Problema de planeamento do projeto para biblioteca de desenvolvimento de software - PSPSWDLIB

Um Problema de Gestão de Projetos de Desenvolvimento de Software é uma variante do Problemas Gestão de Projetos onde o modelo de desenvolvimento de software pode ser apresentado como um conjunto de actividades de software a realizar, um conjunto de recursos humanos, um conjunto de recursos financeiros e o variável tempo dividida por actividade. Este artigo apresenta um exemplo do Problema de Gestão de Projetos de Desenvolvimento de Software para projectos de desenvolvimento de software.A Project Scheduling Problem for Software Development is a variant of Project Scheduling Problem where the software development model can be presented as a set of software activities, a set of developer skills and a set of resources specified on money and the total time divided on time per activity. This paper presents an instance set of Project Scheduling Problem for Software Development for projects of software development

L’art de la traque, note sur Allio et Losey

Il peut paraître surprenant de rapprocher ces deux cinéastes aux tempéraments si dissemblables, et qu’une culture et une génération séparent (Losey est né en 1909, Allio en 1924). L’idée m’en est venue en partie, on s’en doute, du fait de leur expérience commune du théâtre et, plus particulièrement, de leur connivence avec Brecht. Losey a directement collaboré avec Bertolt Brecht pour la création de Galileo Galilei à Los Angeles en 1947, Allio a..

Solvation Structure of Uracil in Ionic Liquids

The local solvation environment of uracil dissolved in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate has been studied using neutron diffraction techniques. At solvent:solute ratios of 3:1 and 2:1 ionic liquid:uracil, little perturbation of the ion-ion correlations compared to those of the neat ionic liquid are observed. We find that solvation of the uracil is driven predominantly by the acetate anion of the solvent. While short distance correlations exist between uracil and the imidazolium cation, the geometry of these contacts suggest that they cannot be considered as hydrogen bonds, in contrast to other studies by Araújo et al. (J. M. Araújo, A. B. Pereiro, J. N. Canongia-Lopes, L. P. Rebelo, I. M. Marrucho, J. Phys. Chem. B 2013, 117, 4109-4120). Nevertheless, this combination of interactions of the solute with both the cation and anion components of the solvents helps explain the high solubility of the nucleobase in this media. In addition, favorable uracil-uracil contacts are observed, of similar magnitude to those between cation and uracil, and are also likely to aid dissolutio

Evaluación de los cambios morfológicos del síndrome de Basstrup por resonancia magnética en pacientes bajo tratamiento analgésico crónico y/o terapia intervencionista.

La lumbalgia es un problema de salud pública por su elevada prevalencia y repercusión socioeconómica. Su cronicidad condiciona importantes pérdidas económicas debido a ausentismo en empleos. Es importante identificar la causa de la lumbalgia crónica mediante clínica, exploración física y por estudios de imagen. La resonancia magnética es el estudio de imagen más confiable para la valoración de la lumbalgia crónica ya que permite valorar adecuadamente la morfología de los discos intervertebrales, raíces nerviosas, ligamentos, musculatura y datos de artrosis. Los procesos degenerativos de las apófisis espinosas son una entidad que condiciona lumbalgia crónica, si no es adecuadamente valorada puede llevar a largos tratamientos con medicamentos analgésicos y hasta terapia intervencionista/quirúrgica

Single-channel Properties of Human NaV1.1 and Mechanism of Channel Dysfunction in SCN1A-associated Epilepsy

Mutations in genes encoding neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel subunits have been linked to inherited forms of epilepsy. The majority of mutations (>100) associated with generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) and severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI) occur in SCN1A encoding the NaV1.1 neuronal sodium channel α-subunit. Previous studies demonstrated functional heterogeneity among mutant SCN1A channels, revealing a complex relationship between clinical and biophysical phenotypes. To further understand the mechanisms responsible for mutant SCN1A behavior, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the single-channel properties of heterologously expressed recombinant WT-SCN1A channels. Based on these data, we then determined the mechanisms for dysfunction of two GEFS+-associated mutations (R1648H, R1657C) both affecting the S4 segment of domain 4. WT-SCN1A has a slope conductance (17 pS) similar to channels found in native mammalian neurons. The mean open time is ∼0.3 ms in the −30 to −10 mV range. The R1648H mutant, previously shown to display persistent sodium current in whole-cell recordings, exhibited similar slope conductance but had an increased probability of late reopening and a subfraction of channels with prolonged open times. We did not observe bursting behavior and found no evidence for a gating mode shift to explain the increased persistent current caused by R1648H. Cells expressing R1657C exhibited conductance, open probability, mean open time, and latency to first opening similar to WT channels but reduced whole-cell current density, suggesting decreased number of functional channels at the plasma membrane. In summary, our findings define single-channel properties for WT-SCN1A, detail the functional phenotypes for two human epilepsy-associated sodium channel mutants, and clarify the mechanism for increased persistent sodium current induced by the R1648H allele

Pathogenic copy number variants and SCN1A mutations in patients with intellectual disability and childhood-onset epilepsy

