Deep learning for grape leaf disease detection

Agriculture is crucial to India's economy. Agriculture supports almost 75% of the world's population and much of its gross domestic product (GDP). Climate and environmental changes pose a threat to agriculture. India is recognized for its grapes, a commercially important fruit. Diseases reduce grape yields by 10-30%. If not recognized and treated early, grape diseases can cost farmers a lot. The main grape diseases include downy and powdery mildew, leaf blight, esca, and black rot. This work creates an Android grape disease detection app which uses machine learning. When a farmer submits a snapshot of a diseased grape leaf, the smartphone app identifies the ailment and offers grape plant disease prevention tips. In this research, an android app that detects grape plant illnesses use convolutional neural network (CNN) and AlexNet machine learning architectures. We investigated and compared CNN and AlexNet architecture's efficacy for grape disease detection using accuracy and other metrics. The dataset used comes from Kaggle. CNN and AlexNet architectures yielded 98.04% and 99.03% accuracy. AlexNet was more accurate than CNN in the final result

Gene networks and transcription factor motifs defining the differentiation of stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells

Background & Aims: The differentiation of stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) offers the perspective of unlimited supply of human hepatocytes. However, the degree of differentiation of HLC remains controversial. To obtain an unbiased characterization, we performed a transcriptomic study with HLC derived from human embryonic and induced stem cells (ESC, hiPSC) from three different laboratories. Methods: Genome-wide gene expression profiles of ESC and HLC were compared to freshly isolated and up to 14 days cultivated primary human hepatocytes. Gene networks representing successful and failed hepatocyte differentiation, and the transcription factors involved in their regulation were identified. Results: Gene regulatory network analysis demonstrated that HLC represent a mixed cell type with features of liver, intestine, fibroblast and stem cells. The "unwanted" intestinal features were associated with KLF5 and CDX2 transcriptional networks. Cluster analysis identified highly correlated groups of genes associated with mature liver functions (n = 1057) and downregulated proliferation associated genes (n = 1562) that approach levels of primary hepatocytes. However, three further clusters containing 447, 101, and 505 genes failed to reach levels of hepatocytes. Key TF of two of these clusters include SOX11, FOXQ1, and YBX3. The third unsuccessful cluster, controlled by HNF1, CAR, FXR, and PXR, strongly overlaps with genes repressed in cultivated hepatocytes compared to freshly isolated hepatocytes, suggesting that current in vitro conditions lack stimuli required to maintain gene expression in hepatocytes, which consequently also explains a corresponding deficiency of HLC. Conclusions: The present gene regulatory network approach identifies key transcription factors which require modulation to improve HLC differentiation. (C) 2015 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Host-Guest UiO-66 Based Supra-MOF Assembly for Custom Designed Opto-Electronic Device

Supramolecular chemistry adopted by the hybrid systems of metal ions and organic linkers of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offers not only the molecular level porous architecture but also an approach for assembly-within-assembly: Supra-MOF, for creating simpler yet multifunctional host-guest based smart material couples. In this work, Supra-MOF approach is smoothly translated to a well-known UiO-66 MOF compound to form luminescent CQDUiO-66 (CQD: carbon quantum dots) and used as a main probe in custom-designed 3D printed opto-electronic device. The device mainly explored on the basis of quenching of fluorescence ability of Iodine for the purpose of identifying the quality of edible oil samples from different commercially available brands. The photodiode based signal output from the device was used to identify the changes in the incident fluorescent light of aqueous dispersion of CQDUiO-66 affected by the rejected iodine from the oil portion. The application of MOF based compound in a proof-of-concept opto-electronic device sheds light on the impact of temperature (heating) with the time on edible oil saturation/unsaturation levels using a quick and newly developed method of determining iodine value (Iv) of oil samples

