Classical and Quantum Mechanics of Anyons

We review aspects of classical and quantum mechanics of many anyons confined in an oscillator potential. The quantum mechanics of many anyons is complicated due to the occurrence of multivalued wavefunctions. Nevertheless there exists, for arbitrary number of anyons, a subset of exact solutions which may be interpreted as the breathing modes or equivalently collective modes of the full system. Choosing the three-anyon system as an example, we also discuss the anatomy of the so called ``missing'' states which are in fact known numerically and are set apart from the known exact states by their nonlinear dependence on the statistical parameter in the spectrum. Though classically the equations of motion remains unchanged in the presence of the statistical interaction, the system is non-integrable because the configuration space is now multiply connected. In fact we show that even though the number of constants of motion is the same as the number of degrees of freedom the system is in general not integrable via action-angle variables. This is probably the first known example of a many body pseudo-integrable system. We discuss the classification of the orbits and the symmetry reduction due to the interaction. We also sketch the application of periodic orbit theory (POT) to many anyon systems and show the presence of eigenvalues that are potentially non-linear as a function of the statistical parameter. Finally we perform the semiclassical analysis of the ground state by minimizing the Hamiltonian with fixed angular momentum and further minimization over the quantized values of the angular momentum.Comment: 44 pages, one figure, eps file. References update

Dietary Salt Intake and Hypertension in An Urban South Indian Population – [CURES - 53]

Objective : The aim of the study was to determine the mean dietary salt intake in urban south India and to look at its association with hypertension. Methods : The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) is an ongoing population based study on a representative population of Chennai city in southern India. Phase 1 of CURES recruited 26,001 individuals aged ≥ 20 years, of whom every tenth subject (n=2600) was invited to participate in Phase 3 for detailed dietary studies and 2220 subjects participated in the present study (response rate : 84.5%). Participants with self-reported history of hypertension, diabetes or heart disease were excluded from the study (n=318) and thus the final study numbers were 1902 subjects. Dietary salt, energy, macronutrients and micronutrients intake were measured using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Diagnosis of hypertension was based on the National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to look at the association of dietary salt with hypertension. Results : Mean dietary salt intake (8.5 g/d) in the population was higher than the recommended by the World Health Organization (<5g/d). Higher salt intake was associated with older age and higher income (p for trend<0.0001). Subjects in the highest quintile of salt intake had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension than did those in the lowest quintile (48.4 vs 16.6%, p<0.0001). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly increased with increase in quintiles of total dietary salt both among hypertensive and normotensive subjects (p for trend p1 teaspoon/day at the dining table was associated with a higher prevalence for hypertension compared to zero added salt (38.5% vs 23.3%, Chi-square = 18.95; p<0.0001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that even after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, total energy intake and dietary fat, total dietary salt intake was positively associated with hypertension. [Odds ratio (OR): 1.161, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.115-1.209, p<0.0001]. Conclusion: Intake of dietary salt in urban south India is higher than currently recommended. Increasing salt intake is associated with increased risk for hypertension even after adjusting for potential confounders. This calls for urgent steps to decrease salt consumption of the population at high ris

Classical Many-particle Clusters in Two Dimensions

We report on a study of a classical, finite system of confined particles in two dimensions with a two-body repulsive interaction. We first develop a simple analytical method to obtain equilibrium configurations and energies for few particles. When the confinement is harmonic, we prove that the first transition from a single shell occurs when the number of particles changes from five to six. The shell structure in the case of an arbitrary number of particles is shown to be independent of the strength of the interaction but dependent only on its functional form. It is also independent of the magnetic field strength when included. We further study the effect of the functional form of the confinement potential on the shell structure. Finally we report some interesting results when a three-body interaction is included, albeit in a particular model.Comment: Minor corrections, a few references added. To appear in J. Phys: Condensed Matte

Social Media Based Algorithmic Clinical Decision Support Learning from Behavioral Predispositions

Behavioral disorders are disabilities characterized by an individual’s mood, thinking, and social interactions. The commonality of behavioral disorders amongst the United States population has increased in the last few years, with an estimated 50% of all Americans diagnosed with a behavioral disorder at some point in their lifetime. AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is one such behavioral disorder that is a severe public health concern because of its high prevalence, incurable nature, significant impact on domestic life, and peer relationships. Symptomatically, in theory, ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Access to providers who can offer diagnosis and treat the disorder varies by location. The ever-increasing use of social media can be effectively employed in the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. Study of behavior and in extension, the study of individuals with behavioral disorders is made easier through the uninhibited setting in which posts are created on social media platforms. Outside the United States, diagnosis rates of the disorder are low, as it is mainly considered to be an American disorder. This impression was reinforced by the perception that the disorder is caused by social and cultural factors common to American society. However, in reality, the disorder can as quickly affect people of different races and cultures worldwide, but recognition of the disorder in the medical community has been slow. This may be due to its adverse impact on an individual, their families, and society. This dissertation focuses on providing clinicians with a clinical decision support system to overcome the societal stigma associated with the disorder and to ensure the accurate and efficient diagnosis of individuals with the disorder. The results provided in this dissertation assist in the diagnosis of individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Data for individuals with the disorder is collected through posts of self-reported diagnoses on Twitter using the Twitter API. Previous research has proved that there are differences in behavior before and after the diagnosis of the disorder. To capitalize on this, symptomatic differences of the disease before and after diagnosis are discovered and evaluated. The symptoms of the disorder, namely, inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, are quantified using measures of sentiment and semantics. A separate group of users without the disorder, the control group, are collected for validation. The analysis poses a three-class classification problem, with the classes being pre-diagnosed, postdiagnosed, and control groups. Decision trees are used to force all possible outcomes in the semantic and sentiment differences in the three classes of users to create a clear delineation. Behavioral disorders diagnosed by a clinician are based on identifying whether a patient deviates from an identified normal. This is evaluated by answering a set list of questions that quantify behavior. To achieve the same without manual intervention, ease in interpretability - decision trees are chosen. Classification using a decision tree is on a tweetlevel and a user-level. Four cases are used both analyses: pre-diagnosed vs. post-diagnosed group, pre-diagnosed vs. control group, post-diagnosed vs. control group, and prediagnosed vs. post-diagnosed vs. control group. The analysis on a user-level provides a higher degree of accuracy, with 93% accuracy for the case post-diagnosed vs. control group. The accuracy of the cases identifies the number of people who can be correctly classified into their respective groups. Low accuracy for the tweet-level results fortifies the opinion that the sparsity of information in tweet level analysis is a disadvantage. This is overcome by analyzing on a user level. The accuracy of the classifier can be further improved upon by the addition of features such as age and gender. The addition of these features may also be useful in predicting time to remission and peak of the disorder in future studies

