Shifting Voices: Facilitating the Ideal L2 Self Through the Development of Imagined Communities in the Language Classroom

Much can be learned about second language (L2) learner identities by understanding imagined communities which learners create to imagine participation in a target community. As L2 learners’ identities are varied, vast and imagined, it is important to line our pedagogical practices to help learners connect to and explore their various imagined communities and ideal L2 selves. Transformative pedagogy views language not simply as a set of governing rules, but more importantly from a social perspective, taking into account learner identities as they shift in accordance with the social world. The classroom is viewed as a place where learner investment in the language can be enhanced, and if it is not, gains in language learning are restricted. Additionally, teachers allow opportunities in not only the classroom, but the school and the community for learners to gain various identity positions in which they can participate (Norton, 2010). This capstone was influenced by the question, how can a classroom environment be created which allows Japanese EFL learners to identify their ideal L2 selves and imagined communities. The results of this capstone were used to create a website, which includes insights for transformative instructional practices and lesson materials influenced by imagined communities and the ideal L2 self as they pertain to language learning. A podcast was also created to help further the discussion of L2 learning as it relates to identity, engaging with learners of various languages around the world

Anticholinergic therapy for acute asthma in children.

Inhaled anticholinergics as single agent bronchodilators (or in combination with beta(2)-agonists) are one of the several medications available for the treatment of acute asthma in children

Quantification of Federal Reserved Rights—Litigation, Legislation or Negotiation? [outline]

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Valuation of Kongsberg Gruppen ASA

The objective of this thesis is to determine the fair stock price value of Kongsberg Gruppen ASA as per May 30th, 2023. The research commences with an introductory section that provides an overview of the company’s industry and history, offering a foundational understanding before delving into deeper analysis. The qualitative aspects of the firm are examined through a strategic analysis encompassing Porter’s five forces & PESTLE analysis for external conditions, followed by a VRIO analysis focusing on internal resources. These findings are consolidated in a SWOT table, summarizing the key points. Additionally, the substantial and quantitative aspects are investigated through balance sheet analysis, evaluating key financial metrics of Kongsberg Gruppen ASA. These factors serve as the basis for the subsequent valuation process. Various valuation methods are utilized with the common objective of determining the fair value. The free cash flow to the firm model considers future cash flows and simultaneously serves as a basis and transition for our fundamental valuation. These future values are discounted to their present value using a cost of capital and equity. Furthermore, a relative valuation model is utilized, comparing different multiples, and provide support for the fundamental valuation. In the next part of the thesis, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the impact of changes in variables on the estimated share value. Residual and relative valuation were both performed to compare estimates. Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) was utilized to find the required rate of return on capital. The required return on capital was 6,79 percent. Then discount future cash flows from year 2023 to 2028. Estimating a terminal growth equal to 1,75 percent, of which year 2028 served as basis for the terminal year. As of 30.05.2023, the market value per share is NOK 448,80. After weighing the results from all selected valuation methods, the valuation concludes with a per-share value of NOK 450,73 indicating that the company is slightly undervalued. Therefore, a hold recommendation is advised, given the stock price (30.05.2023) is only marginal lower than calculated value

What is the fair value of Kongsberg Gruppen ASA as per May 30th 2023?

The objective of this thesis is to determine the fair stock price value of Kongsberg Gruppen ASA as per May 30th, 2023. The research commences with an introductory section that provides an overview of the company’s industry and history, offering a foundational understanding before delving into deeper analysis. The qualitative aspects of the firm are examined through a strategic analysis encompassing Porter’s five forces & PESTLE analysis for external conditions, followed by a VRIO analysis focusing on internal resources. These findings are consolidated in a SWOT table, summarizing the key points. Additionally, the substantial and quantitative aspects are investigated through balance sheet analysis, evaluating key financial metrics of Kongsberg Gruppen ASA. These factors serve as the basis for the subsequent valuation process. Various valuation methods are utilized with the common objective of determining the fair value. The free cash flow to the firm model considers future cash flows and simultaneously serves as a basis and transition for our fundamental valuation. These future values are discounted to their present value using a cost of capital and equity. Furthermore, a relative valuation model is utilized, comparing different multiples, and provide support for the fundamental valuation. In the next part of the thesis, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the impact of changes in variables on the estimated share value. Residual and relative valuation were both performed to compare estimates. Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) was utilized to find the required rate of return on capital. The required return on capital was 6,79 percent. Then discount future cash flows from year 2023 to 2028. Estimating a terminal growth equal to 1,75 percent, of which year 2028 served as basis for the terminal year. As of 30.05.2023, the market value per share is NOK 448,80. After weighing the results from all selected valuation methods, the valuation concludes with a per-share value of NOK 450,73 indicating that the company is slightly undervalued. Therefore, a hold recommendation is advised, given the stock price (30.05.2023) is only marginal lower than calculated value

