EFEITO DO TRATAMENTO COM NIMESULIDA SOBRE A INFLAMAÇÃO GRANULOMATOSA EM CAMUNDONGOS

O granuloma induzido por corpo estranho é um modelo experimental de infamação subcrônica que permite a avaliação do efeito de fármacos sobre o extravasamento vascular (edema) e sobre o infltrado celular. A Nimesulida é um anti-infamatório não esteroidal (AINE) que age por vários mecanismos e é largamente utilizada por sua boa tolerabilidade e comodidade de administração. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verifcar o efeito da Nimesulida sobre o modelo de granuloma induzido por corpo estranho. Camundongos Swiss machos (n=6/grupo) receberam implantes subcutâneos de algodão previamente pesados e esterilizados. O grupo Nimesulida foi tratado com o fármaco na dose de 5mg/kg a cada 12 horas, por via oral, por seis dias. Os animais do grupo Controle receberam igual volume de água estéril e apirogênica por via oral, nos mesmos intervalos e pelo mesmo período. Um dia após o período de tratamento, os animais foram sacrifcados, os implantes de algodão retirados e obtido o peso úmido. Os implantes foram pressionados contra lâminas, posteriormente coradas e utilizadas para a contagem diferencial de células. Após dessecagem por 48 horas em estufa, foi obtido o peso seco. Houve diminuição signifcativa do peso úmido do implante e signifcativa alteração do padrão do infltrado celular do granuloma, com diminuição de neutróflos e aumento de macrófagos nos animais tratados com Nimesulida, que apresentaram um padrão tissular de infamação mais tardia se comparados aos animais do grupo Controle. Assim, o tratamento com Nimesulida modula a resposta infamatória no modelo de granuloma por corpo estranho, podendo nesses casos ser utilizada como controle positivo.Descritores: Inflamação; Granuloma; Nimesulida.Abstract:  The cotton pellet granuloma is a subchronic infammation experimental model that allows to assessing the effect of drugs on the vascular leakage (edema) and on the cell infltrate. Nimesulide is a NSAID that acts by several mechanisms and is widely used for its good tolerability and convenience of administration. This experiment aim was to verify the effect of Nimesulide on cotton pellet granuloma. Swiss male mice separated in two groups (n=6/group) received subcutaneous implants of cotton previously weighed and sterilized and began orally treatment with Nimesulide 5mg/kg at interval of  12 hours for six days. Control group animals received an equal volume of sterile and pyrogen-free water orally at the same interval and for the same period. One day after the treatment, the animals were sacrifced and had the implants removed. The wet weight was obtained and the implants pressed against glass slides, then stained and used for differential cell count. There was a signifcant decrease at the wet weigh and a signifcant change in the pattern of granuloma cellular infltrate, with replacement of neutrophils by macrophages in animal treated with Nimesulide. This group showed a more chronic tissue quality compared to the Control group. Then, treatment with Nimesulide is able to modulate the infammation in foreign body granuloma model and can be used as positive control.Descriptors: Infammation; Granuloma; Nimesulide

A large-scale study across the avian clade identifies ecological drivers of neophobia

Copyright: \ua9 2025 Miller et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Neophobia, or aversion to novelty, is important for adaptability and survival as it influences the ways in which animals navigate risk and interact with their environments. Across individuals, species and other taxonomic levels, neophobia is known to vary considerably, but our understanding of the wider ecological drivers of neophobia is hampered by a lack of comparative multispecies studies using standardized methods. Here, we utilized the ManyBirds Project, a Big Team Science large-scale collaborative open science framework, to pool efforts and resources of 129 collaborators at 77 institutions from 24 countries worldwide across six continents. We examined both difference scores (between novel object test and control conditions) and raw data of latency to touch familiar food in the presence (test) and absence (control) of a novel object among 1,439 subjects from 136 bird species across 25 taxonomic orders incorporating lab, field, and zoo sites. We first demonstrated that consistent differences in neophobia existed among individuals, among species, and among other taxonomic levels in our dataset, rejecting the null hypothesis that neophobia is highly plastic at all taxonomic levels with no evidence for evolutionary divergence. We then tested for effects of ecological factors on neophobia, including diet, sociality, habitat, and range, while accounting for phylogeny. We found that (i) species with more specialist diets were more neophobic than those with more generalist diets, providing support for the Neophobia Threshold Hypothesis; (ii) migratory species were also more neophobic than nonmigratory species, which supports the Dangerous Niche Hypothesis. Our study shows that the evolution of avian neophobia has been shaped by ecological drivers and demonstrates the potential of Big Team Science to advance our understanding of animal behavior

