INTEGRAL ALGORITHM OF P300 RECOGNITION IN EEG FOR BCI APPLICATION

Aim - developing the integral algorithm of recognition of the evoked potential (ERP-response) to a target visual stimulus and testing of the proposed algorithm on the wireless 5-channel electroencephalograph Emotiv Insight with “dry” electrodes. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were the EEG records of five volunteers. Were used 5-channel wireless EEG headset Emotiv Insight, self-developed software «eSpeller», software environment MathWork® MATLAB R2015a. Results. It was found that the proposed integral algorithm of recognition of electrical activity of the cerebral cortex to a target visual stimulus shows the accuracy of the detection from 71.5% to 90.6% with the average value 80.1+7.2%, using EEG headset Emotiv Insight. Conclusion. The algorithm shows a high level of reliability of recognition of evoked potential to a target visual stimulus, does not require large computing power, sophisticated classification methods and machine learning. The testing of the algorithm suggests the possibility of using the electroencephalograph Emotiv Insight with "dry" electrodes in the development of BCI

CHANGES IN PATTERNS OF SENSORIMOTOR EEG RHYTHMS DURING MOTOR IMAGERY

Aim - the determination of common and individual characteristics in patterns of sensorimotor rhythms of EEG during motor imagery in upper and lower limbs. Materials and methods. 20 right-handed students of Samara State Medical University at the age of 18-20 years took part in the investigation, signing informed consent. Monopolar EEG was recorded with the use of 128-channel EEG recording system (BP-010302 BrainАmpStandart 128) at rest and during the imagining of monovector movements in 4 limbs (bending fingers of the right hand, bending fingers of the left hand, dorsiflexion of the right foot, dorsiflexion of the left foot); and during the imagining of triple-vector movements in the dominant hand (fingers bending, elbow flexion, wrist rotation). The following programs and methods were used during the processing of EEG: MatLab, IBM SPSS Statistics 22, ICA (independent component analysis), CSP (Common Spatial Pattern), LORETA. Results. It was found out that alpha2- and beta2- EEG frequency bands are highly significant for the formation of contralateral activation focus during motor imagery in the 4 limbs. ERD / ERS of the EEG rhythms were more pronounced during imagining movements in the dominant limbs (right hand, right leg) than in non-dominant.We found individuality of responses of sensorimotor EEG rhythms in addition to the general trends of EEG changes during imagination of one-type movement in the 4 limbs. The significance of changes in the power of EEG sensorimotor rhythms for differentiating 3 degrees of freedom during motor imagery in one limb was not found. Conclusion. Event-related desynchronization/synchro-nization(ERD/ERS) of sensorimotor EEG rhythms related to motor imagery has individual characteristics and their classification will lead to the significant increase of the number of degrees of freedom in creation and implementation of BCI

Neurophysiological and Psychophysiological Characteristics of Esports Players During Competitions (Review)

In recent years, esports has evolved into a global socio-economic and cultural phenomenon, officially recognized as a sport in a number of countries. Modern disciplines place complex demands on players, including quick sensorimotor reactions, sustained attention, instant decision making, and team coordination. Unlike traditional sports, esports relies primarily on cognitive and psychophysiological resources, as well as the ability to maintain an optimal level of nervous system activation over extended periods with minimal motor activity. The purpose of the study was to systematize and critically analyse current data on the neurophysiological and psychophysiological characteristics of esports players during competitions. The review was conducted as a narrative analysis with elements of systematization of research published between 2007 and 2024. Literature search was performed in international and Russian scientific databases. Combinations of keywords in English and Russian were used. A total of 48 studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analysed. The neurophysiological profile of esports players is characterized by the modulation of alpha and theta EEG rhythms, optimization of event-related potential parameters, enhanced functional integration of the fronto-parietal and parieto-occipital networks, as well as structural changes in the white matter that improve information transmission efficiency. The psychophysiological features of esports players include high resting heart rate variability, more economical sympathetic activation, faster recovery after exertion, optimized hormonal reactivity, and resilience to social and competitive stress. The identified markers can serve as a basis for developing comprehensive readiness monitoring panels, objective selection criteria and personalized training protocols

Neurophysiology of motor imagery in neurorehabilitation and BCI technologies

Over the last few decades, motor imagery was in the focus of the researchers' attention as a prototypical example of "embodied cognition", and as a basis for neuro-rehabilitation and braincomputer interfaces. This review reveals the concept of motor imagery, the factors characterizing and influencing this process, its neural correlates, and the possibilities for using in neurorehabilitation and braincomputer interfaces. The article explains some discrepancies and variability in findings from previous studies, that will help to optimize a study design in accordance with the purpose of each study in the future

Modeling of stochastic brain function in artificial intelligence

Objectivesresearch of stochastic brain function in respect to creation of artificial intelligence. Material and methods.Mathematical modeling principles were used for simulation of brain functioning in a stochastic mode. Results.Two types of brain activity were considered: determinated type, usually modeled using the perceptron, and stochastic type. It is shown, that stochastic brain function modeling is the necessary condition for AI to become capable of creativity, generation of new knowledge. Mathematical modeling of a neural network of the cerebral cortex, consisting of the set of the cyclic neuronal circuits (memory units), was performed for the stochastic mode of brain functioning. Models of "two-dimensional" and "one-dimensional" brain were analyzed. The pattern of excitation in memory units was calculated in the "one-dimensional" brain model. Conclusion.Relying on the knowledge of the stochastic mode of brain function, a way of creation of AI can be offered.-rhythm of a patient is a recommended focus of the therapist's attention in diagnostics and treatment of brain disorders. It was noted, that the alpha wave amplitude and frequency could indicate the cognitive, creative and intuitive abilities of a person

