Two-phase distribution in the vertical flow line of a domestic wet central heating system

The theoretical and experimental aspects of bubble distribution in bubbly two-phase flow are reviewed in the context of the micro bubbles present in a domestic gas fired wet central heating system. The latter systems are mostly operated through the circulation of heated standard tap water through a closed loop circuit which often results in water supersaturated with dissolved air. This leads to micro bubble nucleation at the primary heat exchanger wall, followed by detachment along the flow. Consequently, a bubbly two-phase flow characterises the flow line of such systems. The two-phase distribution across the vertical and horizontal pipes was measured through a consideration of the volumetric void fraction, quantified through photographic techniques. The bubble distribution in the vertical pipe in down flow conditions was measured to be quasi-homogenous across the pipe section with a negligible reduction in the void fraction at close proximity to the pipe wall. Such a reduction was more evident at lower bulk fluid velocities

Travel Disruption: Three Case Studies

Six stages of travel disruption from travellers are identified from the survey data of peole affected by the volcanic ash flight ban (2010), the loss of road bridges in Workington, west Cumbria (2009-2010) and severe winter weather over most of the UK in December 2010. This report describes expectations of normal travel and how social practices reflect those expectations. It details the expectations travellers had about what should happen when travel is disrupted, how they 'touch the new travel context', revise their plans and the consequences for them and others. It reports on how travellers say it will change their expectations and practices for future trave

Dooring:Experiential Boundaries

Few devices lend themselves to debates on our physical encounters than the door. As ‘dual phenomena’ 1 of outer/inner, public/private interdependencies, the door is hidden in plain sight and overlooked in the wider experiential discourse. The scenes and acts unfolding at the door are seldom used to reflect upon the shifting relationships between people, objects and environments. Reimagining the doorset as a conceptual stage-set, this paper frames the door as the architectural micro-site of serendipitous social interactions, transactions and occasional transgressions. As a context ripe for performative association, its physical anatomy also masks profound psychological needs in controlling and monitoring entry. Saturated with symbolic, metaphorical and psychoanalytical associations, the door is more than the mere sum of its physical parts. It marks the transition into private and unconscious realms as suggested in Atget’s photography as, ‘a meeting ground between domestic and civil life, the innermost plane of the private person’s public face’ 2 Contrasted against the magnitude of the city, the ubiquity of the door reminds us that the true face of the city, as Benjamin stated, is revealed not in its outer materiality but in ‘the sharp elevations of the cities inner strongholds’ 3 and it is the door that is front-of-stage in these relationships

North: Volume One

A region. A route. A response. — Welcome to the first edition of North; a new publication produced by students and staff from the Photography Department at the University of Central Lancashire, Preston. North is intended to be a showcase of photographic activity from North West England and a decisive challenge to the traditional degree show model that relies on gallery display as a default. At UCLan we pride ourselves on offering an open environment for early career practitioners to explore topics and approaches to visual communication however they choose. Our resistance to pursuing a ‘UCLan Style’ can be seen in the eclectic range of work featured in North produced by final year undergraduate students.This approach is only possible through the community of practice that has been developed by the combined efforts and diverse interests of an active and committed team of staff. Technical expertise, research informed teaching and contemporary industry links support the work of all students whilst simultaneously generating original work, as can be seen here in the portfolios of John Van Aitken and Brian J Morrison .Preston may not be top of the list of recognised photography cities ,yet it is precisely this anonymity that can give people the space to engage with photography and develop their personal voice with the medium. Jamie Hawkesworth and Ayesha Jones are two recent alumni that used their time of study to work out what it is they wanted to do with photography and are now recognised at an international level. Thank you for joining us; North is just the starting point of an archive of the future

About the 6 Thinking Hats - Mini Lecture

A short mini lecture about Edward De Bono's 6 Thinking Hats which examines the purpose of the hats and how each one should be "worn"

A Mind Map on Mind Mapping - Mini Lecture

This is a mini-lecture - or rather an mind map with explanatory audio. A mind map on mind mapping is discussed.

Graph interpretation antifungal bioassay

Question correct answer and workings

Calculations, antibiotic concentrations, data interpretation,

Antifungal bioassay question