A large-scale study across the avian clade identifies ecological drivers of neophobia

Neophobia, or aversion to novelty, is important for adaptability and survival as it influences the ways in which animals navigate risk and interact with their environments. Across individuals, species and other taxonomic levels, neophobia is known to vary considerably, but our understanding of the wider ecological drivers of neophobia is hampered by a lack of comparative multispecies studies using standardized methods. Here, we utilized the ManyBirds Project, a Big Team Science large-scale collaborative open science framework, to pool efforts and resources of 129 collaborators at 77 institutions from 24 countries worldwide across six continents. We examined both difference scores (between novel object test and control conditions) and raw data of latency to touch familiar food in the presence (test) and absence (control) of a novel object among 1,439 subjects from 136 bird species across 25 taxonomic orders incorporating lab, field, and zoo sites. We first demonstrated that consistent differences in neophobia existed among individuals, among species, and among other taxonomic levels in our dataset, rejecting the null hypothesis that neophobia is highly plastic at all taxonomic levels with no evidence for evolutionary divergence. We then tested for effects of ecological factors on neophobia, including diet, sociality, habitat, and range, while accounting for phylogeny. We found that (i) species with more specialist diets were more neophobic than those with more generalist diets, providing support for the Neophobia Threshold Hypothesis; (ii) migratory species were also more neophobic than nonmigratory species, which supports the Dangerous Niche Hypothesis. Our study shows that the evolution of avian neophobia has been shaped by ecological drivers and demonstrates the potential of Big Team Science to advance our understanding of animal behavior

A large-scale study across the avian clade identifies ecological drivers of neophobia

Neophobia, or aversion to novelty, is important for adaptability and survival as it influences the ways in which animals navigate risk and interact with their environments. Across individuals, species and other taxonomic levels, neophobia is known to vary considerably, but our understanding of the wider ecological drivers of neophobia is hampered by a lack of comparative multispecies studies using standardized methods. Here, we utilized the ManyBirds Project, a Big Team Science large-scale collaborative open science framework, to pool efforts and resources of 129 collaborators at 77 institutions from 24 countries worldwide across six continents. We examined both difference scores (between novel object test and control conditions) and raw data of latency to touch familiar food in the presence (test) and absence (control) of a novel object among 1,439 subjects from 136 bird species across 25 taxonomic orders incorporating lab, field, and zoo sites. We first demonstrated that consistent differences in neophobia existed among individuals, among species, and among other taxonomic levels in our dataset, rejecting the null hypothesis that neophobia is highly plastic at all taxonomic levels with no evidence for evolutionary divergence. We then tested for effects of ecological factors on neophobia, including diet, sociality, habitat, and range, while accounting for phylogeny. We found that (i) species with more specialist diets were more neophobic than those with more generalist diets, providing support for the Neophobia Threshold Hypothesis; (ii) migratory species were also more neophobic than nonmigratory species, which supports the Dangerous Niche Hypothesis. Our study shows that the evolution of avian neophobia has been shaped by ecological drivers and demonstrates the potential of Big Team Science to advance our understanding of animal behavior

The effect of free and encapsulated cisplatin into long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes on IEC-6 cells during wound healing in the presence of host–microbiota

Abstract Objectives To circumvent cisplatin (CDDP) toxic effects and improve the antitumoural effect, our research group developed long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes containing CDDP (SpHL-CDDP). This study aimed to evaluate whether SpHL-CDDP is associated with intestinal protection under in-vitro conditions in the presence of host–microbiota, compared with free CDDP. Methods The cytotoxicity of CDDP and SpHL-CDDP were evaluated by colorimetric MTT and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. Epithelial proliferation was assessed by using an in-vitro wounding model in the presence of host–microbiota with intestinal epithelial cell line 6 (IEC-6) monolayers. Cytokines were determined by ELISA. Key findings Reduced cytotoxicity of SpHL-CDDP in IEC-6 cells (minimum of 1.3-fold according to the IC50 values) was observed when compared with CDDP. The presence of microbiota or CDDP reduced the wound healing. The association of microbiota and SpHL-CDDP improved the wound healing and cell number in IEC-6 cells when compared with control. These beneficial results can be associated with increased IL-6 and IL-10 levels induced by SpHL-CDDP which were affected by the presence of microbiota. Conclusions These results indicate that the presence of microbiota associated with SpHL-CDDP provided less intestinal cellular damages compared with CDDP and constitutes a promising candidate for clinical use. </jats:sec