PENERAPAN KODE ETIK POLRI TERHADAP OKNUM POLISI YANG MELAKUKAN PENGANIAYAAN TERHADAP PELANGGAR LALU LINTAS

Polri sebagaimana organisasi pada umumnya, memiliki etika yang menunjukkan perlunya bertingkah laku sesuai dengan peraturan-peraturan dan harapan yang memerlukan kedisiplinan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya sesuai misi yang dijalaninya selalu mempunyai aturan intern dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja, profesionalisme bagi masyarakat. Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 telah diatur tentang tugas dan peran POLRI sebagai penjaga keamanan dan ketertiban sosial namun dalam tugas sehari hari sering terjadi adanya penyalahgunan wewenang dan kekuasaan dilakukan oleh aparat kepolisian. Bagaimana penerapan kode etik POLRI atas tindakan anggota POLRI yang melakukan kekerasan terhadap pelanggar lalu lintas, Bagaimana akibat hukum bagi oknum polisi yang melakukan tindak kekerasan terhadap pelanggar lalu lintas berdasarkan kode etik POLRI, Bagaimana upaya penanggulangan tindak kekerasan yang dilakukan institusi POLRI untuk meminimalisir pelanggaran kode etik POLRI. Penelitian yang penulis gunakan yaitu metode deskriptif analitis, Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis-normatif, Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua tahap yakni studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan,metode yang dipergunakan untuk memperoleh data adalah studi liberatur dan wawancara, kemudian data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode yuridis kualitatif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian tersebut diketahui bahwa: Terduga pelanggar yang telah melakukan tindak pidana yaitu tindak penganiayaan terhadap warga sipil maka telah melanggar peraturan disiplin dan juga pelanggaran kode etik. Polisi yang melakukan tindak pidana maka penjatuhan sanksi disiplin serta sanksi atas pelanggaran kode etik tidak akan menghapus tuntutan pidana terhadap anggota oknum polisi yang bersangkutan,Akibat hukum dari pelanggaran Kode etik tersebut dalam Pasal 21 ayat (1) Perkap Polri No.14 Tahun 2011. upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam mengatasi pelanggaran yang mempengaruhi Penerapan kode etik profesi Kepolisian. Beberapa tujuan untuk meminimalisirnya tersebut diantaranya:Upaya Pre-Emtif, Upaya Preventif dan Upaya Represif. Kata Kunci: Kode Etik Polri, Penganiayaan, Anggota Polr

Gambaran Histopatologik Lambung Tikus Wistar Yang Diberikan Buah Pepaya Sebelum Induksi Aspirin

: Aspirin contains acetyl salicylic acid which can cause qualitative change on the gastric mucosa. The active ingredients of papaya can increase immunity and protect the stomach from the use of aspirin and steroid. Objective: To reveal the histophatological features of the stomach of Wistar rats administered with papaya juice before aspirin induction. Method: This experimental research employed 20 wistar rats which were divided into the negative control group (A) and treatment groups. All rats were fed with regular or standard pellets for 10 days. Treatment groups were classified into four groups; rats were given papaya juice of 0.8 cc/day (group B), rats were administered aspirin of 30 mg/day (group C), rats were given papaya juice 0.8 cc/day before induced with aspirin (group D), and rats were given papaya juice 2.4 cc/day before induced with aspirin of 30 mg/day (group E). On the eleventh day, the rats were terminated to isolate the stomach followed by macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Results: It was found that the microscopic features were normal in negative control group and group B. In group C, histological examination showed acute gastritis, i.e.,inflammatory cells, edema mucosa and capillary dilatation. Rats in group D and E showed lower degree of acute gastritis compared with group C. Conclusions: Administration of papaya juice for 10 days before aspirin is given may reduce the signs of acute gastritis as demonstrated by histopathological features of the stomach of wistar rats. Administration of papaya juice of 2.4 cc/day result in lower degree of gastritis compared with recommended dose of papaya juice (0.8 cc/day)

Electron effective mass in unintentionally doped In0.33_{0.33}Ga0.67_{0.67}N determined by mid-infrared optical Hall effect

