140 research outputs found
A review on the biodiversity of hard substrate invertebrate communities in the Aegean Sea
This review attempts to estimate the biodiversity of the macrobenthic communities that develop on hard bottoms in the Aegean Sea. Literature analysis revealed that 1,171 species inhabit the hard substrate communities, constituting 20.9% of the total Mediterranean species. The hierarchical cluster analysis of the available data identified five major types: (1) the supralittoral communities, (2) the midlittoral communities, (3) the port communities, (4) the various facies of the photophilic algae community, and (5) the facies of the sciaphilic algae community. Thus, hard bottom communities in the Aegean seem to be separated mainly according to vertical zonation. A total of 68 hard-bottom species are under multiple exploitation, providing considerable economic profit. Taking into account the structural complexity of hard substrate benthic communities and their sensitivity to disturbances, it is essential to preserve the biodiversity of these biotopes
A review on the biodiversity of hard substrate invertebrate communities in the Aegean Sea
This review attempts to estimate the biodiversity of the macrobenthic communities that develop on hard bottoms in the Aegean Sea. Literature analysis revealed that 1,171 species inhabit the hard substrate communities, constituting 20.9% of the total Mediterranean species. The hierarchical cluster analysis of the available data identified five major types: (1) the supralittoral communities, (2) the midlittoral communities, (3) the port communities, (4) the various facies of the photophilic algae community, and (5) the facies of the sciaphilic algae community. Thus, hard bottom communities in the Aegean seem to be separated mainly according to vertical zonation. A total of 68 hard-bottom species are under multiple exploitation, providing considerable economic profit. Taking into account the structural complexity of hard substrate benthic communities and their sensitivity to disturbances, it is essential to preserve the biodiversity of these biotopes
Influence of geological and geotechnical conditions to design a water reservoir in karst area
Ο σχεδιασμός και η κατασκευή μιας λιμνοδεξαμενής σε καρστικό περιβάλλον, αντιμετωπίζει πολλά προβλήματα λόγω της απρόβλεπτης θέσης, των διαστάσεων και της γεωμετρίας της καρστικής δομής και των πιθανών εγκοίλων.Στόχος αυτής της εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει μέρος των αποτελεσμάτων έρευνας που διεξήχθη στο οροπέδιο του Ομαλού (Δ. Κρήτη), όπου μια λιμνοδεξαμενή πρόκειται να κατασκευαστεί. Η έρευνα βασίστηκε σε γεωλογική χαρτογράφηση, γεωφυσική διασκόπηση, γεωτρητική έρευνα, δειγματοληψία και εργαστηριακές δοκιμές για τον προσδιορισμό γεωτεχνικών παραμέτρων των σχηματισμών. Εκτιμήθηκε το πάχος του εδάφους που απαιτείται για να εξασφαλισθεί η ευστάθεια εδαφικού σχηματισμού πάνω από έγκοιλα διαφόρου μεγέθους που ενδεχομένως υπάρχουν.Τα αποτελέσματα αποτελούν ένα χρήσιμο εργαλείο για τη διαχείριση των αποτελεσμάτων της έρευνας και το σχεδιασμό της λιμνοδεξαμενής στο οροπέδιο του Ομαλού.The design of a water reservoir in a site underlain by karstified carbonate rocks, encounters many difficulties mainly due to unpredictable location, dimensions and geometry of the karst structure and voids.The objective of this work is to present part of the investigation work that was carried out in Omalos plateau (W. Crete) where a water reservoir is going to be constructed.The survey was based on geological mapping, geophysical exploration, boreholes drilling, sampling and laboratory testing for the geotechnical parameters determination.The soil thickness that is required to provide stability against soil collapse into voids and the subsequent formation of sinkholes was estimated.The evaluations represent a useful decision-support tool in the management of the investigation results for the design purposes of the water reservoir in Omalos plateau
Rock characterization for the foundation of two water reservoirs using geophysical and borehole data
