Sedimentology, stratigraphic context, and implications of Miocene intrashelf bottomset deposits, offshore New Jersey

Drilling of intrashelf Miocene clinothems onshore and offshore New Jersey has provided better understanding of their topset and foreset deposits, but the sedimentology and stratigraphy of their bottomset deposits have not been documented in detail. Three coreholes (Sites M27–M29), collected during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 313, intersect multiple bottomset deposits, and their analysis helps to refine sequence stratigraphic interpretations and process response models for intrashelf clinothems. At Site M29, the most downdip location, chronostratigraphically well-constrained bottomset deposits follow a repeated stratigraphic motif. Coarse-grained glauconitic quartz sand packages abruptly overlie deeply burrowed surfaces. Typically, these packages coarsen then fine upwards and pass upward into bioturbated siltstones. These coarse sand beds are amalgamated and poorly sorted and contain thin-walled shells, benthic foraminifera, and extrabasinal clasts, consistent with an interpretation of debrites. The sedimentology and mounded seismic character of these packages support interpretation as debrite-dominated lobe complexes. Farther updip, at Site M28, the same chronostratigraphic units are amalgamated, with the absence of bioturbated silts pointing to more erosion in proximal locations. Graded sandstones and dune-scale cross-bedding in the younger sequences in Site M28 indicate deposition from turbidity currents and channelization. The sharp base of each package is interpreted as a sequence boundary, with a period of erosion and sediment bypass evidenced by the burrowed surface, and the coarse-grained debritic and turbiditic deposits representing the lowstand systems tract. The overlying fine-grained deposits are interpreted as the combined transgressive and highstand systems tract deposits and contain the deepwater equivalent of the maximum flooding surface. The variety in thickness and grain-size trends in the coarse-grained bottomset packages point to an autogenic control, through compensational stacking of lobes and lobe complexes. However, the large-scale stratigraphic organization of the bottomset deposits and the coarse-grained immature extrabasinal and reworked glauconitic detritus point to external controls, likely a combination of relative sea-level fall and waxing-and-waning cycles of sediment supply. This study demonstrates that large amounts of sediment gravity-flow deposits can be generated in relatively shallow (~100–200 m deep) and low-gradient (~1°–4°) clinothems that prograded across a deep continental shelf. This physiography likely led to the dominance of debris flow deposits due to the short transport distance limiting transformation to low-concentration turbidity currents

Comparative oncology: The paradigmatic example of canine and human mast cell neoplasms

In humans, advanced mast cell (MC) neoplasms are rare malignancies with a poor prognosis. Only a few preclinical models are available, and current treatment options are limited. In dogs, MC neoplasms are the most frequent malignant skin tumours. Unlike low-grade MC neoplasms, high-grade MC disorders usually have a poor prognosis with short survival. In both species, neoplastic MCs display activating KIT mutations, which are considered to contribute to disease evolution. Therefore, tyrosine kinase inhibitors against KIT have been developed. Unfortunately, clinical responses are unpredictable and often transient, which remains a clinical challenge in both species. Therefore, current efforts focus on the development of new improved treatment strategies. The field of comparative oncology may assist in these efforts and accelerate human and canine research regarding diagnosis, prognostication, and novel therapies. In this article, we review the current status of comparative oncology approaches and perspectives in the field of MC neoplasms

Epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical aspects of canine lymphoma in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil

This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics of canine lymphomas diagnosed in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Thirty dogs were enrolled in the study; most of them were male (60%), mixed-breed (23%) and middle-aged or older. The majority (87%) of affected dogs showed the multicentric form. The B-cell phenotype was most frequently detected (62%); 37% of the animals were in clinical stage IV, and 83% were classified as sub-stage "b". Lymphadenopathy was observed in 67% of the cases, and dyspnea, prostration, decreased appetite and vomiting were the most common clinical signs encountered. Anemia was a frequently encountered laboratory alteration (57%), as were leukocytosis (40%), thrombocytopenia (33%), lymphopenia (30%), hyperglobulinemia (20%) and hypercalcemia (13%). The results of this study indicate that the clinical features of dogs with lymphoma in the region of Porto Alegre are similar to those observed worldwide

Prevalência de neoplasias diagnosticadas em cães no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Moçambique

A retrospective study of tumors in dogs was carried out in the School Veterinary Hospital (HVE), Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique, between January 2004 and January 2009. Data from clinical-surgical records of tumor samples surgically removed, necropsy and cytological exams were used and sent for histopathology exams. During the study 210 tumors and about 27 different types of tumors were identified. Skin tumors (61.0%) were the most frequent, followed by mammary gland tumors (27.60%), reproductive system tumors (11.90%) and bone system tumors. The mammary gland tumors were observed only in females, with high prevalence in bitches which were not spayed or spayed after two years old. It was concluded that the neoplasia prevalence increase was correlated to the higher longevity of dogs, and breed also contributed for the development of determined tumors due to high incidence of mastocitomas in Boxer and German Shepherd breeds. The 100 % incidence of mammary gland neoplasia in females confirmed the higher predisposition for mammary gland neoplasia in females.Faculdade de Veterinária Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, MaputoMédica veterinária autônoma, Taboão da Serra, SPMédica veterinária autônoma, MaputoAluno de pós-graduação UNESP, Botucatu, SPAluno de pós-graduação UNESP, Botucatu, S

Linfoma canino: clínica, hematologia e tratamento com o protocolo de Madison-Wisconsin

O linfoma é uma neoplasia de elevada incidência na população canina mundial, e que apresenta sinais clínicos diversos, dependentes da classificação anatômica e da extensão da doença. Este estudo objetivou avaliar as características clínicas e hematológicas de cães com linfoma no momento do diagnóstico, além da evolução clínica dos mesmos ao longo do tratamento com o protocolo de Madison-Wisconsin. Dos 18 cães inseridos no estudo, 50% apresentaram a forma multicêntrica da doença e 33% a forma cutânea. A manifestação clínica mais comum foi a linfadenomegalia superficial, acompanhada dos sinais sistêmicos de hiporexia, apatia e perda de peso. As principais alterações hematólogicas foram anemia normocítica normocrômica, trombocitopenia e leucocitose, associadas às síndromes paraneoplásicas. Vinte e sete por cento dos animais atingiram remissão completa da doença e apenas 22% atingiram sobrevida de um ano. Houve correlação positiva entre o valor do hematócrito e o tempo de sobrevida para os cães que morreram, demonstrando a influência da anemia no prognóstico dos animais. Sugere-se que o estágio avançado da doença no momento do diagnóstico tenha influenciado as baixas taxas de remissão e sobrevida obtidas neste estudo.Lymphoma is a neoplasm of high incidence in dogs, and has several clinical signs, depending on the tumor anatomical area and the extent of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and hematological findings in dogs with lymphoma at diagnosis, and the clinical evolution during Madison-Wisconsin chemotherapy protocol. of the 18 dogs that underwent the study, 50% of the dogs had the multicentric form and 33% the cutaneous forms of the disease. The most common clinical sign was superficial lymphadenomegaly, combined to systemic signs of hyporexia, apathy and weight loss. The main hematological changes were anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis, associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. Complete remission was achieved in 27% of the animals and the one-year survival rate was 22%. There was a positive correlation between the hematocrit and survival time in dogs that died, which indicates the importance of anemia in the prognosis. It is suggested that the advanced stage of the disease may have contributed to the low remission and survival rates observed in this study.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Centro Universitário Barão de MauáUniversidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e VeterináriasUniversidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia VeterináriaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e VeterináriasUniversidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia VeterináriaFAPESP: 05/01718-6FAPESP: 06/03300-