Development of Digital Repository and Retrieval System for Rose Germplasm Management

Live repository of rose consisting of different genotypes and species of roses available across the globe has been established at ICAR-IIHR. All these genotypes have been characterized for 60 morphological characters for description of these varieties. Along with the live repository of plants, efforts have been made to develop digital repository of all these genotypes. The digital repository consists of description of characters, quantitative measurement for selected important characters and images for all the descriptors. A web-enabled interface has been developed for the selective retrieval of accessions with desired characters, and also for retrieval of all the information for the selected genotype. The information system will be useful across the germplasm collection centers, for the breeders and other end users by enabling them to select the appropriate germplasm andavoid duplicates

Inherited biotic protection in a Neotropical pioneer plant

Chelonanthus alatus is a bat-pollinated, pioneer Gentianaceae that clusters in patches where still-standing, dried-out stems are interspersed among live individuals. Flowers bear circum-floral nectaries (CFNs) that are attractive to ants, and seed dispersal is both barochorous and anemochorous. Although, in this study, live individuals never sheltered ant colonies, dried-out hollow stems - that can remain standing for 2 years - did. Workers from species nesting in dried-out stems as well as from ground-nesting species exploited the CFNs of live C. alatus individuals in the same patches during the daytime, but were absent at night (when bat pollination occurs) on 60.5% of the plants. By visiting the CFNs, the ants indirectly protect the flowers - but not the plant foliage - from herbivorous insects. We show that this protection is provided mostly by species nesting in dried-out stems, predominantly Pseudomyrmex gracilis. That dried-out stems remain standing for years and are regularly replaced results in an opportunistic, but stable association where colonies are sheltered by one generation of dead C. alatus while the live individuals nearby, belonging to the next generation, provide them with nectar; in turn, the ants protect their flowers from herbivores. We suggest that the investment in wood by C. alatus individuals permitting stillstanding, dried-out stems to shelter ant colonies constitutes an extended phenotype because foraging workers protect the flowers of live individuals in the same patch. Also, through this process these dried-out stems indirectly favor the reproduction (and so the fitness) of the next generation including both their own offspring and that of their siblings, alladding up to a potential case of inclusive fitness in plants

Clinical study of placenta previa and its effect on maternal health and fetal outcome

Background: When the placenta is implanted partially or completely in the lower uterine segment it is called placenta previa. The objective of the study was to determine the incidence, obstetric risk factors, obstetric management, maternal mortality and morbidity, perinatal outcome in women presenting with placenta previa.Methods: Total 106 pregnant women with placenta previa were analyzed between January to December 2015. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria these women were analyzed with respect to their age, parity, gestational age and clinical features at presentation, history of warning bleeding, duration  of hospitalization, need for blood transfusion, period of gestation at delivery, route of delivery and ICU admissions. For the newborn APGAR score, birth weight, need for NICU admission, still birth rate, neonatal mortality rate are noted down.Results: In this study 0.64% of the deliveries were complicated with placenta previa among them 23.6% women were above 30 years of age and 80.2% were multigravidas. 60.4% had major degree placenta previa, 36.8% had prior cesarean deliveries, 7.5% had prior abortion, 39.7% preterm deliveries. 85.8% cases delivered by cesarean delivery, 12.7% cases had postpartum haemorrhage and 4.7% had adherent placenta. There were 86.8% ICU admissions, 3.8% cases of acute kidney injury in present series.Conclusions: Advancing maternal age, multiparity, prior cesarean section, and prior abortions are independent risk factors for placenta previa. Placenta praevia remains a risk factor for adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. The detection of placenta previa should encourage a careful evaluation with timely delivery to reduce the associated maternal and perinatal complications

A new method for secure kNN algorithm to guarantee the security of the outsourced data maintaining its searchability

Distributed computing is a promising IT framework that can make a ton out of IT resources in a profitable and versatile manner. Continuously different associations plan to move their close by information the board systems to the cloud and store and manage their item information on cloud servers. A going with challenge is the way to guarantee the security of the monetarily mystery information while keeping up the capacity to look through the information. In this paper, a security protecting information search plan is suggested that can support both the identifier-based and include based item look. Specifically, two novel rundown trees are created and encoded that can be looked without knowing the plaintext information