Σε αυτή την εργασία, παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα γεωφυσικής διασκόπησης στα Μάλια Κρήτης στην Ελλάδα. Η έρευνα αυτή συνδυάζει τις μεθόδους της ηλεκτρικής βυθοσκόπησης, της ηλεκτρικής τομογραφίας και της σεισμικής διάθλασης σε δύο περιοχές όπου πρόκειται να κατασκευαστούν ισάριθμες λιμνοδεξαμενές για τις ανάγκες ενός υβριδικού σταθμού ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας που θα χρησιμοποιεί αιολική ενέργεια. Η ερμηνεία των γεωφυσικών τομών πραγματοποιείται με τη χρήση γεωλογικών πληροφοριών και δεδομένων από γεωτρήσεις. Ο στόχος της έρευνας είναι ο προσδιορισμός του πάχους των υπερκειμένων σχηματισμών, η εκτίμηση της ποιότητας του ανθρακικού υποβάθρου, καθώς και ο εντοπισμός ρηγμάτων και μεγάλων ζωνών διάβρωσης ή σπηλαίων. Στην βορειότερη περιοχή, εντοπίστηκε κύρια ζώνη χαμηλών ειδικών ηλεκτρικών αντιστάσεων η οποία αποδίδεται στην παρουσία πλήρως διερρηγμένου ή αποσαθρωμένου ασβεστόλιθου, ενώ στην νοτιότερη περιοχή εντοπίστηκε ζώνη κατακερματισμένου ασβεστόλιθου έως τα 25 μέτρα βάθος. In this work, we present the results of a geophysical survey at Malia, Crete, Greece. This survey combines VES, electrical tomography and seismic refraction at two sites where equal number of water reservoirs is planned to be constructed for the needs of a hybrid power station using wind-hydro pumping renewable energy. The geophysical sections are interpreted using geological and borehole data. This survey determines the thickness of the overburden, defines the quality of the carbonate bedrock, detects faults and weathered zones in carbonates. One major very low resistivity anomaly was detected at the northern investigated area, which corresponds to completely fractured or weathered limestone, while a 25m deep fracture zone, was detected at the southern investigated area
"Geo-characterization" of selected areas in Crete, Greece, towards realistic assessment of seismic design actions
Η ποσοτική εκτίμηση των χαρακτηριστικών παραμέτρων της ισχυρής εδαφικής κίνησης στους επιφανειακούς γεωλογικούς σχηματισμούς έχει ιδιαίτερη σημασία στην τεχνική σεισμολογία και την εδαφομηχανική. Στο έργο “GEO -CHARACTERIZATION” ΘΑΛΗΣ, μελετώνται οι γεωτεχνικές και γεωφυσικές τεχνικές ως μέθοδοι διερεύνησης των γεωτεχνικών παραμέτρων του υπεδάφους. Ενώ οι γεωτεχνικές δοκιμές παρέχουν με ακρίβεια τις γεωτεχνικές παραμέτρους, η κατασκευή των γεωτρήσεων και η εκτίμηση των γεωτεχνικών παραμέτρων, είναι ιδιαίτερα δαπανηρή, ασαφής και χρονοβόρα διαδικασία. Οι γεωφυσικές μέθοδοι είναι αποτελεσματικές στη διερεύνηση του υπεδάφους, αλλά τα αποτελέσματά τους δεν μπορούν άμεσα να μεταφραστούν σε μεταβολή των γεωτεχνικών παραμέτρων. Με σκοπό τη πληρέστερη μελέτη του υπεδάφους, σε σταθμούς επιταχυνσιογράφων του Ε.Δ.Ε. (Εθνικού Δικτύου Επιταχυνσιογράφων), θα εκτελεστούν συμπληρωματικές γεωτεχνικές και τεχνικογεωλογικές εργασίες ενώ ταυτόχρονα θα εκτελεστούν γεωφυσικές διασκοπήσεις. Το σύνολο των δεδομένων θα επιτρέ ψει τη συσχέτιση των φυσικομηχανικών παραμέτρων (από εργαστηριακές/επιτόπου δοκιμές) με τις γεωφυσικές παραμέτρους. Επιπλέον, τα δεδομένα αυτά θα επιτρέψουν τη dιερεύνηση γεωτεχνικών προβλημάτων καθώς και την απόκριση των σχηματισμών που δομούν την περιοχή σε ενδεχόμενη δυναμική – σεισμική φόρτιση, ενώ θα προταθούν και τοπικά κανονικοποιημένα ελαστικά φασμάτα σχεδιασμούτα οποία θα συγκριθούν με τα αντίστοιχα φάσματα του Ευρωκόδικα 8 (EC8). The geo-characterization of site conditions is crucial for the estimation of regional elastic spectra. The work to be done in the framework of the “GEO-CHARACTERIZATION” THALIS-project, will combine geotechnical and geophysical methods and evaluate them to estimate critical geotechnical parameters. Although geotechnical tests in lab may provide more accurate estimates of geotechnical parameters, they require costly and time consuming drilling procedures. On the other hand geophysical methods are useful in providing estimates in situ of subsurface physical properties, which are not directly related to geotechnical parameters. Within “GEO-CHARACTERIZATION” THALIS-project a pilot survey for geotechnical characterization at selected sites of Hellenic Accelerometric Network in Crete will be conducted by employing geotechnical, geological and geophysical techniques. Subsequently, by correlating “geo-data” collected within this project, relations of certain mechanical parameters obtained in laboratory or/and in situ with geophysical parameters for typical geologic formations and soils will be established. The “GEO-CHARACTERIZATION” project, will focus on the influence of dynamic loads on geotechnical phenomena related to the static stress field variation, the estimation of site effects due to seismic motion and the proposal of regional elastic spectra for seismic provisions as well as their comparison with the corresponding elastic design spectra of Eurocode 8 (EC8)
