The Least of These: American Evangelical Parachurch Missions to the Poor, 1947-2005

This dissertation narrates the historical development of American evangelical missions to the poor from 1947-2005 and analyzes the discourse of its main parachurch proponents, especially World Vision, Compassion International, Food for the Hungry, Samaritan's urse, Sojourners, Evangelicals for Social Action, and the Christian Community Development Association. Although recent scholarship on evangelicalism has been prolific, much of the historical work has focused on earlier periods. Sociological and political scientific scholarship on the postwar period has been attracted mostly to controversies surrounding the Religious Right, leaving evangelicalism's resurgent concern for the poor relatively understudied. This dissertation addresses these lacunae. The study consists of three chronological parts, each marked by a distinctive model of mission to the poor. First, the 1950s were characterized by compassionate charity for individual emergencies, a model that cohered neatly with evangelicalism's individualism and emotionalism. This model should be regarded as the quintessential, bedrock evangelical theory of mission to the poor. It remained strong throughout the entire postwar period. Second, in the 1970s, a strong countercurrent emerged that advocated for penitent protest against structural injustice and underdevelopment. In contrast to the first model, it was distinguished by going against the grain of many aspects of evangelical culture, especially its reflexive patriotism and individualism. Third, in the 1990s, an important movement towards developing potential through hopeful holism gained prominence. Its advocates were confident that their integration of biblical principles with insights from contemporary economic development praxis would contribute to drastic, widespread reductions in poverty. This model signaled a new optimism in evangelicalism's engagement with the broader world. The increasing prominence of missions to the poor within American evangelicalism led to dramatic changes within the movement's worldview: by 2005, evangelicals were mostly unified in their expressed concern for the physical and social needs of the poor, a position that radically reversed their immediate postwar worldview of near-exclusive focus on the spiritual needs of individuals. Nevertheless, missions to the poor also paralleled, reinforced, and hastened the increasing fragmentation of evangelicalism's identity, as each missional model advocated for highly variant approaches to poverty amelioration that were undergirded by diverse sociological, political, and theological assumptions

Mediating Rights and Responsibilities in Control Transactions

There is a growing debate as to the relative merits and consequences of a shift to a more shareholder-centric corporate governance framework. How much direct democracy makes sense in corporate decision making? If power is to be transferred to shareholders, should responsibilities be imposed (and, if so, how)? These issues have long been addressed by courts and regulators in the context of unsolicited control transactions. In its recent Air Products & Chemicals v. Airgas decision, the Delaware Chancery Court canvassed the evolution of its law on this point and concluded that implicit in the power (and responsibility) of the board of directors to manage the business and affairs of the corporation is the power to determine the long-term strategy of the corporation, including when and if a sale of control of the corporation should be pursued. By contrast, Canadian securities regulation has consistently adopted a shareholder-centric approach to unsolicited change of control transactions. This is an approach that is increasingly difficult to reconcile with Canadian corporate law as it has evolved since these issues were first considered by securities regulators. The answer to this growing inconsistency, we suggest, is for Canadian securities regulators to repeal their defensive tactics policy in the recognition that our courts have become better equipped to adjudicate such matters

Translating reference expertise

© 2017, © Emerald Publishing Limited. Purpose: Librarians have expertise in helping patrons to define their information needs, develop search strategies and navigate the information environment. At Zayed University in the United Arab Emirates, the authors saw a need for the university’s staff to translate that expertise to help patrons to find materials in their native language, even when they cannot speak that language. Design/methodology/approach: The authors, one Arabic speaker and one non-Arabic speaker, developed a workshop for their peers outlining strategies for translating our expertise as library professionals. In this paper, the authors share both the strategies for translating expertise that they recommended in the workshop, and information on their process in developing those recommendations. Findings: The balance of expertise between the library staff and the patron is somewhat shifted when the search is being conducted in a foreign language. The librarian provides expertise with issues of access. The patron is the expert in her language, the transaction will not be successful without the patron’s contribution and full engagement. Demonstrating a willingness and capability to contribute to the process of searching in the patron’s native language is what is most important. Originality/value: While there is evidence that libraries are providing foreign language collections and that librarians are considering how to deliver services to English as a Second Language (ESL) patrons, the literature suggests that the profession is not generally focusing on how English-speaking librarians can use their expertise to help patrons to access materials in their native languages

