Privatization in Western Europe: Stylized Facts, Outcomes, and Open Issues

Privatization has certainly been one of the main events of the economic and financial history of the 20th century. Between 1997 and 2004 more than 4,000 privatization operations were carried out in the world, bringing to governments revenues for over 1,350US$billion. Western Europe emerges as the most important region, having implemented the greatest number of privatizations and raised a half of global revenues. The relevance of Western Europe in the process can be ascribed to several factors. This paper investigates the causes of this process, summarizes the main trends of privatization activity at the country level, analyzes the main privatization drivers and provides an account of the main findings of the effects of privatization at the macro and microeconomic level

Habits and Habitat of Some Common Spiders Found in Western India

Volume: 52Start Page: 874End Page: 88

Effect of Transverse Feed Displacement on Input Impedance of Asymmetric Dipole Antenna

243-247In the last decade the displaced feed system of centre-fed dipoles has been the subject of many papers. However, little attention has been paid to the displaced system as applied to the asymmetrically driven dipoles. With a fair possibility that such a displaced system would be useful in constructing a new type of broad band antenna, the present paper has been aimed at calculating the input impedance (Zin), which needs a prior attention before investigating of the antenna system under the consideration. The present communication deals with a simple technique of calculating the input impedance

Some Studies of Asymmetric Dipole Antenna with Arbitrarily Displaced Feed-points Immersed in Weakly Ionized Plasma

234-239A theoretical study of radiation of electromagnetic and electroacoustic waves from an asymmetric dipole antenna with arbitrarily displaced feed-points immersed in an infinite, lossy, compressible, weakly-ionized plasma bas been made. It is shown that the propagation is almost unaffected by plasma when source frequencies much higher than the plasma frequency are used. However, if the source of radiation is operated at frequencies lower than the plasma frequency, the plasma medium is found to have its profound effect on the radiation. General expressions for the far-field radiation pattern are developed for both electromagnetic and electroacoustic modes. The arbitrarily displaced system has been studied under three different configurations, namely, the arbitrary di8placement, transverse displacement and the axial displacement for various values of feed-point displacement (2R/λ). Theoretical radiation patterns for the above mentioned configurations have been obtained for the source frequency much greater than the plasma frequency for the electromagnetic mode

Robustness to nonnormality of some transformations of the sample correlation coefficient

In this paper, some of the familiar transformations of r are examined for their robustness to nonnormality. General results are given for any parent population f(x, y) and any general transformation g(r) of r. Two types of parent populations are considered for exemplification: The bivariate Edgeworth series distribution and the truncated bivariate normal distribution. The effects of nonnormality are assessed through the parameters [mu]'1, [mu]2, [gamma]1, [gamma]2. Tables are provided comparing these quantities against their bivariate normal counterparts.r tanh-1 sin-1 Samiuddin Nair Ruben transformations Edgeworth series distribution truncated bivariate normal distribution

Carbonation of Activated Serpentine for Direct Flue Gas Mineralization

AbstractResearch in mineral carbonation has moved towards process concepts that combine the capture of CO2 from flue gas with its conversion into stable carbonates. This requires highly reactive source materials that dissolve under lean CO2 pressures and temperatures. Activated serpentine has been used in this study, and its carbonation potential under flue gas conditions has been investigated. Single-step carbonation experiments were performed in stirred reactors with gas-dip tubes, at partial pressures of CO2 up to 1bar, temperatures between 30°C and 90°C, with and without concurrent grinding using a ball mill. The pH and solids were monitored in-situ, and the degree of carbonation of the products was quantified using thermogravimetric analysis. Given the low CO2 pressure, carbonation was successful, as confirmed by the formation of the two magnesium carbonates nesquehonite and hydromagnesite. However, under all conditions investigated, including grinding, the extent of carbonation did not exceed 20%. It was concluded that after the onset of precipitation, the reactor solution in single-step carbonation experiments reaches equilibrium conditions with respect to both serpentine dissolution and carbonate precipitation