is modified to account for non-uniform velocity profiles at the approach of the supply grille. The modified momentum model is validated against a detailed vane-resolved model before inclusion into the Orion CEV cabin model. Results for this comparison, as well as that of a single ventilation configuration are presented

Child Development Center- Fire Protection Analysis

This report contains two separate forms of analysis, Prescriptive-Based Analysis and Performance-Base Analysis. The Prescriptive Analysis discusses an overview of the building and its features whereas the Performance-Based Analysis discusses the building meeting applicable codes and standards as discussed in NFPA 101 Life Safety Code 2012 Edition, Unified Facilities Code (UFC), International Building Code (IBC) 2012 Edition, and the SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. The Child Development Center (CDC) was analyzed as a new construction building. There are also noted assumptions within the report where necessary information about the building could not be obtained due to information restrictions from the Government. The building discussed in this report is the Child Development Center (CDC) located in an area titled Murphy Canyon on Naval Base San Diego. Due to the nature of the building and the citizens that utilize it, Common Access Cards (CAC) are required when visiting the building. The CDC is initially considered a Group I-4 Occupancy, but can be labeled as a Group E occupancy due to the building having egress exits in each classroom to the immediate outside. This building has no immediate adjacent building surrounding it. The prescriptive-based analysis within this document confirms that the building meets requirements of NFPA 101 Life Safety Code, NFPA 13, NFPA 17, NFPA 72, NFPA 92, Unified Facilities Code, and IBC. The report is also based on a CDC building expansion, which can be conducted at a later date. The performance-based analysis looks into the possibilities of fires arising in a staff break room. The software that aided this report for modeling each fire scenario is Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The break room fire model involved a runaway coffee pot scenario that spreads to a polyurethane couch. In the event of a failure of the heat detection device located in the break room, the time from detection and notification by the quick response sprinkler would not allow enough time to instruct the occupants to leave the building before untenable conditions occurred. Also, the desired fire suppression system flow demand does not meet the requirement set at 2,000 gpm. The flow test to the building shows a flow rate that is approximately 40 gpm less than the 50% reduction flow rate of the desired 2,000 gpm system demand. One recommendation to the project building would be the installation of a fire pump. Due to the nature of the building owner and operator, limited pictures and as-built drawings could be taken due to security measures

Cmah-dystrophin deficient mdx mice display an accelerated cardiac phenotype that is improved following peptide-PMO exon skipping treatment

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by loss of dystrophin protein, leading to progressive muscle weakness and premature death due to respiratory and/or cardiac complications. Cardiac involvement is characterized by progressive dilated cardiomyopathy, decreased fractional shortening and metabolic dysfunction involving reduced metabolism of fatty acids—the major cardiac metabolic substrate. Several mouse models have been developed to study molecular and pathological consequences of dystrophin deficiency, but do not recapitulate all aspects of human disease pathology and exhibit a mild cardiac phenotype. Here we demonstrate that Cmah (cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid hydroxylase)-deficient mdx mice (Cmah−/−;mdx) have an accelerated cardiac phenotype compared to the established mdx model. Cmah−/−;mdx mice display earlier functional deterioration, specifically a reduction in right ventricle (RV) ejection fraction and stroke volume (SV) at 12 weeks of age and decreased left ventricle diastolic volume with subsequent reduced SV compared to mdx mice by 24 weeks. They further show earlier elevation of cardiac damage markers for fibrosis (Ctgf), oxidative damage (Nox4) and haemodynamic load (Nppa). Cardiac metabolic substrate requirement was assessed using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicating increased in vivo glycolytic flux in Cmah−/−;mdx mice. Early upregulation of mitochondrial genes (Ucp3 and Cpt1) and downregulation of key glycolytic genes (Pdk1, Pdk4, Ppara), also denote disturbed cardiac metabolism and shift towards glucose utilization in Cmah−/−;mdx mice. Moreover, we show long-term treatment with peptide-conjugated exon skipping antisense oligonucleotides (20-week regimen), resulted in 20% cardiac dystrophin protein restoration and significantly improved RV cardiac function. Therefore, Cmah−/−;mdx mice represent an appropriate model for evaluating cardiac benefit of novel DMD therapeutics

S1NN GmbH & Co. KG (Automobile Connectivity Module 1.1)

The results of this report show how when diagnostics were run on the Connectivity Module 1.1, the problems discovered such as potential short-circuiting, 90-degree copper tracing angles, and components overheating/tombstoning were addressed. By using the method of “DMAIC,” which stands for Design, Measure, Analyze, Implement, Control, successful corrections were made. In the first design of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB), 1454 critical issues were found. With the newly designed PCB’s modifications being implemented, only 12 critical issues remained, which were later addressed and corrected. The results from this report are a functional Automobile Connectivity Module 1.1