Pantaliitoksen laadun varmistaminen

Neste Porvoon tuotantolinja 4 sisältää noin 3300 kpl avattavia Grayloc-pantaliitoksia. Liitokset sijait-sevat putkistoissa ja painelaitteissa. Iso osa pantaliitoksista luetaan kriittisiksi. Kriittisyys velvoittaa, että näitä liitoksia tulee tarkastella laajemmin ja systemaattisemmin laaduntuottotekijöillä. Keskeisimmät laaduntuottotekijät ovat asentaja ja ohjeet. Nämä eivät kuitenkaan yksin riitä varmentamaan onnistunutta pantaliitosasennusta. Tarvitaan kokonaisvaltainen ymmärrys niistä laaduntuottotekijöistä joilla vaikutetaan pantaliitoksiin ja niihin tehtävään työnlaatuun. Tästä syystä kunnossapidossa halu-taan laaja-alaista varmennusta pantaliitosten laadun varmistamiseen. Opinnäytetyö tavoitteena on pan-taliitosten asennustyön laadun varmistaminen sekä luoda laaduntuottotekijöiden pohjalta pätevyystesti. Ennen kolmannen osapuolen järjestämää koulutusta pantaliitoksen laadun varmistaminen on ollut ai-noastaan Nesteen kunnossapidon asiantuntijoiden vastuulla. Verrattaessa avattavaa ruuviliitosta py-syviin liitoksiin, kuten hitsausliitos, on laadun varmistamiseen liittynyt valvova kolmas osapuoli. Pysyviä liitoksia tekevien henkilöiden pätevöinti on tällöin suoritettu kolmannen osapuolen toimesta. Neste haluaa varmistua myös avattavien liitosten, erityisesti tässä työssä käsiteltävien pantaliitosten asentajien pätevyydestä. Pätevyyden varmistamista varten Neste on ottanut edelläkävijänä käyttöönsä Suomessa standardin SFS-EN 1591-4 osan 8, joka käsittelee pantaliitoksia. Tämä tarkoittaa sitä, että asennushenkilöstöltä vaaditaan hyväksytysti suoritettu, kolmannen osapuolen järjestämä pätevyystesti. Tässä opinnäytetyössä luodaan kolmannen osapuolen järjestämän koulutuksen rinnalle Nesteen oma pätevyystesti, joka luodaan L2O-koulutusalustalle. Nesteen testin avulla voidaan varmistaa tarvittaes-sa ja tapauskohtaisesti asentajan pätevyys. Testi mahdollistaa samalla sen, että asentaja tutustuu Nesteen laadunvarmistusmateriaaleihin, sekä aihealueeseen liittyviin spesifikaatioihin. Kokonaisuudessaan Nesteen testi varmistaa, että asentaja hallitsee pantaliitosten asennuksen, irrotuksen ja oikeanlaiset käsittelytavat annettujen ohjeiden mukaisesti. Opinnäytetyön aikana on myös päivitetty ”on-site” -kenttävarmennuskoulutuksen materiaaleja ja koulutusprosessia. Yhdessä Nesteen pantaliitostesti ja ”on-site” -kenttävarmennus ovat lisäämässä turvallisuutta ja käytettävyyttä tuotantolinja neljällä.Neste Porvoo oil refinery’s production line 4 includes about 3300 Grayloc clamp connectors. The joints are located in pipes and pressure equipment. Most of the clamp connectors are classified as critical. This criticality requires that these connectors have to be observed more broadly and systematically with quality factors. The main essential quality factors are the mechanic and working instructions. However, these factors are not sufficient to certify the implemented clamp connector assembly. There is a need for a total understanding of the quality factors which have an influence on clamp connectors and the quality of maintenance. Because of these, maintenance department wants to ensure that the quality is exact for the clamp connectors. The target of this thesis is ensure the quality of the clamp connector’s assembly and create a qualification test based on the quality factors. Before the training organized by a third party, ensuring the quality of the clamp connection has been the responsibility only of Neste’s maintenance experts. The difference between openable connector and permanent connector is that there has been a supervisor from outside of the company to inspect the permanent connectors. In this case, the qualification of the permanent connectors have been tested by a third-party. Nowadays Neste wants to make sure the qualifications of the mechanics, which is dealt with in this thesis. To ensure the competence, Neste is a forerunner in Finland to use standard SFS-EN 1591-4 part 8, which covers the clamp connectors. This means that the mechanics are required to pass a third-party organized qualification test. This thesis work Neste’s own qualification test, which was created on the L2O training platform, alongside the test organized by the third party. Neste’s test can be used to ensure the competence of the mechanic on a basis. At the same time, the test allows the mechanics to orientate themselves with the Neste’s quality assurance materials as well as the subject-specific specifications. Overall Neste’s test verifies that the mechanics know how to perform exactly, disconnecting and handling the clamp connector in accordance the instructions given. During this thesis work “on site” field verification training materials and training process have been updated. Neste’s clamp connector test and “on-site” field verification together are increasing the safety and usability of the production line four