Investigation of Single Boron Acceptors at the Cleaved Si:B (111) Surface

The cleaved and (2 x 1) reconstructed (111) surface of p-type Si is investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Single B acceptors are identified due to their characteristic voltage-dependent contrast which is explained by a local energetic shift of the electronic density of states caused by the Coulomb potential of the negatively charged acceptor. In addition, detailed analysis of the STM images shows that apparently one orbital is missing at the B site at sample voltages of 0.4 - 0.6 V, corresponding to the absence of a localized dangling-bond state. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy confirms a strongly altered density of states at the B atom due to the different electronic structure of B compared to Si.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Effects of Magnetic Order on the Upper Critical Field of UPt3_3

I present a Ginzburg-Landau theory for hexagonal oscillations of the upper critical field of UPt$_3$ near $T_c$. The model is based on a $2D$ representation for the superconducting order parameter, $\vec{\eta}=(\eta_1,\eta_2)$, coupled to an in-plane AFM order parameter, $\vec{m}_s$. Hexagonal anisotropy of $H_{c2}$ arises from the weak in-plane anisotropy energy of the AFM state and the coupling of the superconducting order parameter to the staggered field. The model explains the important features of the observed hexagonal anisotropy [N. Keller, {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 73}, 2364 (1994).] including: (i) the small magnitude, (ii) persistence of the oscillations for $T\rightarrow T_c$, and (iii) the change in sign of the oscillations for $T> T^{*}$ and $T< T^{*}$ (the temperature at the tetracritical point). I also show that there is a low-field crossover (observable only very near $T_c$) below which the oscillations should vanish.Comment: 9 pages in a RevTex (3.0) file plus 2 postscript figures (uuencoded). Submitted to Physical Review B (December 20, 1994)

Critical Behavior of the Conductivity of Si:P at the Metal-Insulator Transition under Uniaxial Stress

We report new measurements of the electrical conductivity sigma of the canonical three-dimensional metal-insulator system Si:P under uniaxial stress S. The zero-temperature extrapolation of sigma(S,T -> 0) ~\S - S_c\^mu shows an unprecidentedly sharp onset of finite conductivity at S_c with an exponent mu = 1. The value of mu differs significantly from that of earlier stress-tuning results. Our data show dynamical sigma(S,T) scaling on both metallic and insulating sides, viz. sigma(S,T) = sigma_c(T) F(\S - S_cT^y) where sigma_c(T) is the conductivity at the critical stress S_c. We find y = 1/znu = 0.34 where nu is the correlation-length exponent and z the dynamic critical exponent.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

E1gE_{1g} model of superconducting UPt3_3

The phase diagram of superconducting UPt$_3$ is explained in a Ginzburg-Landau theory starting from the hypothesis that the order parameter is a pseudo-spin singlet which transforms according to the $E_{1g}$ representation of the $D_{6h}$ point group. We show how to compute the positions of the phase boundaries both when the applied field is in the basal plane and when it is along the c-axis. The experimental phase diagrams as determined by longitudinal sound velocity data can be fit using a single set of parameters. In particular the crossing of the upper critical field curves for the two field directions and the apparent isotropy of the phase diagram are reproduced. The former is a result of the magnetic properties of UPt$_3$ and their contribution to the free energy in the superconducting state. The latter is a consequence of an approximate particle-hole symmetry. Finally we extend the theory to finite pressure and show that, in contrast to other models, the $E_{1g}$ model explains the observed pressure dependence of the phase boundaries.Comment: RevTex, 29 pages, 18 PostScript figures in a uuencoded, gzipped tar file. PostScript version of paper, tar file of PostScript figures and individual PostScript figures are also available via anonymous ftp at ftp://nym.physics.wisc.edu/anonymou/papers/upt3

Erwartungen von Beschäftigten an die sozial-ökologische Transformation (Employees' Expectations of the Social-Ecological Transformation)

Die Studie beruht auf einer repräsentativen Beschäftigtenumfrage. Die Erhebung dokumentiert erstmals mit einem Fokus auf Beschäftigte, wie diese über den Klimawandel und die anstehende sozial-ökologische Transformation denken. Sie zeigt, dass sich Beschäftigte in der Tendenz gut informiert fühlen und zugleich sehr besorgt über den Klimawandel sind. Viele sehen eine hohe Dringlichkeit für Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Klimakrise und erwarten hier aktives Handeln vor allem von der Bundesregierung und den Unternehmen, sind aber in vielen Bereichen auch persönlich zu Veränderungen bereit. (The study is based on a representative employee survey. For the first time, the survey documents how employees in Germany think about climate change and the upcoming socio-ecological transformation. It shows that employees tend to feel well informed and at the same time very concerned about climate change. Many see a high level of urgency for measures to mitigate the climate crisis and expect active action here, especially from the federal government and companies, but are also personally willing to make changes in many areas.