Using a CTF Activity to Teach Cloud and Web Security

While cloud computing is an attractive option in terms of price, availability, and scalability, cloud consumers must also weigh the security concerns of a cloud environment. In particular, security breaches due to misconfiguration are common, and this prevalence starts with inadequate education and training. Consequently, we incorporated a capture the flag (CTF) activity into an existing course to illuminate the potential pitfalls and consequences of cloud misconfiguration and to encourage participants to protect against such issues in their own applications. In this paper, we report on the effectiveness of the CTF activity to achieve these goals. Our evaluation specifically focuses on participants' interests, self-perceptions, and application of essential security practices (e.g., defensive programming techniques) to defend against common types of attacks. Our results indicate that the CTF activity was perceived favorably by students, but participants performed comparably to their peers on independent assessments, including test questions related to web security and securing a web application developed as part of a course project. We examine these issues and suggest a path forward to address them, particularly by better aligning the CTF activity with the stated course outcomes in conjunction with collecting additional data in future semesters

A Collaborative Voyage to Improve Students\u27 Career Information Literacy

Librarians, a member of the Hotel College faculty, and a member of the Career Services staff at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas collaborated in the design, implementation and evaluation of a non-traditional research assignment asking students to demonstrate real world information literacy skills. Session attendees will explore the process by which the traditional librarian-teaching faculty member collaboration grew into a richer project involving a non-traditional partnering. Attendees will be guided through a discussion on levels of collaboration and an audit of potential non-traditional partner opportunities at their own institutions. Attendees will examine the product of this partnership: an assignment that asks students to generate informed questions to ask in a job interview. The assignment was designed to be useable in larger classes where a classic “term paper” style research assignment might be unrealistic to effectively administer and grade. After a session with the librarians on conducting research, students enrolled in a course on professional development within the hospitality industry are required to develop questions that they might ask of an interviewer that demonstrate the company- and industry-specific knowledge they gleaned via their research. Students are motivated by the idea of positioning themselves favorably in an interview in a way that a traditional term paper on a company or an industry fails to motivate. Attendees will brainstorm ways a similar approach (assigning the development of informed questions) might be used in different settings. The presentation will close by describing the personal and professional benefits of collaboration for those involved

Principal\u27s role with at-risk students

In the last three years more research has taken place dealing with at-risk children than during the past 20 years. That statistic alone suggests a crisis is facing our educational system. What is an at-risk student? Simply stated, it means any student that is in danger of failing to complete his or her education, with an adequate level of skills (Salvin 1989)

Reforming the undergraduate experience

This chapter examines common objectives in some of the major initiatives in higher education. It highlights the role of librarians and libraries in higher education refor

Influence of patient positioning on reported clinical outcomes after greater occipital nerve block for treatment of headache: results from prospective single-centre, non-randomised, proof-of-concept study

Objective: Greater occipital nerve (GON) block is a treatment option applied for a variety of primary headache disorders. Although a patient's body position is known to have an impact on the effect of local anaesthetics, this has not before been investigated for patients undergoing GON block. Therefore, the clinical effectiveness of either a sitting or supine position was assessed. Patients and Methods: This evaluative prospective study took place in a single neurology department in the UK. Baseline and follow-up data were collated during standard clinic consultations for 95 consecutive patients who underwent GON block and follow-up consultations for treatment-refractory headache disorder. The GON block procedure was identical for all patients in terms of constitution of the applied medication and volume injected (lidocaine hydrochloride 20 mg and methylprednisolone acetate 80 mg in 2 ml vial). Directly afterwards, patients opted to either sit up (n = 34) or lie down (n = 61) for ten minutes. Results: Twenty-seven patients (44%) reported substantial benefit and 17 (28%) complete benefit (pain freedom) for a median duration of 70 days and 84 days in the 'supine' group, compared with 10 (29%) substantial and 6 (18%) complete benefit (pain freedom) for a median duration of 25 days (substantial) and 119 days (complete) in the 'sitting' group. Overall, a supine position results in a longer overall post-GON block headache-free period (p-value 0.007) and median relief score (p-value 0.017) compared to a sitting up position, as determined by Mann-Whitney U-test. Backward multiple linear regression analysis showed that the chronicity of the patient's condition is negatively associated (beta -0.24, p-value 0.024) and the post-GON block patient position is positively associated (beta 0.25, p-value 0.018) with the achieved headache-free period. Apart from variation in baseline headache characteristics, the 'sitting' and 'supine' cohorts did not significantly differ in terms of other clinical parameters and patient demographics. Conclusions: Placing a patient in a supine position following a GON block procedure for headache may significantly improve the resulting clinical effectiveness of this treatment. Further research, through a prospective, multi-centre, randomised, controlled trial, is indicated to determine if the initial positive observations in this present pragmatic evaluation can be confirmed

