Renting cells abroad:Understanding contemporary policy responses to prison overcrowding

Since 2019, Denmark has faced problems of prison overcrowding exacerbated by shortages of prison staff. To overcome this, Denmark reached an agreement to rent 300 prison cells from Kosovo in order to house convicted prisoners from non-EU countries scheduled for deportation from Denmark after their sentences have expired. Based on the Belgian (2010-2016) and Norwegian (2015-2018) experiences of renting prison cells abroad, this article will explore the Danish policy of easing prison overcrowding by renting prison places abroad. The findings show that the principle of renting prison cells abroad can solve immediate problems of overcrowding for the sending state and fill empty prison places in the receiving state, but not without serious concerns. In particular, the commodification of foreign national prisoners can undermine the protection of prisoners’ rights such as legal certainty and protection against torture or cruel and unusual treatment. Moreover, renting prison cells is a short-term solution for prison overcrowding underlying the fundamental issue of expansionist prison policies in European countries

Detentiebeleving van strafrechtelijk gedetineerden zonder verblijfsrecht

__Abstract__ The detention experiences of male criminal foreign national prisoners without legal residence receive little attention in penological literature. A qualitative study amongst 30 prisoners with and 16 prisoners without legal residence in the penitentiary institution Tilburg shows that contacts with the social network and the preparation of the reintegration in society are (more) complicated for foreign national prisoners without legal residence. Besides, communication with the staff is more difficult for this group. These factors have negative impact on their detention experiences. The results show that both deprivation and importation theory apply to foreign national prisoners without legal residence. However, importation aspects - especially the lack of legal residence - may substantially and systematically increase the deprivation and result in additional exclusion and isolation mechanisms for this pa

Detentiebeleving van strafrechtelijk gedetineerden zonder verblijfsrecht

The detention experiences of male criminal foreign national prisoners without legal residence receive little attention in penological literature. A qualitative study amongst 30 prisoners with and 16 prisoners without legal residence in the penitentiary institution Tilburg shows that contacts with the social network and the preparation of the reintegration in society are (more) complicated for foreign national prisoners without legal residence. Besides, communication with the staff is more difficult for this group. These factors have negative impact on their detention experiences. The results show that both deprivation and importation theory apply to foreign national prisoners without legal residence. However, importation aspects - especially the lack of legal residence - may substantially and systematically increase the deprivation and result in additional exclusion and isolation mechanisms for this particular group

Kennissynthese over de relatie tussen voeding en gedrag bij justitiabelen en mogelijke toepassingen vanuit de voedingswetenschap voor de praktijk

Research into the origin of delinquent and criminal behavior has long been strongly psychosocially oriented. In the last decades, however, interest in other explanations has increased significantly. In criminology neurobiological explanations of delinquent and criminal behavior, are excepted as alternative and additional explanations. This recent development also applies to novel knowledge acquired from nutritional sciences. What we eat determines to a certain extent how we behave. Knowledge from nutritional sciences may also provide starting points for new treatments focusing on behavioral change. So far however, this knowledge has not yet been reviewed systematically. This knowledge synthesis aims to fill this gap. Insights from nutritional sciences might shed new light on delinquent and criminal behavior. These insights might contribute to new treatment options for offenders.Onderzoek naar het ontstaan van delinquent en crimineel gedrag is lange tijd sterk psychosociaal georiënteerd geweest. In de laatste decennia neemt de belangstelling voor andere verklaringen echter sterk toe. Zo raakt de criminologie steeds meer gewend aan de neurobiologische verklaringen van delinquent en crimineel gedrag, soms als alternatieve verklaring, soms als aanvulling op bestaande theorieën. Tot deze recente ontwikkeling hoort ook nieuwe kennis vanuit de voedingswetenschap. Deze kennis is echter nog niet eerder systematisch in beeld gebracht. Deze kennissynthese beoogt deze lacune te vullen.In de kennissynthese wordt een aantal onderwerpen behandeld. Enkele hiervan zijn algemeen. Er wordt uitleg gegeven over wat onder adequate voeding en tekorten wordt verstaan, daarnaast wordt ingegaan op mogelijke effecten van tekorten op gedrag. Meer specifiek wordt beschreven wat er vanuit de voedingswetenschap bekend is over behandelmogelijkheden bij tal van gedragsproblemen. Een apart hoofdstuk is gewijd aan voedingsinterventies bij justitiabelen, vooral gedetineerden. Tot slot wordt de justitiële context waarbinnen voeding een belangrijke rol speelt besproken. INHOUD: 1. Voeding en gedrag 2. Methoden 3. Tekorten en associaties met gedrag 4. Voedingsinterventies; algemeen 5. Voedingsinterventies bij justitiabelen 6. Eten in de gevangenis 7. Opbrengst 8. Summary 9. Literatuu

Ervaringen met het Belgische detentie regime in PI Tilburg

Since February 2010, Belgian prisoners have been detained at the Penitentiary Institution (PI) of Tilburg. They are subjected to a predominantly Belgian regime that is executed by Dutch staff under a Belgian-Dutch board of governors. This report focusses on the factors that influence the lived experiences of the Tilburg detention regime of both prisoners and staff. The following central research question was formulated: what are the (positive, negative or other) experiences with the execution of the Belgian detention regime in a Dutch institution, what are the consequences of those experiences and what are the possible causes of these experiences?Het experiment Nova Belgica in PI Tilburg heeft een looptijd van drie jaar (2010- 2013). Het is een samenwerkingsproject tussen twee buurlanden. In een Nederlandse inrichting met Nederlands personeel worden Belgische gedetineerden ingesloten op basis van Belgische wet- en regelgeving. Het biedt een unieke gelegenheid na te gaan welke uitwerking en effecten dit heeft op het functioneren van PI Tilburg en tot welke mogelijke lessen dit leidt voor de vrijheidsbeneming in Nederland. De volgende probleemstelling wordt in dit onderzoek aan de orde gesteld: Wat zijn de (positieve, negatieve of andere) ervaringen met de uitvoering van het Belgische detentieregime in een Nederlandse inrichting, wat zijn de consequenties van die ervaringen en welke mogelijke oorzaken zijn er aan te geven voor het optreden van deze ervaringen? INHOUD: 1. Nova Belgica 2. Opzet en methode van onderzoek 3. Juridisch kader 4. Theoretisch kader 5. Kwantitatieve gegevens over de tevredenheid van gedetineerden en medewerkers in de PI Tilburg 6. Ervaringen van gedetineerden en personeel in de PI Tilburg en de PI Norgerhaven 7. Conclusies en beantwoording onderzoeksvrage

Insight versus Effort. Communicating the Creative Process Leading to New Products

Studies of the creative process identify two relevant sources of new ideas and products: Insight, a sudden, dreamlike, illuminating experience; and effort, deliberate, structured, hard work. With the aim of investigating the communication of the creative process,this research proposes that consumers hold associations between insight and arts, and between effort and sciences. These lay theories induce differential evaluations of new products: consumersevaluate more favorably artistic and scientific products presented as the outcome of insight or effort, respectively. The strength of the proposed effects, however,depends on the level of consumer expertise in the relevant product domain. We maintain that,as audience expertise increases, lay theories become less relevant and the effects of creative process narratives are attenuated. Five studies support the proposed conceptual framework and showthatnarratives of thecreative process influence the evaluations of new products, depending on the product domain and on consumer expertise