Experimental Investigation of Frequency Chaos Game Representation for In Silico and Accurate Classification of Viral Pathogens from Genomic Sequences

This paper presents an experimental investigation to determine the efficacy and the appropriate order of Frequency Chaos Game Representation (FCGR) for accurate and in silico classification of pathogenic viruses. For this study, we curated genomic sequences of selected viral pathogens from the virus pathogen database and analysis resource corpus. The viral genomes were encoded using the first to seventh order FCGRs so as to produce training and testing genomic data features. Thereafter, four different kernels of naïve Bayes classifier were experimentally trained and tested with the generated FCGR genomic features. The performance result with the highest average classification accuracy of 98% was returned by the third and fourth order FCGRs. However, due to consideration for memory utilization, computational efficiency vis-à-vis classification accuracy, the third order FCGR is deemed suitable for accurate classification of viral pathogens from genome sequences. This provides a promising foundation for developing genomic based diagnostic toolkit that could be used to promptly address the global incidence of epidemics from pathogenic viruses

Vegetable Peel Waste for the Production of ZnO Nanoparticles and its Toxicological Efficiency, Antifungal, Hemolytic, and Antibacterial Activities

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are important materials when making different products like sun screens, textiles, and paints. In the current study, the photocatalytic effect of prepared ZnO NPs from Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) was evaluated on degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye, which is largely released from textile industries and is harmful to the environment. Preliminarily, ZnO NP formation was confirmed using a double beam ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer; further, the NP size was estimated using XRD analysis and the functional group analysis was determined using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The morphology of the synthesized NPs was found to be a hexagonal shape using SEM and TEM analysis and elemental screening was analyzed using EDX. ZnO NPs were shown sized 40–45 nm and spherical in shape. The degradation percentage of ZnO NPs was calculated as 94% at 70 min and the rate of the reaction –k = 0.0282. The synthesized ZnO NPs were determined for effectiveness on biological activities such as antifungal, hemolytic, and antibacterial activity. ZnO NPs showed good antifungal activity against Alternaria saloni and Sclerrotium rolfii strains. Further, we have determined the hemolytic and antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs and we got successive results in antibacterial and hemolytic activities

Effect of Electron Energy Distribution Function on Power Deposition and Plasma Density in an Inductively Coupled Discharge at Very Low Pressures

A self-consistent 1-D model was developed to study the effect of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) on power deposition and plasma density profiles in a planar inductively coupled plasma (ICP) in the non-local regime (pressure < 10 mTorr). The model consisted of three modules: (1) an electron energy distribution function (EEDF) module to compute the non-Maxwellian EEDF, (2) a non-local electron kinetics module to predict the non-local electron conductivity, RF current, electric field and power deposition profiles in the non-uniform plasma, and (3) a heavy species transport module to solve for the ion density and velocity profiles as well as the metastable density. Results using the non-Maxwellian EEDF model were compared with predictions using a Maxwellian EEDF, under otherwise identical conditions. The RF electric field, current, and power deposition profiles were different, especially at 1mTorr, for which the electron effective mean free path was larger than the skin depth. The plasma density predicted by the Maxwellian EEDF was up to 93% larger for the conditions examined. Thus, the non-Maxwellian EEDF must be accounted for in modeling ICPs at very low pressures.Comment: 19 pages submitted to Plasma Sources Sci. Techno

Présélection pour la résistance à lamaladie de la pourriture brune des cabosses du cacaoyer

