Controlled UV laser cleaning of painted artworks: S systematic effect study on egg tempera paint samples

The Cooperative Research project “Advanced workstation for controlled laser cleaning of artworks” (ENV4-CT98-0787) has yielded important information on the application of UV laser cleaning to paint materials. In the project, in which conservators, researchers and engineers participated, the viability of the laser technique as an additional tool in present conservation practice was investigated. The research was pointed at the definition of the boundary conditions in which laser cleaning can be safely applied. It included a systematic effect study of tempera paint systems. Physical and chemical changes, induced by exposure to UV (248 nm) excimer laser light under various conditions, were evaluated. In parallel, an innovative laser cleaning tool was developed, allowing accurate and controlled removal of superficial layers from paint materials. Both aspects of the project are presented. The presentation of the research focuses on the integration of the results from various analytical techniques, yielding valuable information on the immediate and long-term effects of UV laser radiation on the paint materials. The analytical techniques include colorimetry, spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometry and profilometry, as well as thermographic and UV transmission measurements. Furthermore, the application of the laser workstation on various painted artworks is shown. This includes the gradual removal of varnish layers and the recovery of original paint colour in fire-damaged paintings.The European Commission is gratefully acknowledged for facilitating the work in the Cooperative Research project “Advanced workstation for controlled laser cleaning of artworks” (ENV4-CT98-0787)

HISTORY AND ABANDONMENT OF THE GOLD STANDARD (IS THERE A WAY BACK?)

Trabajo Fin de Grado leído en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos en el curso académico 2023/2024. Directores/as: Philipp BagusThe gold standard is a type of monetary system that works by setting the value of the nation's currency linked to gold. According to some, the reason why the gold standard is preferable is because it assures long-term price stability. Furthermore, in the case that governments and banks would have it hard to manipulate money supply, it would as well prevent inflation. In this paper, we want to look into just that and find out the answer to certain questions concerning the gold standard and its possible role in today¿s economic environment: is it really that stable? Is it preferable? If the gold standard worked and was stable, then, why is it not in use today? This also raises the question of whether it would be even possible to use the gold standard or a bimetallic standard today. Would it be better than the fiat system if it was possible to implement? And ultimately, should we go back if we could

Konservatorsutbildning i Köpenhamn

I september 1979 började fem svenskar att studera pä Konservatorsskolan i Köpenhamn. Det sker som ett led i strävan att förbättra tillgången på utbildade konservatorer i väntan på en organiserad svensk konservatorsutbildning. De svenska eleverna i Köpenhamn är Herman Andersson, Maria Brunskog, Jonas Palm, Thomas Petéus och Urban Ullenius; de har alla ordinarie studiemedel från svenska staten -två av dem har dessutom stipendium från Vitterhetsakademien. Urban Ullenius skriver här om den danska konservatorsutbildningen

L2 and L1 repairs : Speech production in a comparative perspective

I investigated and compared L2 and L1 speech errors and repairs. A speech error may be defined as a linguistic item that is partially or wholly articulated but disagrees with the speaker’s desired communicative intention. A self-repair usually comprises a speech error, a self-interruption, and a repair. Repairs reveal information about the speech production process and in particular about the monitoring component. Errors and repairs were collected from 24 L1 and L2 English speakers who were audio recorded while describing patterns of multi-coloured interconnected nodes. The methodology is a modified version of Levelt’s (1982; 1983) methodology in his study of L1 Dutch speakers, and his results are incorporated in the analysis section for comparison purposes. The hypothesis that L2 speakers produce more repairs than L1 speakers was confirmed. The hypothesis that they produce more lexical errors and less appropriateness errors compared to L1 speakers was confirmed in relation to the English L1 group but not in relation to Levelt’s Dutch L1 group. The hypothesis that L2 speakers leave a larger proportion of their lexical errors unrepaired was not confirmed. The significant differences in numbers and types of errors between the L1 and the L2 data may be related to Paradis’s (2009) theory of declarative knowledge and procedural competence, which entails a higher demand on attentional resources during L2 production. Data may be influenced by methodological inconsistencies, and may also be too small to generalise upon.

Konservatorsutbildning i Köpenhamn

I september 1979 började fem svenskar att studera pä Konservatorsskolan i Köpenhamn. Det sker som ett led i strävan att förbättra tillgången på utbildade konservatorer i väntan på en organiserad svensk konservatorsutbildning. De svenska eleverna i Köpenhamn är Herman Andersson, Maria Brunskog, Jonas Palm, Thomas Petéus och Urban Ullenius; de har alla ordinarie studiemedel från svenska staten -två av dem har dessutom stipendium från Vitterhetsakademien. Urban Ullenius skriver här om den danska konservatorsutbildningen

Rethinking science literacy : enhancing communication and participation in school science through affirmational dialogue journal writing

For many students the study of Science can be very disaffirming. This may lead to passivity in class, and a lifelong disaffection with science, outcomes which defeat the long-term purposes of trying to achieve scientific literacy for all students. This article represents a new way of framing scientific literacy with a "science for all" goal, based on a nexus of psychological, sociological and critical literacy theory. A science education researcher and a science teacher collaborated in trialing the use of affirmational dialogue journal writing with early adolescents in a high school situated in a low socio economic status area. The intervention was found to be successful on a number of fronts. I conclude that an approach which affirms students' experience can lead to a deeper approach to learning for adolescent science students. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J.Res Sci Teach 36: 699-717, 199