Exploring pharmacodynamics of immunosuppresive agents in transplantation

Supported by advancements in technology, surgical techniques and immunosuppressive drugs, solid organ transplantation has become the preferred solution to end stage organ failure. The first solid organ transplantation was performed in 1954 under supervision of Joseph Murray in the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston. A kidney from a healthy donor was transplanted into his identical twin, who suffered from chronic glomerulonephritis. The transplanted organ functioned immediately and the recipient survived for 25 years while the donor lived for another 56 years. Since the twins were genetically identical, no suppression of the immune system was needed. Transplantation between individuals other than identical twins was made possible a decade later by the use of the combination of azathioprine and corticosteroids, achieving a 1 year allograft1 survival rate of 40 to 50 percent

Japan-Iran Tourism Relations:Opportunities and Limits of promoting Iran’s Culture and Heritage in Japan:1- Editorial Notes

立命館アジア太平洋大学博士(アジア太平洋学)thesi

Review: Planning sustainable tourism for agricultural heritage landscapes

journal articl

Japan-Iran Tourism Relations:Opportunities and Limits of promoting Iran’s Culture and Heritage in Japan:2 - Doctoral Dissertation

立命館アジア太平洋大学博士(アジア太平洋学)thesi

Japan-Iran Tourism Relations: Opportunities and Limitations in Promoting Iran's Cultural and Heritage Tourism to the Japanese Market

journal articl

Is Satoyama lifestyle Attractive Enough? Minshuku System and Promoting Tourism in Rural Japan (Power Point)

conference pape

The malleable brain: plasticity of neural circuits and behavior: A review from students to students

One of the most intriguing features of the brain is its ability to be malleable, allowing it to adapt continually to changes in the environment. Specific neuronal activity patterns drive long-lasting increases or decreases in the strength of synaptic connections, referred to as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) respectively. Such phenomena have been described in a variety of model organisms, which are used to study molecular, structural, and functional aspects of synaptic plasticity. This review originated from the first International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) and Journal of Neurochemistry (JNC) Flagship School held in Alpbach, Austria (Sep 2016), and will use its curriculum and discussions as a framework to review some of the current knowledge in the field of synaptic plasticity. First, we describe the role of plasticity during development and the persistent changes of neural circuitry occurring when sensory input is altered during critical developmental stages. We then outline the signaling cascades resulting in the synthesis of new plasticity-related proteins, which ultimately enable sustained changes in synaptic strength. Going beyond the traditional understanding of synaptic plasticity conceptualized by LTP and LTD, we discuss system-wide modifications and recently unveiled homeostatic mechanisms, such as synaptic scaling. Finally, we describe the neural circuits and synaptic plasticity mechanisms driving associative memory and motor learning. Evidence summarized in this review provides a current view of synaptic plasticity in its various forms, offers new insights into the underlying mechanisms and behavioral relevance, and provides directions for future research in the field of synaptic plasticity.Fil: Schaefer, Natascha. University of Wuerzburg; AlemaniaFil: Rotermund, Carola. University of Tuebingen; AlemaniaFil: Blumrich, Eva Maria. Universitat Bremen; AlemaniaFil: Lourenco, Mychael V.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Joshi, Pooja. Robert Debre Hospital; FranciaFil: Hegemann, Regina U.. University of Otago; Nueva ZelandaFil: Jamwal, Sumit. ISF College of Pharmacy; IndiaFil: Ali, Nilufar. Augusta University; Estados UnidosFil: García Romero, Ezra Michelet. Universidad Veracruzana; MéxicoFil: Sharma, Sorabh. Birla Institute of Technology and Science; IndiaFil: Ghosh, Shampa. Indian Council of Medical Research; IndiaFil: Sinha, Jitendra K.. Indian Council of Medical Research; IndiaFil: Loke, Hannah. Hudson Institute of Medical Research; AustraliaFil: Jain, Vishal. Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences; IndiaFil: Lepeta, Katarzyna. Polish Academy of Sciences; ArgentinaFil: Salamian, Ahmad. Polish Academy of Sciences; ArgentinaFil: Sharma, Mahima. Polish Academy of Sciences; ArgentinaFil: Golpich, Mojtaba. University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre; MalasiaFil: Nawrotek, Katarzyna. University Of Lodz; ArgentinaFil: Paid, Ramesh K.. Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; IndiaFil: Shahidzadeh, Sheila M.. Syracuse University; Estados UnidosFil: Piermartiri, Tetsade. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Amini, Elham. University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre; MalasiaFil: Pastor, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia ; ArgentinaFil: Wilson, Yvette. University of Melbourne; AustraliaFil: Adeniyi, Philip A.. Afe Babalola University; NigeriaFil: Datusalia, Ashok K.. National Brain Research Centre; IndiaFil: Vafadari, Benham. Polish Academy of Sciences; ArgentinaFil: Saini, Vedangana. University of Nebraska; Estados UnidosFil: Suárez Pozos, Edna. Instituto Politécnico Nacional; MéxicoFil: Kushwah, Neetu. Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences; IndiaFil: Fontanet, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia ; ArgentinaFil: Turner, Anthony J.. University of Leeds; Reino Unid

