AgRISTARS: Interim catalog ground data summary, data acquisition year 1979

To honor numerous requests for information about data holdings, and to facilitate the requirements specifications process, a series of interim catalogs are being developed. The 1979 data acquisition year is covered in this volume with subsequent years to follow under different covers. This catalog lists by state those sample segment numbers for which aircraft data has been acquired and/or field inventory products produced

Celiac Disease and Neurological Symptoms

New research has revealed that Celiac disease, an autoimmune illness affecting the small intestine, has more ties with neurological side effects than once was thought. The classic and most well known presentation of Celiac disease is gastrointestinal, including symptoms such as abdominal pains, nausea, diarrhea, and flatulence. Researchers have more recently found a correlation between Celiac disease and neurological illnesses such as epilepsy, depression, dementia, and ADHD. Physician awareness of the disease and the neurological side of the illness should be heightened in order for patients to receive earlier diagnosis and a better quality of life. Because of the difficulty to diagnose this disease when the presentation is neurological, there is indication for mass screening programs to be implemented

Polysaccharide food matrices for controlling the release, retention and perception of flavours

Polysaccharides have many roles across both the food and pharmaceutics industries. They are commonly used to enhance viscosity, stabilise emulsions and to add bulk to food products. In the pharmaceutics industry, they are also utilised for their mucoadhesive nature. Mucoadhesive polysaccharides can facilitate retention of active ingredients at mucosal sites for a prolonged time and formulations can be designed to control their release and bioavailability. This study investigates how polysaccharides, with differing physicochemical properties (e.g. functional groups and molecular weight), affect the release and perception of flavour compounds from films. Polysaccharide films were prepared using either high or low viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose, pullulan or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Glucose, vanillin or a combination of both was also added to the films to assess the effect of flavour release and perception over time. The films were assessed for glucose release in vitro, swelling and disintegration times, and mucoadhesive ability. Results show that flavour release and perception depend on the polysaccharide matrix properties; this includes how quickly the films dissolves, the rate of release of tastant compounds, and the mucoadhesive strength of the polysaccharide. A higher viscosity and slower disintegration time resulted in slower release of glucose in vitro and flavour perception in vivo

Nondeterministic Instance Complexity and Proof Systems with Advice

Motivated by strong Karp-Lipton collapse results in bounded arithmetic, Cook and Krajíček [1] have recently introduced the notion of propositional proof systems with advice. In this paper we investigate the following question: Given a language L , do there exist polynomially bounded proof systems with advice for L ? Depending on the complexity of the underlying language L and the amount and type of the advice used by the proof system, we obtain different characterizations for this problem. In particular, we show that the above question is tightly linked with the question whether L has small nondeterministic instance complexity

Using multiple reference ontologies: Managing composite annotations

There are a growing number of reference ontologies available across a variety of biomedical domains and current research focuses on their construction, organization and use. An important use case for these ontologies is annotation—where users create metadata that access concepts and terms in reference ontologies. We draw on our experience in physiological modeling to present a compelling use case that demonstrates the potential complexity of such annotations. In the domain of physiological biosimulation, we argue that most annotations require the use of multiple reference ontologies. We suggest that these “composite” annotations should be retained as a repository of knowledge about post-coordination that promotes sharing and interoperation across biosimulation models

A freshwater diet-derived C-14 reservoir effect at the Stone Age sites in the Iron Gates gorge

