Structural and Optical Properties of Electro Sprayed Tin Oxide Thin Films

Semiconducting transparent SnO2 thin films were prepared by microcontroller processed electro spraying technique. The structural and optical properties of the films were studied using X-ray diffractometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence spectroscopy respectively. The polycrystalline nature of the films with tetragonal structure was observed from XRD pattern with the mean grain size of 17 nm. The Optical band gap of the films was calculated from the absorption curve and the interference pattern was observed on transmittance spectra. The calculated band gap of 3.5 eV is larger than the bulk band gap of Tin oxide. The blue emission band at 388 nm was observed from room temperature photoluminescence analysis and the effect of excitation wavelength of the films were studied and discussed. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3598

Falling for fake news: investigating the consumption of news via social media

In the so called ‘post-truth’ era, characterized by a loss of public trust in various institutions, and the rise of ‘fake news’ disseminated via the internet and social media, individuals may face uncertainty about the veracity of information available, whether it be satire or malicious hoax. We investigate attitudes to news delivered by social media, and subsequent verification strategies applied, or not applied, by individuals. A survey reveals that two thirds of respondents regularly consumed news via Facebook, and that one third had at some point come across fake news that they initially believed to be true. An analysis task involving news presented via Facebook reveals a diverse range of judgement forming strategies, with participants relying on personal judgements as to plausibility and scepticism around sources and journalistic style. This reflects a shift away from traditional methods of accessing the news, and highlights the difficulties in combating the spread of fake news

Skill Acquisition through Project Based Learning the Collaborative Way

Teaching and learning is a multifaceted process involving different methods and the pedagogy involved. Different approaches, methods and techniques have evolved to enable acquisition of language but nothing unparalleled the Communicative Language Teaching. Its goal is to promote the development of real-life language skills by engaging the learner in contextualized, meaningful, and communicative-oriented learning tasks. Collaborative learning, one of the principles of Communicative Language Teaching, has been identified as a strong facilitator of group learning that enables mastery of content, develop critical thinking and problem solving skills, and enriches interpersonal skills which otherwise styles learners’ eloquence in speaking. This research paper discusses how the students have acquired these skills by working on a task i.e. submission of project in a team through collaborative learning. Through this approach the students were made to interact in the target language thus making them become dynamic conversational members who learnt to cooperate and exchange ideas, fine tune them, resolve conflicts, learn to organise ideas, plan and accomplish the project by acquiring the requisite skills

Low Complexity Multiplier-less Modified FRM Filter Bank using MPGBP Algorithm

The design of a low complexity multiplier-less narrow transition band filter bank for the channelizer of multi-standard software-defined radio (SDR) is investigated in this paper. To accomplish this, the modal filter and complementary filter in the upper and lower branches of the conventional Frequency Response Masking (FRM) architecture are replaced with two power-complementary and linear phase filter banks. Secondly, a new masking strategy is proposed to fully exploit the potential of the numerous spectra replicas produced by the interpolation of the modal filter, which was previously ignored in the existing FRM design. In this scheme, the two masking filters are appropriately modulated and alternately masked over the spectra replicas from 0 to 2$\pi$, to generate even and odd channels. This Alternate Masking Scheme (AMS) increases the potency of the Modified FRM (ModFRM) architecture for the design of a computationally efficient narrow transition band uniform filter bank (termed as ModFRM-FB). Finally, by combining the adjoining ModFRM-FB channels, Non-Uniform ModFRM-FB (NUModFRM-FB) for extracting different communication standards in the SDR channelizer is created. To reduce the total power consumption of the architecture, the coefficients of the proposed system are made multiplier-less using the Matching Pursuits Generalized Bit-Planes (MPGBP) algorithm. In this method, filter coefficients are successively approximated using a dictionary of vectors to give a sum-of-power-of-two (SOPOT) representation. In comparison to all other general optimization techniques, such as genetic algorithms, the suggested design method stands out for its ease of implementation, requiring no sophisticated optimization or exhaustive search schemes. Another notable feature of the suggested approach is that, in comparison to existing methods, the design time for approximation has been greatly reduced. To further bring down the complexity, adders are reused in recurrent SOPOT terms using the Common Sub-expression Elimination (CSE) technique without compromising the filter performance

