Increase of the Adiponectin/Leptin Ratio in Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Bariatric surgery remains the most effective option for achieving important and sustained weight loss. We explored the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on the circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin, and the adiponectin/leptin (Adpn/Lep) ratio in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Twenty-five T2D volunteers undergoing RYGB were included in the study, and further subclassified as patients that responded or not to RYBG, regarding remission of T2D. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were evaluated before and after RYGB. Obese patients with T2D exhibited an increase (p < 0.0001) in the Adpn/Lep ratio after RYGB. Changes in the Adpn/Lep ratio correlated better with changes in anthropometric data (p < 0.001) than with the variations of adiponectin or leptin alone. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the change in the Adpn/Lep ratio in patients with T2D was an independent predictor of the changes in body mass index (p < 0.001) and body fat percentage (p = 0.022). However, the Adpn/Lep ratio did not differ between individuals with or without T2D remission after RYGB. In summary, the current study demonstrated that after weight and body fat loss following RYGB, the Adpn/Lep ratio increased in patients with obesity and T2D

GLP-1 limits adipocyte inflammation and its low circulating pre-operative concentrations predict worse type 2 diabetes remission after bariatric surgery in obese patients

Objective: Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 has been proposed as a key candidate in glucose improvements after bariatric surgery. Our aim was to explore the role of GLP-1 in surgically-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) improvement and its capacity to regulate human adipocyte inflammation. Methods: Basal circulating concentrations of GLP-1 as well as during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured in lean and obese volunteers with and without T2D (n = 93). In addition, GLP-1 levels were determined before and after weight loss achieved by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (n = 77). The impact of GLP-1 on inflammation signalling pathways was also evaluated. Results: We show that the reduced (p < 0.05) circulating levels of GLP-1 in obese T2D patients increased (p < 0.05) after RYGB. The area under the curve was significantly lower in obese patients with (p < 0.01) and without (p < 0.05) T2D compared to lean volunteers while obese patients with T2D exhibited decreased GLP-1 levels at baseline (p < 0.05) and 120 min (p < 0.01) after the OGTT. Importantly, higher (p < 0.05) pre-operative GLP-1 concentrations were found in patients with T2D remission after RYGB. We also revealed that exendin-4, a GLP-1 agonist, downregulated the expression of inflammation-related genes (IL1B, IL6, IL8, TNF) and, conversely, upregulated the mRNA levels of ADIPOQ in human visceral adipocytes. Furthermore, exendin-4 blocked (p < 0.05) LPS-induced inflammation in human adipocytes via downregulating the expression and secretion of key inflammatory markers. Conclusions: Our data indicate that GLP-1 may contribute to glycemic control and exert a role in T2D remission after RYGB. GLP-1 is also involved in limiting inflammation in human visceral adipocytes

Análisis de sistemas binarios con período variable

Estarnos llevando a cabo un monitoreo fotomètrico de una muestra de sistemas binarios eclipsantes con período variable, considerados preliminarmente como semiseparados o en contacto, a fin de determinar sus parámetros astrofísicos fundamentales y caracterizar la interacción entre sus componentes. En este trabajo presentamos las curvas de luz de cuatro sistemas y el modelado de dos de ellas. Verificamos que la fotometría obtenida es adecuada para los objetivos del proyecto. Conjuntamente presentamos la primera clasificación espectral de siete de estos sistemas.We are conducting a photometric monitoring of a sample of eclipsing binary systems with variable periods, preliminarly considered as semidetached or in contact. We aim at determining the fundamental astrophysical parameters of these objects and at characterizing the interactions between their components. In this work we present the light curves of four systems and the modeling of two of them. The photometry has revealed to be adequate for the project purposes. We also report the first spectral classification of seven systems from the sample.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

Análisis de sistemas binarios con período variable

Estarnos llevando a cabo un monitoreo fotomètrico de una muestra de sistemas binarios eclipsantes con período variable, considerados preliminarmente como semiseparados o en contacto, a fin de determinar sus parámetros astrofísicos fundamentales y caracterizar la interacción entre sus componentes. En este trabajo presentamos las curvas de luz de cuatro sistemas y el modelado de dos de ellas. Verificamos que la fotometría obtenida es adecuada para los objetivos del proyecto. Conjuntamente presentamos la primera clasificación espectral de siete de estos sistemas.We are conducting a photometric monitoring of a sample of eclipsing binary systems with variable periods, preliminarly considered as semidetached or in contact. We aim at determining the fundamental astrophysical parameters of these objects and at characterizing the interactions between their components. In this work we present the light curves of four systems and the modeling of two of them. The photometry has revealed to be adequate for the project purposes. We also report the first spectral classification of seven systems from the sample.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

Análisis de sistemas binarios con período variable

Estarnos llevando a cabo un monitoreo fotomètrico de una muestra de sistemas binarios eclipsantes con período variable, considerados preliminarmente como semiseparados o en contacto, a fin de determinar sus parámetros astrofísicos fundamentales y caracterizar la interacción entre sus componentes. En este trabajo presentamos las curvas de luz de cuatro sistemas y el modelado de dos de ellas. Verificamos que la fotometría obtenida es adecuada para los objetivos del proyecto. Conjuntamente presentamos la primera clasificación espectral de siete de estos sistemas.We are conducting a photometric monitoring of a sample of eclipsing binary systems with variable periods, preliminarly considered as semidetached or in contact. We aim at determining the fundamental astrophysical parameters of these objects and at characterizing the interactions between their components. In this work we present the light curves of four systems and the modeling of two of them. The photometry has revealed to be adequate for the project purposes. We also report the first spectral classification of seven systems from the sample.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

Overview of the TJ-II stellarator research programme towards model validation in fusion plasmas.

TJ-II stellarator results on modelling and validation of plasma flow asymmetries due to on-surface potential variations, plasma fuelling physics, Alfv??en eigenmodes (AEs) control and stability, the interplay between turbulence and neoclassical (NC) mechanisms and liquid metals are reported. Regarding the validation of the neoclassically predicted potential asymmetries, its impact on the radial electric field along the flux surface has been successfully validated against Doppler reflectometry measurements. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellets and tracer encapsulated solid pellet injection has shown that, although post-injection particle radial redistributions can be understood qualitatively from NC mechanisms, turbulence and fluctuations are strongly affected during the ablation process. Advanced analysis tools based on transfer entropy have shown that radial electric fields do not only affect the radial turbulence correlation length but are also capable of reducing the propagation of turbulence from the edge into the scrape-off layer. Direct experimental observation of long range correlated structures show that zonal flow structures are ubiquitous in the whole plasma cross-section in the TJ-II stellarator. Alfv??enic activity control strategies using ECRH and ECCD as well as the relation between zonal structures and AEs are reported. Finally, the behaviour of liquid metals exposed to hot and cold plasmas in a capillary porous system container was investigated