Monte Carlo methods for parallel processing of diffusion equations

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2013."June 2013." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 14).A Monte Carlo algorithm for solving simple linear systems using a random walk is demonstrated and analyzed. The described algorithm solves for each element in the solution vector independently. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that this algorithm is easily parallelized. To reduce error, each processor can compute data for an independent element of the solution, or part of the data for a given element for the solution, allowing for larger samples to decrease stochastic error. In addition to parallelization, it is also shown that a probabilistic chain termination can decrease the runtime of the algorithm while maintaining accuracy. Thirdly, a tighter lower bound for the required number of chains given a desired error is determined.by Cyrus Vafadari.S.B

A Tool and Methodology for Rapid Assessment and Monitoring of Heritage Places in a Disaster and Post- Disaster Context – Syria as a Case Study

Over the past decade, cultural heritage in the Middle East and North Africa has been at risk of irreparable damage through conflict, looting, and cessation of official monitoring and development controls. Various organizations are seeking to monitor and record the extent of damage through satellite imagery and media reports. While the remote assessment of cultural heritage sites and buildings has the advantage of allowing for monitoring of cultural heritage properties from afar, its main limitation is the reduced level of certainty and accuracy in the assessment. It is therefore also essential to have tools and methods in place for on-the-ground condition assessment and systematic recording of data, for use as and when opportunities arise. In the Syrian context, given the threats and damage to archaeological sites, museum collections, libraries and archives, it is essential to develop strategies for emergency recording, assessment and response, and to build up local expertise and provide technical assistance in order to safeguard Syria’s rich cultural heritage. This paper presents the approaches used in the development of a pilot Historic Environment Record (HER) for Syria which began life as an initiative of the advocacy organization Shirīn, and which has since undergone considerable development. It describes the methodologies and standards developed for use in a geodatabase to provide a systematic way to undertake and record rapid and on the ground condition and risk assessments of cultural heritage. The system is being customized to meet post-war/disaster challenges including emergency recording, measuring of damage and threat, and prioritization of resources and intervention activities. The database aims to set procedures for carrying out systematic rapid condition assessment (to record damage) and risk assessment (to record threat and level of risk) of heritage places, on the basis of both on the ground assessment and remote sensing. Given the large number of heritage properties damaged by conflict in the MENA region, the implementation of rapid assessment methods to identify quickly and record level of damage and condition is essential, as these will provide the evidence to support effective prioritization of efforts and resources, and decisions on the appropriate levels of intervention and methods of treatment. Although the initial work of the research project came out of the ongoing conflict in Syria, this database and methodology has since been developed and implemented as part of the multi-institutional project Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa (EAMENA). Given the general lack of appropriate emergency response and assessment databases, this system could also be applied in other regions facing similar threats and damage from conflict or natural disasters