[教育方法・教育実践・教育学習支援] In Reflection: From Seeger to Swift - A Tour of Popular Modern Music and its Intercultural Connection

この論文の主な目的は、コンテンツベースのコースをゼロから作成することに興味があるものの、この困難で時には気が遠くなるようなプロセスをどこから始めたらよいかわからない語学教師を支援することです。具体的には、この論文は、教師が学校に新しく赴任し、学習者の能力、クラスの規模、学校の文化、生徒の意欲レベルに関する知識が限られている状態でコース設計を作成する必要があり、そのため変革的な教育的アプローチ(Norton、2010年、NortonおよびToohey、2011年)が必要となる状況でコンテンツベースのコースを作成することについての考察として機能します。この論文では、コースに選択されたコンテンツ、このコンテンツの正当性、コース教材の準備計画、およびコンテンツベースのカリキュラムのコンテキスト内で教師のアイデンティティがどのように干渉または促進されるかについて取り上げます。この論文は、今後の反復に向けて、より充実し目的志向のコンテンツベースのコースを開発するための継続的な研究の呼びかけと、こうしたタイプのコースを作成するという勇気ある新しいステップを踏んでいる教師に、これが教師のアイデンティティ、教師と学習者の信頼関係、および全体的な学習者の関与を築くための前向きな一歩であることを思い出してもらうことで締めくくられています。さらに、この論文は、最初は非常に多くの準備が必要になる可能性があるコンテンツベースのコースは、言語学習者にとって価値があり、心からユニークな体験になる可能性があり、既成の事前に決定されたシラバスを持つより伝統的なスキルベースのコースのモチベーションを高め、代替手段として認識される可能性があるという議論で締めくくられています。The primary purpose of this paper is to help support language teachers with an interest in creating a content-based course from scratch but may not know where to begin this challenging and sometimes daunting process. Specifically, this paper acts as a reflection on creating a content-based course in a context where the teacher is new to the school and is required to create a course design with limited knowledge of learner ability, class size, school culture, and motivation level of students, thus requiring a transformative pedagogical approach (Norton, 2010; Norton and Toohey, 2011). This paper covers the content of choice selected for the course, the justification for this content, the preparation planning of the course materials, and how teacher identity can interfere or thrive within the context of a content-based curriculum. This paper concludes with a call for continued research to help develop a more enriching and purpose-driven content-based course for future iterations and to remind teachers who are taking the brave new step of creating these types of courses that this is a positive step forward for building teacher identity, teacher-learner rapport, and overall learner engagement. Additionally, the paper ends with the argument that content-based courses, which initially can be an intense amount of preparation, can be a worthwhile and wholeheartedly unique experience for language learners, and even perceived as a motivational boost and alternative to a more traditional skills-based course with a ready-made, predetermined syllabus.departmental bulletin pape

Inspiration for learning: the development of a design concept for library space

In this lightning talk we will tell you about the process of rethinking and redesigning the existing library space at the main library at Oslo Metropolitan University. We will be using pictures to help illustrate and give you a better understanding on the process

Pharmacology of airway afferent nerve activity

Afferent nerves in the airways serve to regulate breathing pattern, cough, and airway autonomic neural tone. Pharmacologic agents that influence afferent nerve activity can be subclassified into compounds that modulate activity by indirect means (e.g. bronchial smooth muscle spasmogens) and those that act directly on the nerves. Directly acting agents affect afferent nerve activity by interacting with various ion channels and receptors within the membrane of the afferent terminals. Whether by direct or indirect means, most compounds that enter the airspace will modify afferent nerve activity, and through this action alter airway physiology