Consolidated fuel reprocessing program. Progress report, July 1-September 30, 1979

Progress is reported on: process R and D, engineering research, engineering systems, technical support, HTGR fuel reprocessing, and pyrochemical and dry processing methods. (DLC

White matter connectome correlates of auditory over-responsivity: edge density imaging and machine-learning classifiers

Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) commonly involves auditory and/or tactile domains, and can affect children with or without additional neurodevelopmental challenges. In this study, we examined white matter microstructural and connectome correlates of auditory over-responsivity (AOR), analyzing prospectively collected data from 39 boys, aged 8–12 years. In addition to conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) maps – including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD); we used DTI and high-resolution T1 scans to develop connectome Edge Density (ED) maps. The tract-based spatial statistics was used for voxel-wise comparison of diffusion and ED maps. Then, stepwise penalized logistic regression was applied to identify independent variable (s) predicting AOR, as potential imaging biomarker (s) for AOR. Finally, we compared different combinations of machine learning algorithms (i.e., naïve Bayes, random forest, and support vector machine (SVM) and tract-based DTI/connectome metrics for classification of children with AOR. In direct sensory phenotype assessment, 15 (out of 39) boys exhibited AOR (with or without neurodevelopmental concerns). Voxel-wise analysis demonstrates extensive impairment of white matter microstructural integrity in children with AOR on DTI maps – evidenced by lower FA and higher MD and RD; moreover, there was lower connectome ED in anterior-superior corona radiata, genu and body of corpus callosum. In stepwise logistic regression, the average FA of left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) was the single independent variable distinguishing children with AOR (p = 0.007). Subsequently, the left SLF average FA yielded an area under the curve of 0.756 in receiver operating characteristic analysis for prediction of AOR (p = 0.008) as a region-of-interest (ROI)-based imaging biomarker. In comparative study of different combinations of machine-learning models and DTI/ED metrics, random forest algorithms using ED had higher accuracy for AOR classification. Our results demonstrate extensive white matter microstructural impairment in children with AOR, with specifically lower connectomic ED in anterior-superior tracts and associated commissural pathways. Also, average FA of left SLF can be applied as ROI-based imaging biomarker for prediction of SOR. Finally, machine-learning models can provide accurate and objective image-based classifiers for identification of children with AOR based on white matter tracts connectome ED

The Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus in Typically Developing Children and Adolescents: Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Neuropsychological Correlates

The relationship between superior longitudinal fasciculus microstructural integrity and neuropsychological functions were examined in 49 healthy children (range: 5–17 years) using diffusion tensor imaging. Seven major cognitive domains (intellegience, fine-motor, attention, language, visual-spatial, memory, executive function) were assessed. Data analyses utilized correlational methods. After adjusting for age and gender, fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity values in the superior longitudinal fasciculus were positively correlated with executive functions of set-shifting; while left superior longitudinal fasciculus fractional anisotropy values correlated with attention and language. Apparent diffusion coefficient values in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus negatively correlated with inhibitory control. In the left arcuate fasciculus, fractional anisotropy correlated with IQ and attention; while radial diffusivity values negatively correlated with IQ, fine-motor skills, and expressive language. Findings from this study provide an examination of the relationship between superior longitudinal fasciculus integrity and children’s neuropsychological abilities that can be useful in monitoring pediatric neurological diseases

Influence of Analysis Technique on Measurement of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters

We compared results from various methods of analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from a single data set consisting of 10 healthy adolescents

Association between breastfeeding during infancy and white matter microstructure in early childhood

INTRODUCTION: Associations between breastfeeding and brain development, in the context of child, perinatal, and sociodemographic variables, remain unclear. This study investigated whether exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months and total duration of breastfeeding were associated with brain white matter microstructure in young children. METHODS: This study included 85 typically developing children (42 males) born to 83 mothers that were predominantly white, highly educated, and in high income households. Children underwent their first diffusion tensor imaging scan between ages 2.34 and 6.97 years; some children returned multiple times, providing a total of 331 datasets. Feeding information was collected from mothers at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum and at their child's scan to calculate breastfeeding status at 6 months (exclusive or not) as well as total duration of any breastfeeding. Linear regression was used to investigate associations between breastfeeding exclusivity/duration and fractional anisotropy (FA) for the whole brain and 10 individual white matter tracts. RESULTS: Breastfeeding exclusivity and duration were associated with global and regional white matter microstructure, even after controlling for perinatal and sociodemographic factors. Greater exclusivity was associated with higher FA in females and lower FA in males. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest white matter differences associated with breastfeeding that differ by sex. These may stem from different trajectories in white matter development between males and females in early childhood and suggest possible long-term white matter differences associated with breastfeeding

