The history of Prothonotary Warbler in the Galapagos Islands

The first and second records of Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea in Galapagos are clarified

Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea, a new species for the Galapagos Islands

We document the first record of Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea in Galapagos, on Española Island in 2007

Evaluación biomédica de implantes dentales sometidos a cargas oblicuas: combinación de varias características geométricas

Objective: an efficient and simple methodology, based on virtual simulation and computer modelling, for the assessment and evaluation of dental implants design is proposed in this work. Materials and methods: the finite element method, a very common tool in engineering applications, is used for the evaluation the biomechanical performance of the biomedical devices. Von Mises stress is used as the main parameter to assess the suitability of the implant, when it is subjected to functional and biological loading. Also, this work reports the effects on the implant caused by geometrical variations such as length, diameter, thread, cortical bone thickness and abutment inclination. The useful-life of the implant was estimated by performing, in a virtual way, the fatigue tests required by the ISO:14801 standard. Results: for all the analyzed cases, maximum stress was obtained at the connecting screw under oblique loading. The estimated useful-life of the implant was around 5.000.000 cycles, which satisfies both ISO standard and functional requirements. Also, maximum stress was found in the compact-bone tissue surrounding the implant, which is in very good agreement with previous reports. Conclusion: a dental implant with optimal characteristics is proposed and validated using the discussed methodology.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Proposal of Incorporation of plants of genus Heliconia sp. as a strategy for conservation and sustainable management of cocoa and coffee systems from the South of Lake Maracaibo, and Mocoties Valley, Venezuela

Como estrategia para la conservación de biodiversidad, se evaluó el potencial ecológico que representan cuatro especies de heliconias (Heliconia spp.) con inflorescencias erectas nativas del Sur del Lago de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Se midieron características propias de la fenología reproductiva como el número de flores inmaduras, flores maduras, frutos inmaduros y frutos maduros; de igual forma se consideraron características morfológicas de la inflorescencia como largo de la inflorescencia, número de brácteas, largo de la bráctea y el ancho de la base de la bráctea en Heliconia bihai L., H. latispatha Benth., H. acuminata A. Rich. y H. hirsuta. L. F. Se marcaron 30 plantas por especie y se realizaron medidas cada 15 días durante tres meses contados a partir de la floración. Al finalizar el estudio se determinó que H. bihai reportó diferencia significativa en las variables de estudio, siendo la especie que presenta las características de mayor relevancia ecológica para su incorporación en sistemas agroforestales de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) y café (Coffea arabica L.) biodiversos del Sur del Lago de Maracaibo y el Valle del Mocotíes venezolano. Al aportar sus flores mayor disponibilidad para albergar fauna útil como polinizadores y biocontroladores para dichos cultivos.In this study, it was assessed the ecological potential, as a strategy for biodiversity conservation, of four species of heliconias (Heliconia spp.) with erect inflorescences, native to the South of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Characteristics of reproductive phenology were measured, such as number of immature flowers, mature flowers, immature fruits, and mature fruits; morphologic characteristics of the inflorescence were also considered, such as length of inflorescence, number, length and width of bract, and width of the base of bract of Heliconia bihai L., H. latispatha Benth., H. acuminata A. Rich. y H. hirsuta L. F. 20 plants per species were marked and measured every 15 days during three months from the flowering. At the end of the study, it was determined that H. bihai had significant differences in the study variables, due to the fact that this was the species that showed greatest ecological relevance for incorporation in biodiverse agroforestry systems for cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), and coffee (Coffea arabica L.) from the South of Lake Maracaibo, and Mocoties Valley, Venezuela. By providing their flowers greater availability to host useful fauna such as pollinators and biocontrollers for such crops

Reconstruction of a coloring from its homogeneous sets

We study a reconstruction problem for colorings. Given a finite or countable set $X$, a coloring on $X$ is a function $\varphi: [X]^{2}\to \{0,1\}$, where $[X]^{2}$ is the collection of all 2-elements subsets of $X$. A set $H\subseteq X$ is homogeneous for $\varphi$ when $\varphi$ is constant on $[H]^2$. Let $hom(\varphi)$ be the collection of all homogeneous sets for $\varphi$. The coloring $1-\varphi$ is called the complement of $\varphi$. We say that $\varphi$ is {\em reconstructible} up to complementation from its homogeneous sets, if for any coloring $\psi$ on $X$ such that $hom(\varphi)=hom(\psi)$ we have that either $\psi=\varphi$ or $\psi=1-\varphi$. We present several conditions for reconstructibility and non reconstructibility. We show that there is a Borel way to reconstruct a coloring from its homogeneous sets