Wie blicken Arbeitnehmer:innen auf die Energiewende? Eine Analyse entlang politischer Parteipräferenzen

Anhand einer repräsentativen Umfrage unter Beschäftigten analysiert das vorliegende Paper die Zustimmung zu energiepolitischen Maßnahmen und die Wahrnehmung sozioökonomischer Folgen entlang politischer Parteipräferenzen. Zwischen den parteipolitischen Linien „Mitte links“ (SPD, Grüne, Die Linke), „Mitte rechts“ (CDU/CSU, FDP) und „populistisch“ (BSW, AfD) finden sich deutliche Unterschiede, aber über die parteipolitischen Differenzen hinaus auch Mehrheiten für die Kopplung staatlicher Förderung an gute Arbeitsbedingungen und für mehr demokratische und finanzielle Teilhabe an der Energiewende. Based on a representative survey of employees, this paper analyses approval of energy policy measures and the perception of socio-economic consequences along political party preferences. There are clear differences between the party political lines "centre left" (SPD, Greens, Die Linke), "centre right" (CDU/CSU, FDP) and "populist" (BSW, AfD), but beyond the party political differences there are also majorities for linking state funding to good working conditions and for more democratic and financial participation in the energy transition

Overcoming Postcommunist Labour Weakness: Attritional and Enabling Effects of MNCs in Central and Eastern Europe

Based on micro-level analysis of the developments in the steel sector in Poland, Romania and Slovakia, this paper examines the effects of multinational corporations (MNCs) on labour unions in Central and Eastern Europe. It makes a three-fold argument. First, it shows that union weakness can be attributed to unions’ strategies during the restructuring and privatization processes of postcommunist transition. Consequently, tactics used for union regeneration in the West are less applicable to CEE. Rather, the overcoming of postcommunist legacy is linked to the power of transnational capital. Through attritional and enabling effects, ownership by MNCs forces the unions to focus their efforts on articulating workers’ interests. The paper examines the emerging system of industrial relations in the sector and explores the development of the capabilities needed to overcome postcommunist legacies

German Trade Unions and Decarbonisation: A Transition to Green Growth, A‐Growth or Degrowth?

While the need for a transformation to tackle climate change is no longer contested, competing visions about the future have taken the front seat in political debates. Previous research on stakeholders in the European Parliament and the German Bundestag identified opposing views relating to green growth, degrowth and post-growth. In relation to trade unions, these have recently been discussed conceptually to some extent, but empirical work on the topic has hitherto been absent. Drawing on 25 semi-structured interviews with representatives of Germany's DGB trade unions, we find that, despite their strong support for a green growth narrative and official opposition to post-growth thought, the majority of interviewees sketched out concrete visions for a just future that in some respects aligns with post- or a-growth positions. In line with post-growth discourses, trade union officials described an economy that allows for ‘a good life’ and ‘good work’, based on principles of co-determination, secure and well-paid jobs ensured by collective bargaining, income, wealth and inheritance tax reform and a stronger, more active role of the state. Findings suggest that despite German labour unions’ shared opposition to the term post-growth or degrowth, there is significant overlap in terms of concrete goals and policy proposals

What workers want: Conditions for a fair and just transition in the UK

There is cynicism amongst UK workers that the transition to a low carbon economy will lead to high quality, local jobs, with over a third considering local job losses likely. There is a threefold need for managed decarbonisation: to meet national emissions targets, to mitigate against political backlash, andto revitalise local and regional economies. The complexity of realising the low carbon transitionand its potential risks to employment highlight the importance of including workers and their representatives in planning. This briefing synthesises wide-ranging research from the Centre for Employment Relations, Innovation and Change (CERIC) which points to conditions for a low carbon transition, from the perspectives of both workers and those who represent them. We recommend that the UK government learns from international example to ensure oversight and fairness in the transition and reap the co-benefits that a managed transition can provide.