Dominance Over ℵ

This paper provides an overview of the b-dominance order over the natural numbers, ℵ, using the base b expansion of natural numbers. The b-dominance order is an accessible partially-ordered set that is less complex than the divisor relation but more complex than ≤; thus, it supplies a good medium through which an undergraduate can be exposed to the subject of order theory. Here we discuss many ideas in order theory, including the Poincare polynomial and the Mobius function

Tramea loewii (Odonata: Libellulidae) on the move

The dragonfly Tramea loewii has recently become established in New Zealand, with a known distribution on the Aupouri Peninsula north of Kaitaia. To determine whether the species has spread further south, the littoral zones of eleven central Northland lakes from Ahipara to Waipu were sampled. Searches for exuviae and adults of T. loewii were also conducted at each lake. Larval T. loewii were only found at the Uretiti sand pit lake near Ruakaka, south of Whangarei. Many exuviae and adults in flight were also observed at the lake, indicating the species is established there. This represents a substantial range expansion and is the southernmost record of T. loewii to date

Approaches for advancing scientific understanding of macrosystems

The emergence of macrosystems ecology (MSE), which focuses on regional- to continental-scale ecological patterns and processes, builds upon a history of long-term and broad-scale studies in ecology. Scientists face the difficulty of integrating the many elements that make up macrosystems, which consist of hierarchical processes at interacting spatial and temporal scales. Researchers must also identify the most relevant scales and variables to be considered, the required data resources, and the appropriate study design to provide the proper inferences. The large volumes of multi-thematic data often associated with macrosystem studies typically require validation, standardization, and assimilation. Finally, analytical approaches need to describe how cross-scale and hierarchical dynamics and interactions relate to macroscale phenomena. Here, we elaborate on some key methodological challenges of MSE research and discuss existing and novel approaches to meet them

The Psy-Security-Curriculum ensemble: British Values curriculum policy in English schools

Framed as being in response to terrorist attacks and concerns about religious bias in some English schools, ‘British Values’ (BV) curriculum policy forms part of the British Government’s Counter-Terrorism and Security Act, 2015. This includes a Duty on teachers in England to actively promote British Values to deter students from radicalisation. This paper, first, traces the history of Britishness in the curriculum to reveal a prevalence of nationalistic, colonial values. Next, an ensemble of recent policies and speeches focusing on British Values is analysed, using a psycho-political approach informed by anti-colonial scholarship. Finally, we interrogate two key critiques of the British Values curriculum discourse: the universality of British Values globally, and concerns over the securitisation of education. Findings indicate that the constitution of white British supremacist subjectivities operate through curriculum as a defence mechanism against perceived threats to white privilege, by normalising a racialised state-controlled social order. The focus is on ‘British’ values, but the analytic framework and findings have wider global significance

4-dimensional functional profiling in the convulsant-treated larval zebrafish brain

This is the final version of the article. Available from Springer Nature via the DOI in this record.Functional neuroimaging, using genetically-encoded Ca(2+) sensors in larval zebrafish, offers a powerful combination of high spatiotemporal resolution and higher vertebrate relevance for quantitative neuropharmacological profiling. Here we use zebrafish larvae with pan-neuronal expression of GCaMP6s, combined with light sheet microscopy and a novel image processing pipeline, for the 4D profiling of chemoconvulsant action in multiple brain regions. In untreated larvae, regions associated with autonomic functionality, sensory processing and stress-responsiveness, consistently exhibited elevated spontaneous activity. The application of drugs targeting different convulsant mechanisms (4-Aminopyridine, Pentylenetetrazole, Pilocarpine and Strychnine) resulted in distinct spatiotemporal patterns of activity. These activity patterns showed some interesting parallels with what is known of the distribution of their respective molecular targets, but crucially also revealed system-wide neural circuit responses to stimulation or suppression. Drug concentration-response curves of neural activity were identified in a number of anatomically-defined zebrafish brain regions, and in vivo larval electrophysiology, also conducted in 4dpf larvae, provided additional measures of neural activity. Our quantification of network-wide chemoconvulsant drug activity in the whole zebrafish brain illustrates the power of this approach for neuropharmacological profiling in applications ranging from accelerating studies of drug safety and efficacy, to identifying pharmacologically-altered networks in zebrafish models of human neurological disorders.This work was funded by the Biological and Biotechnology Research Council (CASE studentship BB/L502510/1, with AstraZeneca Safety Health and Environment), and by the University of Exeter and AstraZeneca