An equivalent uniaxial fatigue stress model for analyzing landing gear fuse pins

We study the biaxial stress state conditions in landing gear fuse pins in the fuse groove. This biaxial state comprises a combination of shear stresses which are usually the largest stresses in the fuse pin by design, and compressive stresses which keep the half-section of the fuse pin in equilibrium. Conventional fatigue analysis techniques use an equivalent uniaxial stress, based on the Mises stress of a pure-shear condition. The respective predicted fatigue damages are much higher than those obtained from fuse pin cyclic tests. A new equivalent uniaxial fatigue stress model is proposed that includes the additional compressive stress as a relief on the fatigue damage in the fuse groove, thereby explaining the observations from fuse pin tests. The model is used in conventional uniaxial strain-life fatigue software (Goodrich Aerospace’s Fatigue Life V2) to predict the fatigue damage on a landing gear fuse pin with a sample load spectrum. The results are then compared to the pure shear model, and to a biaxial FEM fatigue analysis. As compared to the equivalent Mises model, the proposed model provides less conservative estimation of the fuse pin fatigue life, the latter value being higher than that provided by the two-dimensional FEM calculation.Розглянуто умови двовісного напруженого стану запобіжних елементів шасі - шплінтів у запобіжних вузлах. У цьому випадку має місце поєднання дотичних напружень, рівень яких відповідає максимально допустимому рівню напружень у конструкції, та стискальних напружень, що визначаються з умов рівноваги. Згідно зі стандартними методиками розрахунку на утому таке поєднання напружень заміняється еквівалентним одновісним напруженням на основі умов чистого зсуву по Мізесу. При цьому розрахункові характеристики матеріалу від утомленості є значно вищими за експериментальні, що отримані при випробуваннях шплінтів на утому. Запропоновано модель еквівалентного одновісного утомного напруження, в якій враховується розвантажувальний ефект стискальних напружень. Модель використовується в рамках стандартного пакета програм розрахунку деформаційних кривих утоми (Goodrich Aerospace’s Fatigue Life V2) для оцінки утомної довговічності запобіжного шплінта шасі під дією циклічного навантаження. Отримані результати порівнюються з визначеними за допомогою моделі чистого зсуву і розрахункової скінченноелементної програми. Використання запропонованої моделі гарантує оцінку утомної довговічності менш консервативну, аніж за еквівалентною моделлю Мізеса, але більш завищену порівняно з двовимірним скінченноелементним розрахунком.Рассмотрены условия двухосного напряженного состояния предохранительных элементов шасси - шплинтов в предохранительных узлах. В этом случае имеет место сочетание касательных напряжений, уровень которых соответствует максимально допустимому уровню напряжений в конструкции, и сжимающих напряжений, определяемых из условий равновесия. Согласно стандартным методикам расчета на усталость такое сочетание напряжений заменяется эквивалентным одноосным напряжением, исходя из условий чистого сдвига по Мизесу. При этом расчетные усталостные характеристики материала оказываются существенно выше, чем экспериментальные, полученные при усталостных испытаниях шплинтов. Предлагается модель эквивалентного одноосного усталостного напряжения, в которой учитывается разгрузочный эффект сжимающих напряжений. Модель используется в рамках стандартного пакета программ расчета деформационных кривых усталости (Goodrich Aerospace’s Fatigue Life V2) для оценки усталостной долговечности предохранительного шплинта шасси под действием циклических нагрузок. Полученные результаты сравниваются с определенными с помощью модели чистого сдвига и расчетной конечноэлементной программы. Использование предложенной модели обеспечивает оценку усталостной долговечности менее консервативную, чем эквивалентная модель Мизеса, но более завышенную, чем двухмерный конечноэлементный расчет