USING VIRTUAL REALITY AS A METHOD OF ACCELERATED REHABILITATION AMONG THE PATIENTS AFTER STROKE

Aim - exploring the effect of displaying the motion from the first-person’s point of view in virtual reality on the recovery of motor disorders among patients in the acute period of cerebrovascular disorder. Materials and methods. 45 patients with acute cerebrovascular disorder aged 58±7 years were analyzed. Patients were randomized in two groups. The first group received either standard rehabilitation or training with virtual reality equipment. The second group received only standard rehabilitation. Training included displaying the motion from the first-person’s point of view in the virtual reality during 3-7 sessions, 15 minutes each. In this exercise a patient could see his “virtual legs”. Speed range was 2-5 km/h. Berg’s balance assessment was used to score movement function (14 questions, where max score - 56 points - means that there is no dysfunction to notice). Assessment method for comparing groups with unusual distribution (Mann-Whitney criteria) was used as statistical analysis. Results. Exercises with the virtual reality equipment show their efficiency on 15th-19th day after stroke. The most significant outcome can be achieved in 5-9 days after stroke (p=0,022). The rate of movement function recovery depends on the duration of training (p=0,001); the highest outcome can be achieved during the first 3-5 sessions. Conclusion. Additional exercises with the virtual reality equipment help to improve outcomes of movement function recovery among patients with acute cerebrovascular disorder

Specifity of complex sensory-motor reaction to relevant stimuli in personalized virtual reality in young people

Objectives to evaluate the latent period of complex sensory-motor reaction (СSMR) to relevant visual stimuli in virtual reality (VR) with personalized and indifferent content. Material and methods.The study included 10 healthy right-handed males aged 1819. The selection of subjects in groups was based on two VR scenarios, the content of which reflected (personalized VR) or did not reflect their personal experience (indifferent VR). The latent period of СSMR to relevant visual stimuli was registered using a gamepad and an EEG recording system (BP-010302 BrainAmp Standart 128) in the oddball paradigm. VR scenarios were demonstrated using Oculus Rift CV1 headset. Registration of СSMR in personalized and indifferent VRs was done in three sessions with the interval of 24 hours. Each session lasted 78 minutes and included 3040 СSMR registrations. Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ) was used for subjective evaluation of VR immersiveness. The collected data was processed with IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. Results.Statistically significant correlations were registered only in VR with personalized content, between the latent time of СSMR and indexes of spatial presence (0.694522) and a general effect of VR immersiveness (-0.592243). It was noted that latent period of СSMR to relevant visual stimuli in VR is determined by the semantic content: the time of СSMR to relevant stimuli in personalized VR was significantly less, than to those in indifferent VR. Conclusion.We support the adequacy of the methodology of studying the mechanisms of human voluntary attention with inclusion of personalized scenes in VR content. It is suggested that such methodology is promising for neurorehabilitation of patients with age-related cognitive impairmen

Nature, Society and Homo sapiens: a New Neurosociology of Neurocommunication

Over a new seven-year period, a new personality was formed functioning on three platforms: the first — artificial intelligence and information overload, the second — chronic stress and depression, the third — the self-actualization of individual religiosity. Religiosity plays a major role in the dynamics of self-realization. Individual religiosity is defined by a mature person as a complex, integrative socio psychological property of a person, due to her having a special paradigm view of the world as created by God, and including cognitive, emotional, behavioral, identification and value components. An information new personality is the ability to manage information flows. Chronic stress and depression cause prolonged activation of the body’s adaptation reactions, lead to the development of mental, neurotic disorders and somatic diseases, reduce performance targets, and most importantly, reduce the cognitive brain and increase cognitive deficits, while all aspects of cognitive activity and the intelligence paradigm suffer. New neurosociology and modern neurocommunications are “security tools” and are able to manage and shape a new healthy personality.</jats:p

Adaptive changes of the indices of the cardiovascular system and serum content of a number of hormones under examination stress condition

Aim. To study the features of the indices of the cardiovascular system and serum concentrations of several hormones and biogenic amines among the students under the impact of examination stress. Methods. The study was conducted on a group of young conditionally healthy volunteers. The starting group of study subjects consisted of 203 students who prior to participation in the study passed a medical examination, including medical history, calculation of body mass index, physical, instrumental and laboratory investigations. As a result, 93 students were selected; their own indicators outside the examination period were used as controls. The study individuals had an investigation of the state of autonomic reactions (measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, Kerdo autonomic index) conducted 1 hour before and within 1 hour after the examination. The hormonal status was investigated by enzyme immunoassay. The results of the study were verified using the software package «StatPlus». Results. Sympathicotonic nature of the vegetative response dominated, according to which two categories of students were allocated: with a steady and significant increase in Kerdo autonomic index (53%) and with the lack of such growth rate (47%). In the study of the hormonal profile a reduction in the serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and cortisol levels, an increase in blood content of the tested biogenic amines - histamine, epinephrine (adrenaline), serotonin was revealed. Conclusion. The established changes in the indices of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems emphasize the individual nature of each subject’s reactions, and therefore require clustering of students into groups according to the characteristics of autonomic and hormonal responses to psychoemotional stress.</jats:p