Teeth sizes in their correlation with parameters of dentofacial arches and maxillofacial area based on native cranial preparations examination

The work offers a view on the results obtained from a radiological and morphometric study of native preparations obtained from 43 passported skulls with physiological occlusion and normodontia of permanent teeth under neutral position of the jaws and a neutral type of gnathic facial skull. It was found that in patients with physiological occlusion of permanent teeth, skulls with neutral type of gnathic facial part of the cranium as well as neutral jaw relationships proved to be predominant, while the major parameters of the dentofacial arches are determined through mesial-distal diameters of the teeth

METHODS OF BIOMETRICAL DIAGNOSTICS IN TRANSVERSAL DIRECTION IN PATIENTS WITH MESOGNATHIC TYPE OF DENTAL ARCHES

Aim. A comparative analysis of the horizontal parameters of mesognathic dental arches by the method of Pont and Linder-Harth. Materials and methods. The materials of the research were the results of measurements of diagnostic gypsum models of dental rows of 117 people aged 18-25 with a complete set of permanent teeth, physiological occlusion, mesognathic type of dental arches and various types of dental system. Measurement and calculation of the parameters of the dental arches in the transversal direction were carried out using the methods of Pont and Linder-Harth. Gnathic variants (mesognathy, dolichognathy, brachygnathy) of dental arches (Dmitrienko S.V., 2015) were determined taking into account the dental index calculated as the ratio of the half sum of the width of the crowns of 14 teeth to the width of the dental arch between the second molars. The types of the dental system (normodontia, macrodontia, microdontia) were determined from the summation of the width of the crowns of the upper teeth. Results. Biometric diagnostics of 117 pairs of gypsum models of dentition made it possible to establish that the methods of Pont and Linder-Harth are acceptable for the study of mesognathic dental arches as an estimate of transverse dimensions. There was no significant difference between the calculated indices and actual sizes in patients with mesognathic dental arches and various types of dental system, both in the premolar region and in the molar region. The size of the teeth is of decisive importance for the evaluation of the width of the dental arches of the mesognathic type. Conclusion. Optimization of medical and diagnostic measures in the clinic of orthodontics and orthopedic dentistry in the management of adult patients with dental-jaw pathology provides for the improvement of anthropometric studies, as well as the advisability of reviewing the conventional diagnostic regimens when studying the shape and size of dental arches to predict positive long-term results. Mathematically derived dependences of dental types of dental arches from their transversal parameters are informative, diagnostically significant values that can be used to predict the shape and size of dental arches in the treatment of patients with dentoalveolar anomalies in order to achieve an optimal functional and aesthetic result. The use of the Pont and Linder-Harth method in the analysis of the mesognathic dental arches has no significant errors, and can be used at the stages of diagnosis of shape and size anomalies in the transverse direction

Study of the profile of the soft tissues of the face, taking into account the individual typological features of the dental arches

Based on the results of the analysis of profile photostatic images of 96 people aged 18–25 years with physiological types of bite, the main anthropometric landmarks were determined and the position of the lips relative to the nasal line passing through the “n” point (nasion) and the “sn” point (subnasale) was studied. Depending on the size of the interincisal angle of the antagonistic medial incisors, which determine whether they belong to the trusive type of dental arches, patients were divided into three groups with mesotrusion (n=37), protrusive (n=34) and retrusion (n=25) types of dental arches. It was found that in almost all patients of the first group, the upper lip touches the nasal line, and the lower lip recedes slightly backwards, while the average value of the incisal angle is 135.24±3.09°. In most patients of the second group, the upper and lower lips are located anterior to the nasal line, and the average inter-incisal angle is 116.24±3.02°. Mostly in patients of the third group, the upper and lower lips were located behind the nasal line, and the average values of the incisal angle were 146.24±3.34°. The data obtained expand the understanding of the topography of the facies contour of the upper and lower lips with various types of dental arches, are of applied importance for assessing the harmony of the aesthetic profile of the soft tissues of the face, and are also criteria for the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of patients with dentoalveolar pathology, taking into account the individual characteristics of the maxillofacial region.</jats:p

MORPHOLOGICAL SPECIFICS OF CRANIOFACIAL COMPLEX IN PEOPLE WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF FACIAL SKELETON GROWTH IN CASE OF TRANSVERSAL OCCLUSION ANOMALIES

Harmonious structure of the craniofacial complex is the major component for physical, mental and social well-being. Therefore, delayed diagnostics and treatment of dentoalveolar pathology may lead not to social maladjustment only, yet also to an increased risk of periodontal diseases, carious lesions, and temporomandibular joint functional issues. Following the outcomes of studies involving head anthropometric measurements, computed tomograms and lateral teleradiography of 68 people with physiological occlusion and various types of the facial skeleton growth, a method has been proposed, which can be employed to evaluate the facial structure balance, based on the match between the anteroposterior dimensions of the maxilla alveolar process and the mandible alveolar part. Only 76.47 +/- 5.14% of patients have been identified as having balanced ratios; 14.71 +/- 4.29% of the patients were found to have maxillary sagittal dimensions prevailing, with another 8.82 +/- 3.44% featuring the prevalence of the mandible anterior-posterior dimensions. Besides, the dominance of the mandible body dimensions in relation to the branch has been found in all types of growth of the head facial area. The obtained data have been compared with the anthropometric and radiological data of 12 patients with cross occlusion. It has been proven that in patients with cross occlusion, a change in the face configuration and the dental system morphological status depends on the anomaly shape as well as on the degree of the mandible transversal shift