"Geo-characterization" of selected areas in Crete, Greece, towards realistic assessment of seismic design actions
Η ποσοτική εκτίμηση των χαρακτηριστικών παραμέτρων της ισχυρής εδαφικής κίνησης στους επιφανειακούς γεωλογικούς σχηματισμούς έχει ιδιαίτερη σημασία στην τεχνική σεισμολογία και την εδαφομηχανική. Στο έργο “GEO -CHARACTERIZATION” ΘΑΛΗΣ, μελετώνται οι γεωτεχνικές και γεωφυσικές τεχνικές ως μέθοδοι διερεύνησης των γεωτεχνικών παραμέτρων του υπεδάφους. Ενώ οι γεωτεχνικές δοκιμές παρέχουν με ακρίβεια τις γεωτεχνικές παραμέτρους, η κατασκευή των γεωτρήσεων και η εκτίμηση των γεωτεχνικών παραμέτρων, είναι ιδιαίτερα δαπανηρή, ασαφής και χρονοβόρα διαδικασία. Οι γεωφυσικές μέθοδοι είναι αποτελεσματικές στη διερεύνηση του υπεδάφους, αλλά τα αποτελέσματά τους δεν μπορούν άμεσα να μεταφραστούν σε μεταβολή των γεωτεχνικών παραμέτρων. Με σκοπό τη πληρέστερη μελέτη του υπεδάφους, σε σταθμούς επιταχυνσιογράφων του Ε.Δ.Ε. (Εθνικού Δικτύου Επιταχυνσιογράφων), θα εκτελεστούν συμπληρωματικές γεωτεχνικές και τεχνικογεωλογικές εργασίες ενώ ταυτόχρονα θα εκτελεστούν γεωφυσικές διασκοπήσεις. Το σύνολο των δεδομένων θα επιτρέ ψει τη συσχέτιση των φυσικομηχανικών παραμέτρων (από εργαστηριακές/επιτόπου δοκιμές) με τις γεωφυσικές παραμέτρους. Επιπλέον, τα δεδομένα αυτά θα επιτρέψουν τη dιερεύνηση γεωτεχνικών προβλημάτων καθώς και την απόκριση των σχηματισμών που δομούν την περιοχή σε ενδεχόμενη δυναμική – σεισμική φόρτιση, ενώ θα προταθούν και τοπικά κανονικοποιημένα ελαστικά φασμάτα σχεδιασμούτα οποία θα συγκριθούν με τα αντίστοιχα φάσματα του Ευρωκόδικα 8 (EC8). The geo-characterization of site conditions is crucial for the estimation of regional elastic spectra. The work to be done in the framework of the “GEO-CHARACTERIZATION” THALIS-project, will combine geotechnical and geophysical methods and evaluate them to estimate critical geotechnical parameters. Although geotechnical tests in lab may provide more accurate estimates of geotechnical parameters, they require costly and time consuming drilling procedures. On the other hand geophysical methods are useful in providing estimates in situ of subsurface physical properties, which are not directly related to geotechnical parameters. Within “GEO-CHARACTERIZATION” THALIS-project a pilot survey for geotechnical characterization at selected sites of Hellenic Accelerometric Network in Crete will be conducted by employing geotechnical, geological and geophysical techniques. Subsequently, by correlating “geo-data” collected within this project, relations of certain mechanical parameters obtained in laboratory or/and in situ with geophysical parameters for typical geologic formations and soils will be established. The “GEO-CHARACTERIZATION” project, will focus on the influence of dynamic loads on geotechnical phenomena related to the static stress field variation, the estimation of site effects due to seismic motion and the proposal of regional elastic spectra for seismic provisions as well as their comparison with the corresponding elastic design spectra of Eurocode 8 (EC8)
The Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, Patterns, and Threats
The Mediterranean Sea is a marine biodiversity hot spot. Here we combined an extensive literature analysis with expert opinions to update publicly available estimates of major taxa in this marine ecosystem and to revise and update several species lists. We also assessed overall spatial and temporal patterns of species diversity and identified major changes and threats. Our results listed approximately 17,000 marine species occurring in the Mediterranean Sea. However, our estimates of marine diversity are still incomplete as yet—undescribed species will be added in the future. Diversity for microbes is substantially underestimated, and the deep-sea areas and portions of the southern and eastern region are still poorly known. In addition, the invasion of alien species is a crucial factor that will continue to change the biodiversity of the Mediterranean, mainly in its eastern basin that can spread rapidly northwards and westwards due to the warming of the Mediterranean Sea. Spatial patterns showed a general decrease in biodiversity