Human bones from single inhumation burials and artifacts made from terrestrial mammal (ungulate) bone found in direct association with the skeletons were obtained from the Stone Age site of Schela Cladovei situated just below the iron Gates Gorge of the River Danube. The results of stable isotope analyses of the human bone collagen are consistent with a heavy dependence on aquatic protein while radiocarbon dating of the samples reveals an offset of 300-500 years between the two sample types, indicating a freshwater reservoir effect in the human bone samples, Since protein consumption is by far the major source of nitrogen in the human diet we have assumed a linear relationship between delta(15)N and the level of aquatic protein in each individual's diet and derived a calibration for C-14 age offset versus delta(15)N which has been applied to a series of results from the site at Lepenski Vir within the gorge, The corrected C-14 ages (7310-6720 BP) are now consistent with the previous C-14 age measurements made on charcoal from related contexts (7360-6560 BP). In addition, the data indicate a change from a primarily aquatic to a mixed terrestrial/aquatic diet around 7100 BP and this may be argued as supporting a shift from Mesolithic to Neolithic. This study also has wider implications for the accurate dating of human bone samples when the possibility exists of an aquatic component in the dietary protein and strongly implies that delta(15)N analysis should be undertaken routinely when dating human bones

Performance Investigation of TG-180 Combustor: I - Instrumentation, Altitude Operational Limits and Combustion Efficiency

A brief investigation has been made of the performance of a single combustor of the TG-180 turboJet engine to determine (a) the altitude operational limits of the engine for two fuels (AN-F-32 and AN-F-28), (b) combustion efficiencies at various simulated conditions of altitude and engine speeds, (c) combustion-outlet temperature distribution for several altitudes at constant engine speed, and (d) the combustor total pressure drop The limits with AN-83-F-32 fuel were found to be approximately 60,000 feet for an engine speed of 6000 rpm and approximately 38,000 feet for an engine speed of 1000 rpm. The results indicated that the altitude operational limits with AN-F-32 fuel are higher over the largest part of the engine-speed range than with AN-F-28 fuel, A combination efficiency of 22 percent was obtained at rated engine speed (7600 rpm) and an altitude of 20,000 feet with AN-F-32 fuel. A change in altitude from 20,000 tm 60,000 feet showed a 20-percent decrease in combustion efficiency while the engine was operating at 760G rpm whereas, at an engine speed of 4000 rpm a change of altitude from 10,000 to 40,000 feet showed a 52-percent decrease in combustion efficiency

Genome-wide co-expression analysis in multiple tissues

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) represent genetic control points of gene expression, and can be categorized as cis- and trans-acting, reflecting local and distant regulation of gene expression respectively. Although there is evidence of co-regulation within clusters of trans-eQTLs, the extent of co-expression patterns and their relationship with the genotypes at eQTLs are not fully understood. We have mapped thousands of cis- and trans-eQTLs in four tissues (fat, kidney, adrenal and left ventricle) in a large panel of rat recombinant inbred (RI) strains. Here we investigate the genome-wide correlation structure in expression levels of eQTL transcripts and underlying genotypes to elucidate the nature of co-regulation within cis- and trans-eQTL datasets. Across the four tissues, we consistently found statistically significant correlations of cis-regulated gene expression to be rare (<0.9% of all pairs tested). Most (>80%) of the observed significant correlations of cis-regulated gene expression are explained by correlation of the underlying genotypes. In comparison, co-expression of trans-regulated gene expression is more common, with significant correlation ranging from 2.9%-14.9% of all pairs of trans-eQTL transcripts. We observed a total of 81 trans-eQTL clusters (hot-spots), defined as consisting of > or =10 eQTLs linked to a common region, with very high levels of correlation between trans-regulated transcripts (77.2-90.2%). Moreover, functional analysis of large trans-eQTL clusters (> or =30 eQTLs) revealed significant functional enrichment among genes comprising 80% of the large clusters. The results of this genome-wide co-expression study show the effects of the eQTL genotypes on the observed patterns of correlation, and suggest that functional relatedness between genes underlying trans-eQTLs is reflected in the degree of co-expression observed in trans-eQTL clusters. Our results demonstrate the power of an integrative, systematic approach to the analysis of a large gene expression dataset to uncover underlying structure, and inform future eQTL studies

Device measures conductivity and velocity of ionized gas streams

Coaxial arrangement of primary coil and two sensing secondary coils contained inside slender quartz tube inserted into ionized stream permits simultaneous determination of conductivity and linear velocity. System results agree favorably with theory