Low Complexity Multiplier-less Modified FRM Filter Bank using MPGBP Algorithm

The design of a low complexity multiplier-less narrow transition band filter bank for the channelizer of multi-standard software-defined radio (SDR) is investigated in this paper. To accomplish this, the modal filter and complementary filter in the upper and lower branches of the conventional Frequency Response Masking (FRM) architecture are replaced with two power-complementary and linear phase filter banks. Secondly, a new masking strategy is proposed to fully exploit the potential of the numerous spectra replicas produced by the interpolation of the modal filter, which was previously ignored in the existing FRM design. In this scheme, the two masking filters are appropriately modulated and alternately masked over the spectra replicas from 0 to 2$\pi$, to generate even and odd channels. This Alternate Masking Scheme (AMS) increases the potency of the Modified FRM (ModFRM) architecture for the design of a computationally efficient narrow transition band uniform filter bank (termed as ModFRM-FB). Finally, by combining the adjoining ModFRM-FB channels, Non-Uniform ModFRM-FB (NUModFRM-FB) for extracting different communication standards in the SDR channelizer is created. To reduce the total power consumption of the architecture, the coefficients of the proposed system are made multiplier-less using the Matching Pursuits Generalized Bit-Planes (MPGBP) algorithm. In this method, filter coefficients are successively approximated using a dictionary of vectors to give a sum-of-power-of-two (SOPOT) representation. In comparison to all other general optimization techniques, such as genetic algorithms, the suggested design method stands out for its ease of implementation, requiring no sophisticated optimization or exhaustive search schemes. Another notable feature of the suggested approach is that, in comparison to existing methods, the design time for approximation has been greatly reduced. To further bring down the complexity, adders are reused in recurrent SOPOT terms using the Common Sub-expression Elimination (CSE) technique without compromising the filter performance

Securing Node Capture Attacks for Hierarchical Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract -Serious security threat is originated by node capture attacks in hierarchical data aggregation where a hacker achieves full control over a sensor node through direct physical access in wireless sensor networks. It makes a high risk of data confidentiality. In this study, we propose a securing node capture attacks for hierarchical data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. Initially network is separated into number of clusters, each cluster is headed by an aggregator and the aggregators are directly connected to sink. The aggregator upon identifying the detecting nodes selects a set of nodes randomly and broadcast a unique value which contains their authentication keys, to the selected set of nodes in first round of data aggregation. When any node within the group needs to transfer the data, it transfers slices of data to other nodes in that group, encrypted by individual authentication keys. Each receiving node decrypts, sums up the slices and transfers the encrypted data to the aggregator. The aggregator aggregates and encrypts the data with the shared secret key of the sink and forwards it to the sink. The set of nodes is reselected with new set of authentication keys in the second round of aggregation. By simulation results, we demonstrate that the proposed technique resolves the security threat of node capture attacks

Biotic activation of abiotic temperature stress tolerance in transgenic BT and wild type cotton

Activation of abiotic temperature stress tolerance in transgenic Bt and non-Bt cotton was studied using Pseudomonas fluorescens as biotic regulator. Seeds germinated at different temperatures after the bacterial treatment exhibited variation at the temperatures of 30°C and 37°C as measured in terms of percent seed germination in both Bt and non-Bt cotton. Pseudomonas treatment enhanced the seed germination in non-Bt cotton at 30°C. Enhancement of seed germination in Bt cotton was significant at 37°C after bacterial treatment. At elevated temperature of 45°C, neither Bt nor non-Bt seeds germinated, irrespective of Pseudomonas treatment. The temperature of 30°C supported better shoot and root growth of seedlings as compared to other temperatures tested. Pseudomonas treatment resulted in enhanced shoot and root length of Bt cotton seedlings at 30°C, whereas at 37° Chad negligible influence. Non-Bt cotton seeds treated with bacteria failed to show significant variation in root and shoot growth compared to untreated control. Activity gelelectrophoresis carried out to study the expression of superoxide dismutase revealed that the SOD activity in both Bt and non-Bt cotton was enhanced due to Pseudomonas seed treatment

COMPREHENSIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT PHARMACOTHERAPY: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY STRATEGIES AND QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR ENHANCED PATIENT-CENTERED OUTCOME

Pain management is a critical aspect of healthcare in diseased patients, involving the alleviation of both acute and chronic pain through a multidisciplinary approach. Acute pain can often be resolved with direct pharmacological interventions, while chronic pain requires more complex treatment and coordinated efforts. Multidisciplinary teams typically include medical professionals, pharmacists, psychotherapists, and rehabilitation specialists and other healthcare professionals in the setup of the organization. Pain can persist due to ongoing pathology, unresolved trauma, or unidentified causes, necessitating varied treatment strategies such as administration of analgesics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, physical therapy, and psychological interventions. Effective pain management mainly relies on accurate pain assessment, the chronic pain assessment and the use of quality improvement programs. The Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) recognized pain management as critical quality indicator in 1999, incorporating pharmacotherapy as the fifth vital sign and encouraging institutional accountability for the management of pain. Guidelines are developed by agencies such as, the Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research emphasize patient education, prompt pain assessment, and consistent documentation of treatment effectiveness. Developing quality assurance programme for the management of pain and pharmacotherapy by administering drugs of opioids, NSAIDs and other non-opioid medications. Multidisciplinary collaboration to establish various policy guidelines for quality assurance pain management establish policies, train staff, and evaluate program effectiveness.The Case studies highlight the diversity of pain management which needs across patient populations, from the postoperative care to chronic conditions. These cases which demonstrates the necessity of tailored approaches, particularly for managing pain in the elderly patients or those with complex medical conditions. A comprehensive, bio psychosocial rehabilitation approach is emphasized, integrating medical, psychological, and physical therapies to improve patient outcomes and quality of life