“Wasn’t it supposed to be about literature?” : An idea analysis of values expressed towards Augustpriset in the Swedish press

The aim of this Master’s thesis is to examine values expressed towards the Swedish literary award Augustpriset in a selection of articles from Swedish newspapers published between the years 2000-2007. The questions posed in the study are: What types of values concerning Augustpriset are expressed in a selection of cultural journalistic articles? How is the relationship between intellectual culture and commercial culture reflected in the articles? How are positive and negative standpoints justified? How can Augustpriset and the journalists be understood as parts of intraconversion on the literary field? The study’s qualitative textual analysis is theoretically based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of the literary field. The method used for analysing the articles is idea analysis using dimensions constructed from Bourdieu’s description of two polarities, the intellectual and the commercial, of the literary field. Also used as a theoretical tool is John F. English’s term intraconversion. The results of the study indicate that a majority of the journalists express scepticism towards the commercial aspects of Augustpriset, and that commercial interests are sometimes perceived to be affecting the process of nomination, voting and awarding of the award. The results also indicate that intellectual culture is given higher value that commercial culture, hence the values expressed can be assigned to the dimension constructed from the intellectual pole.Uppsatsnivå:

Slumpen, minnet och mönstret : En analys av Majgull Axelssons Slumpvandring

Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa Majgull Axelssons roman ”Slumpvandring” från olika håll för att komma fram till ett förslag till en tolkning av romanen och dess budskap. Uppsatsens resonemang kring romanen är begränsat till tre huvudområden, samt koncentreras kring de tre karaktärer som uppsatsförfattaren uppfattar som huvudkaraktärer; Augusta, Alice och Angelica. Först diskuteras romanens mest betydelsefulla miljö, huset som kallas Augustas hus, utifrån huset som symbol och vad det representerar. Huset är enligt traditionen ofta en symbol för den mänskliga kroppen och framförallt kvinnokroppen och moderskroppen, och denna symbolik diskuteras i förhållande till romanens skildring av Augustas hus samt skildringen av havandeskap, barnafödande och relationer mellan barn och förälder i romanen. I detta avsnitt diskuteras också minnet och det förflutna och vilken roll dessa spelar i romanen. Vidare diskuteras romanens primära intertext, ”Geniet” av Ivar Lo-Johansson, och vilken roll denna intertext spelar i Axelssons roman. Den flitigast använda parollen i ”Geniet”; ”Vi måste släppa till flickorna!” förekommer ofta i Axelssons roman och i uppsatsen diskuteras detta slagord i egenskap av att till synes vara själva anledningen till att Axelsson anspelar på ”Geniet” av Ivar Lo-Johansson. Det diskuteras även hur väl Axelsson har lyckats med sitt företag att skildra kvinnornas plats i sexualiteten i kontrast till det manliga perspektivet i Ivar Lo-Johanssons ”Geniet”. Slutligen diskuteras romanens titel, ”Slumpvandring”, och dess betydelse för romanen, och i denna diskussion används sannolikhetsteori och frågor kring determinism och förutsägbarhet för att förklara den matematiska betydelsen av termen slumpvandring. Sedan diskuteras om kompositionen och karaktärernas liv i romanen ”Slumpvandring” kan liknas vid det matematiska begreppet slumpvandring, samt vad determinism och förutsägbarhet spelar för roll i det mänskliga livet. I uppsatsens avslutande del knyts de tidigare förda resonemangen ihop och slutsatsen blir att något av det ”Slumpvandring” vill förmedla är vikten av att minnas och lära sig av det förflutna, både det större historiska förflutna och de egna mer privata händelser man varit med om, för att kunna välja bättre vägar i livet

Consolidated fuel reprocessing program. Progress report, July 1-September 30, 1979

Progress is reported on: process R and D, engineering research, engineering systems, technical support, HTGR fuel reprocessing, and pyrochemical and dry processing methods. (DLC