EFFICIENCY EVALUATION FOR COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DENTAL ARCHES ASYMMETRY AT SIMILAR NUMBER OF ANTIMERES

The paper analyzes the results of diagnostics and comprehensive treatment offered to 47 patients (both sexes, the first period of mature age) with asymmetry of the dental arches and the same number of antimeres, in view of their individual parameters of the dentofacial region. For cases of full set of teeth the treatment was performed employing conventional orthodontic methods implying the use of removable devices of mechanical, functional and directing action, as well as non-removable equipment (edgewise technique). The comprehensive treatment tailored to the individual parameters of the dentofacial scope facilitated normalization of the shape of the dental arches and the occlusal relationships restoration

Determining torque and angulation of permanent teeth in cases of brachygnatic dental arches depending on dentition type

The work highlights the results of a study performed involving 257 patients of both sexes in the first period of their adulthood, who had physiological occlusion of permanent teeth and brachygnathic shape of dental arches. Dental arches are considered brachygnath^ in cases where the width prevails largely over the depth, which makes the arch appear as short and wide. For cases with brachygnathic normodontia and microdontia the angles of vestibular-lingual inclination matched the low torque braces. Brachygnathic macrodontia arch shape showed the angles of vestibular-lingual inclination closer to the standard torque. The angulation angles in cases with brachygnathic shape of dental arches proved to be of no dependence with the size of the permanent teeth, while the difference in such factors was not significant

Dynamics of changes in transverse and frontal-retromolar jaw sizes in children throughout the orthodontic treatment stages

Through the biometric study of jaw models individual dimensions of the dental arches (upper and lower jaws) and hard palate were evaluated in children aged 3-4 years with optimal functional occlusion and malocclusion. In two years of dynamic observation in children with optimal functional occlusion a slight increase in the transversal sizes of the upper and lower teeth rows, as well as the width and height of the palate were found. As a result of the orthodontic treatment in children with malocclusion there was found an increase in frontal-retromolar and transverse dimensions of the dental arches of the upper and lower jaws combined with widening of the palate, while the change in the height of the palate was not statistically significant

Special features of dolichognathic dental arches in people with teeth size variations

The work offers a view on the results obtained from a study involving 253 patients of both sexes in the first period of their adulthood who had physiological occlusion of permanent teeth and dolichognathic (i. e. elongated in the sagittal direction) dental arches. It was found that in patients with dolichognathic normodontia as well as macrodontia the angles of vestibular-lingual inclination matched high torque braces. Patients with dolichognathic microdontia had their angles of vestibular-lingual inclination close to standard torque braces. The angulation angles in cases with dolichognathic shape of dental arches revealed virtually no dependence on the size of the permanent teeth, whereas the difference in these indicators was not statistically significant

Morphometric features of dental arches in the period of mixed dentition

Based on the results of a biometric study of plaster models of the jaws obtained in 38 children in the period of early mixed dentition (8–9 years old) with a neutral location of the first permanent molars and optimal incisal overlap corresponding to the optimal functional occlusion of this age category, the limits of variability of the dental arcade index were calculated arcs with macro-, micro- and normodental type of the dental system. The total value of the width of the crowns of 12 teeth in children in the period of early mixed dentition from 92 mm to 97 mm in the upper jaw and from 85 mm to 90 mm in the lower jaw is an indicator of the normodontic type of the dental system, while the length of the dental arch is less than 92 mm in the upper jaw and 85 mm on the lower jaw indicates that such arches belong to microdont ones, and more than 97 mm on the upper jaw and 90 mm on the lower jaw – to macrodont ones. In the early period of mixed dentition, the value of the arcade index, as the ratio of the width of the dental arch to its length, in the range from 0.57 c.u. up to 0.64 c.u. is an indicator of the mesoarcade type of dental arches, and an increase (more than 0.64 a.u.) or a decrease (less than 0.57 a.u.) of this value indicates that the dental arches belong to the brachiarcade or dolichoarcade types, respectively. When constructing a dental diagnostic triangle in children with anomalies in the shape of the dental arches in the early removable dentition, it is advisable to take into account that the value of the incisor-molar diagonals is established not by determining linear parameters, but by calculating the ratio of the length of the dental arch to the value of the diagonal correction factor (upper jaw – 1 .05; lower jaw – 1.07).</jats:p

Application of electromyography for diagnostics and control of effectiveness of treatment of patients with dental defects

The aim of the study was to study the bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles in adult patients with defects in the dentition complicated by distal occlusion. The material of the study was the bioelectric activity indices of the masticatory muscles obtained by electromyography in 47 patients with defects in the dentition complicated by distal occlusion. As a result, according to electromyography, criteria for the adaptation of masticatory muscles to new conditions for the functioning of the masticatory apparatus formed as a result of treatment were identified. The revealed criteria make it possible to objectively determine the duration of the period of adaptation of the masticatory muscles at the stages of complex treatment of patients with this pathology.</jats:p