Mille cent soixante-dix plants de descendants de 24 croisements faisant intervenir 48 parents de trois groupes de population de cacaoyers (Forastero, Refractario et Trinitario) ont été évalués pour leur résistance foliaire à Phytophthora palmivora en utilisant un es sur disques de feuilles (LDT). Les 48 parents utilisés dans les croisement ont aussi été évalués pour la résistance des cabosses à l'aide du test d'inoculation sur des cabosses détachées (DPT) et pour les performances au champ relatives à la pour brame et à la maladie des balais de sorcières. Un large écart entre les scores de morbidité moyens ont été observés en réponse à l'infection à la fois chez les populations parentales (1,27 à 4,40) et les descendants (1,84 à 3,32), basés sur une échelle d'évaluation de la maladie allant de 1 à 5. Les scores du test DTP allaient de 1 à 6, basés sur une échelle d'évaluation de la maladie allant de 1 à 8. Le nombre de cabosses infectées pour les parents allait de 0 à 5 par accession. Plusieurs méthodes d'évaluation (LDT, DPT et observations an champ) pour la résistance à la pourriture brume ont été examinées pour déterminer la nature de la relation qui existe entre elles. Aucune relation linéaire (coefficient de corrélation R2= 0,024) n'a été observée lorsque les moyennes des descendants pour le LDT ont fait l'objet d'une analyse de régression sur les demi-moyennes parentales, ce qui suggère que les performances parentales peuvent ne pas être un véritable indicateur pour la performance des descendants. De la même façon, de faibles relations ont été observées entre observation sur le terrain pour les parents et LDT pour leurs descendants (coefficient de corrélation R2 = 0,005) et aussi entre DTP (parents) et LDT pour leurs descendants (coefcient de corrélation R2 = 0,006). De plus, seule une relation très faible existait entre DPT et observations au champ (coefcient de corrélation R2 = 0,0002), ce qui signifie que le DPT peut ne pas refléter la situation réelle de la résistance au champ. Les implications de ces conclusions en lien avec l'application du LDT comme outil pour l'évaluation de la résistance foliaire à Phytophthora palmivora chez les clones de cacaoyers et leurs populations de sélection sont analysées. (Résumé d'auteur

Molecular diffusion in polymer solutions by a microinterferometric method

The object of this investigation of molecular diffusion in aqueous polymer solutions was to study the effect of solute concentration on the differential diffusion coefficient and also to study the effect of polymer concentration on the mean integral diffusion coefficient. For this purpose a microinterferometric method was used. Two non-ionic, water soluble polymers, Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and Carboxypolymethylene (Carbopol), were used in the study with D-Glucose as a solute. The differential diffusion coefficient was found to increase with increases in solute concentration in all cases. For CMC, the integral diffusion coefficient at first decreased with increasing polymer concentration but became constant after a certain value of polymer concentration has been reached. For Carbopol, the integral diffusion coefficient decreased with increasing polymer concentration. It appears that the Wilke-Chang correlation may approximately predict the differential diffusivity of the solute at very low solute concentrations in the polymeric solutions with a probable error of ± 10% --Abstract, page ii

VARIATION OF PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE WITH BODY MASS INDEX IN THE FIRST YEAR MALE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF VISWABHARATHI MEDICAL COLLEGE, KURNOOL

Background: Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affectedâ€. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory maneuver starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The pulmonary disorders due to obesity results in increased mortality and morbidity. Aims: To study the effect of Body Mass Index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Medical students. Methods &amp; Methods: study was performed on 60 Male age group of 17-22 Years, categorized as normal Weight BMI= 18.5-24.99kg/m2 and overweight BMI= 25-29.99 Kg/m2. There were 30 students with normal Weight BMI and 30 students with overweight BMI. Normal weight BMI subjects acted as control group to compare the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate with over weight. The parameters studied were weight, height, age, body mass index and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Student’s unpaired t-test was used for two group’s comparison. Results: The results of the investigation revealed a significantly lower Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among the overweight BMI subjects compared to normal weight BMI subjects. Conclusion: Thus it is evident from the present study that obesity significantly affects the pulmonary functions which may give rise to long term complications and may lead to early morbidity and mortality.Key words: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Body Mass Index; Obesity

VARIATION OF PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE WITH BODY MASS INDEX IN THE FIRST YEAR MALE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF VISWABHARATHI MEDICAL COLLEGE, KURNOOL

Background: Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affectedâ€. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory maneuver starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The pulmonary disorders due to obesity results in increased mortality and morbidity. Aims: To study the effect of Body Mass Index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Medical students. Methods &amp; Methods: study was performed on 60 Male age group of 17-22 Years, categorized as normal Weight BMI= 18.5-24.99kg/m2 and overweight BMI= 25-29.99 Kg/m2. There were 30 students with normal Weight BMI and 30 students with overweight BMI. Normal weight BMI subjects acted as control group to compare the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate with over weight. The parameters studied were weight, height, age, body mass index and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Student’s unpaired t-test was used for two group’s comparison. Results: The results of the investigation revealed a significantly lower Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among the overweight BMI subjects compared to normal weight BMI subjects. Conclusion: Thus it is evident from the present study that obesity significantly affects the pulmonary functions which may give rise to long term complications and may lead to early morbidity and mortality.Key words: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Body Mass Index; Obesity