from northwestern to southeastern regions following a gradient of production, with some exceptions and caution due to gaps in our knowledge of the biota along the southern and eastern rims. Biodiversity was also generally higher in coastal areas and continental shelves, and decreases with depth. Temporal trends indicated that overexploitation and habitat loss have been the main human drivers of historical changes in biodiversity. At present, habitat loss and degradation, followed by fishing impacts, pollution, climate change, eutrophication, and the establishment of alien species are the most important threats and affect the greatest number of taxonomic groups. All these impacts are expected to grow in importance in the future, especially climate change and habitat degradation. The spatial identification of hot spots highlighted the ecological importance of most of the western Mediterranean shelves (and in particular, the Strait of Gibraltar and the adjacent Alboran Sea), western African coast, the Adriatic, and the Aegean Sea, which show high concentrations of endangered, threatened, or vulnerable species. The Levantine Basin, severely impacted by the invasion of species, is endangered as well
Lithospheric structure of the Aegean obtained from P and S receiver functions
Combined P and S receiver functions from seismograms of teleseismic events recorded at 65 temporary and permanent stations in the Aegean region are used to map the geometry of the subducted African and the overriding Aegean plates. We image the Moho of the subducting African plate at depths ranging from 40 km beneath southern Crete and the western Peloponnesus to 160 km beneath the volcanic arc and 220 km beneath northern Greece. However, the dip of the Moho of the subducting African plate is shallower beneath the Peloponnesus than beneath Crete and Rhodes and flattens out beneath the northern Aegean. Observed P-to-S conversions at stations located in the forearc indicate a reversed velocity contrast at the Moho boundary of the Aegean plate, whereas this boundary is observed as a normal velocity contrast by the S-to-P conversions. Our modeling suggests that the presence of a large amount of serpentinite (more than 30%) in the forearc mantle wedge, which generally occurs in the subduction zones, may be the reason for the reverse sign of the P-to-S conversion coefficient. Moho depths for the Aegean plate show that the southern part of the Aegean (crustal thickness of 20–22 km) has been strongly influenced by extension, while the northern Aegean Sea, which at present undergoes the highest crustal deformation, shows a relatively thicker crust (25–28 km). This may imply a recent initiation of the present kinematics in the Aegean. Western Greece (crustal thickness of 32–40 km) is unaffected by the recent extension but underwent crustal thickening during the Hellenides Mountains building event. The depths of the Aegean Moho beneath the margin of the Peloponnesus and Crete (25–28 and 25–33 km, respectively) show that these areas are also likely to be affected by the Aegean extension, even though the Cyclades (crustal thickness of 26–30 km) were not significantly involved in this episode. The Aegean lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) mapped with S receiver functions is about 150 km deep beneath mainland Greece, whereas the LAB of the subducted African plate dips from 100 km beneath Crete and the southern Aegean Sea to about 225 km under the volcanic arc. This implies a thickness of 60–65 km for the subducted African lithosphere, suggesting that the Aegean lithosphere was not significantly affected by the extensional process associated with the exhumation of metamorphic core complexes in the Cyclades
First assessment of Microcosmus sabatieri (Tunicata : Ascidiacea) small-scale artisanal fishery in the south Aegean sea (Eastern mediterranean)
The small-scale artisanal fishery of the edible turricate Microcosmus sabatieri was studied in the South Aegean Sea. Mean abundance was 156 +/- 53 ind.20' dive(-1) and the pattern of distribution was even. Size-frequency analysis indicated a mode around 10 cm at all surveyed islands; nevertheless, significant differences on mean size of the ascidians were observed, as average size decreased eastwards, probably related to increased demand
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