Mid-infrared optical Hall effect measurements are used to determine the free charge carrier parameters of an unintentionally doped wurtzite-structure $c$-plane oriented In$_{0.33}$Ga$_{0.67}$N epitaxial layer. Room temperature electron effective mass parameters of $m^{*}_{\bot}=(0.205 \pm 0.013)~m_0$ and $m^{*}_{\parallel}=(0.204 \pm 0.016)~m_0$ for polarization perpendicular and parallel to the $c$-axis, respectively, were determined. The free electron concentration was obtained as $(1.7 \pm 0.2)\times 10^{19}~$cm$^{-3}$. Within our uncertainty limits we detect no anisotropy for the electron effective mass parameter and we estimate the upper limit of the possible effective mass anisotropy is 7$\%$. We discuss the influence of band nonparabolicity on the electron effective mass parameter as a function of In content. The effective mass parameter is consistent with a linear interpolation scheme between the conduction band mass parameters in GaN and InN when the strong nonparabolicity in InN is included. The In$_{0.33}$Ga$_{0.67}$N electron mobility parameters were found to be anisotropic supporting previous experimental findings for wurtzite-structure GaN, InN, and Al$_{x}$Ga$_{1-x}$N epitaxial layers with $c$-plane growth orientation.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Judicial review of mergers

After the significant and much publicised appeals heard by the EC courts in 2002 and early 2003, 2004 has been a quieter year for judicial review of merger cases. Nevertheless, 2004 has seen judgments and opinions that further develop EC merger control law, albeit largely on procedural points. On the substantive side, Advocate General Tizzano delivered his opinion1 in the appeal against the judgment of the Court of First Instance (‘CFI’) in the Tetra Laval case, where he focused on the standard of proof required in Commission merger decisions and the scope of permissible judicial review of those decisions. The eagerly awaited judgments of the European Court of Justice (‘ECJ’) in the Tetra Laval case3 and also of the CFI in GE’s challenge to the GE/Honeywell prohibition4 and in WorldCom/MCI5 will provide further guidance on the scope of judicial review, as well as on the substantive appraisal of mergers. In the meantime, the Commission has pressed forward with its overhaul of the EC merger review system. Whilst these reforms were initiated with the publication of the Green Paper prior to the defeats sustained by the Commission at the CFI, the need for reform became clear as a result of the dramatic events of 2002. With the reforms it has now put in place, the Commission is hoping to address some of the criticisms voiced in recent years

State aid and the financing of public services: A comment on the Altmark judgment of the Court of Justice

On 24 July 2003, the European Court of Justice handed down its judgment in the Altmark case, ending the controversy surrounding the application of the EC state aid control regime to compensation granted to undertakings in consideration for public service obligations imposed on them

Adaptive Patientenunterstützung für Rehabilitationsroboter

Rehabilitationsroboter unterstützen die Rehabilitation von Patienten mit Bewegungsstörungen aufgrund von Schädigungen des Nervensystems. Neu entwickelte, patientenkooperative Regelungsansätze sollen es diesen Robotern ermöglichen, individuell an die Patienten angepasste, effektivere Trainingseinheiten durchzuführen, als dies bislang möglich war. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt zwei Ansätze zur automatischen Anpassung der Roboterunterstützung: Die iterativ lernende Vorsteuerung ermöglicht die Unterstützung von Bewegungen mit definiertem zeitlichem Ablauf. Das iterativ lernende, konservative Kraftfeld ermöglicht die Unterstützung von Bewegungen mit freiem zeitlichem Ablauf. Das Verhalten beider Verfahren wird an einer Beispielanwendung mit dem Gang-Rehabilitationsroboter Lokomat demonstrier

Cooperative Control Design for Robot-Assisted Balance During Gait

Avoiding falls is a challenge for many persons in aging societies, and balance dysfunction is a major risk factor. Robotic solutions to assist human gait, however, focus on average kinematics, and less on instantaneous balance reactions. We propose a controller that only intervenes when needed, and that avoids stability issues when interacting with humans: Assistance is triggered only when balance is lost, and this action is purely feed-forward. Experiments show that subjects who start falling during gait can be uprighted by such feed-forward assistive force