Background Copy number variants (CNVs) have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability (ID), autism, epilepsy and psychiatric disease. There are few studies of CNVs in patients with both ID and epilepsy. Methods We evaluated the range of rare CNVs found in 80 Welsh patients with ID or developmental delay (DD), and childhood-onset epilepsy. We performed molecular cytogenetic testing by single nucleotide polymorphism array or microarray-based comparative genome hybridisation. Results 8.8 % (7/80) of the patients had at least one rare CNVs that was considered to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic. The CNVs involved known disease genes (EHMT1, MBD5 and SCN1A) and imbalances in genomic regions associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (16p11.2, 16p13.11 and 2q13). Prompted by the observation of two deletions disrupting SCN1A we undertook further testing of this gene in selected patients. This led to the identification of four pathogenic SCN1A mutations in our cohort. Conclusions We identified five rare de novo deletions and confirmed the clinical utility of array analysis in patients with ID/DD and childhood-onset epilepsy. This report adds to our clinical understanding of these rare genomic disorders and highlights SCN1A mutations as a cause of ID and epilepsy, which can easily be overlooked in adults

Estudio Comparativo en la Calidad Nutricional y Empatique de Galletas de Pulido de Arroz

El pulido de arroz se define como un subproducto de aspecto harinoso, suave y fibroso al tacto, constituido por el pericarpio, el tegumento, la aleurona, parte del grano, en polvo o en fragmentos y germen entero y triturado, así como cascarilla. Es rico en proteínas, grasas, y contiene una cantidad apreciable de vitaminas y minerales; sin embargo el uso al que se ha destinado este subproducto es únicamente para el consumo animal. En base a lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es contribuir en la trasformación del pulido de arroz para consumo humano, mediante la elaboración de galletas utilizando el subproducto de arroz pulido. Para el logro del trabajo de investigación, la materia prima se obtuvo de la empresa arrocera Agrocampo Arisanta S.P.R de R.L de C.V. una vez obtenida la materia prima, esta llevo a laboratorio para la preparación de las galletas, realizar los distintos análisis físico-químicos e identificar la vida en anaquel, la cual se valoró cada 15 días durante un periode de cinco meses. Los resultados indican que la porción por galleta debe de ser de 40 gramos, teniendo cada galleta un contenido de fibra de 3.2% y 12.5% de proteína. En relación a la vida en anaquel, se observó que las galletas conservan sus características organolépticas hasta por un tiempo de cinco meses. Estos resultados contribuyen de forma directa a los beneficios a la salud, por lo que sus características permite que se desarrollen alimentos funcionales, tal es el caso de la elaboración de galletas a base de pulido, de consistencia y  sabor agradable al paladar de aquellas personas que gustan de cuidar su dieta   Rice polishing is defined as a by-product with a floury appearance, soft and fibrous to the touch, consisting of the pericarp, the integument, the aleurone, part of the grain, in powder or fragments and whole and ground germ, as well as a husk. It is rich in proteins, and fats, and contains an appreciable amount of vitamins and minerals; however, the use to which this by-product has been destined is solely for animal consumption. Based on the above, the objective of this research work is to contribute to the transformation of polished rice for human consumption, by making biscuits using the polished rice by-product. For the achievement of the research work, the raw material was obtained from the rice company Agrocampo Arisanta S.P.R de R.L de C.V. Once the raw material was obtained, it was taken to the laboratory for the preparation of the cookies, to carry out the different physical-chemical analyzes and to identify the shelf life, which was valued every 15 days during a period of five months. The results indicate that the serving per cookie should be 40 grams, with each cookie having a fiber content of 3.2% and 12.5% ​​protein. In relation to shelf life, it was observed that cookies retain their organoleptic characteristics for up to five months. These results contribute directly to health benefits, so its characteristics allow functional foods to be developed, such is the case of the production of polishing-based biscuits, with a consistency and a palatable taste for those who like to take care of your diet

Morfometría, salud y uso del burro del Golfo de México

Donkeys Equus asinus are very important in rural Mexican communities for their utility as transport and pack animals. Morphometric and health data were collected for donkeys in a rural municipality in central Veracruz state, Mexico. A participatory workshop on donkey care and use was held with owner families to establish how they cared for their animals, and social perceptions of them. A total of 200 adult donkeys from 200 families were sampled. Morphometric measurements were taken, blood samples taken for hematology analyses, and feces for parasitology. Donkey morphometric data placed them in the small to medium standard size. Average age was six years, and body condition and weight were acceptable. Two thirds of the sampled donkeys had a medium-low parasite load, and all had hematological data within reference indices for healthy animals. Average daily use of the donkeys was six hours, and they were most commonly used for hauling.En las comunidades rurales mexicanas la presencia de los burros (Equus asinus) ha sido de suma importancia para las actividades del campo como transporte o animal de carga. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las características morfométricas y de salud de burros de una región del sureste mexicano para establecer sus cuidados e importancia para las familias campesinas. La población muestreada fue de 200 burros adultos, a los cuales se les midieron características morfométricas, se recolectaron muestras de sangre para hematología y de heces para parasitología. Con las familias propietarias se realizó un taller participativo sobre el cuidado y usos del burro. Los resultados indicaron que la talla de los burros los clasifica como de tamaño estándar pequeño a medio, con una edad promedio de 6 años, con una condición corporal y peso aceptable. De la población muestreada, dos terceras partes presentó carga parasitaría media baja con características hemáticas dentro de índices de referencia de animales sanos. El uso diario del burro es de 6 horas en promedio y la mayor actividad es para carga

Post-translational modifications of voltage-gated sodium channels in chronic pain syndromes.

In the peripheral sensory nervous system the neuronal expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) is very important for the transmission of nociceptive information since they give rise to the upstroke of the action potential (AP). Navs are composed of nine different isoforms with distinct biophysical properties. Studying the mutations associated with the increase or absence of pain sensitivity in humans, as well as other expression studies, have highlighted Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 as being the most important contributors to the control of nociceptive neuronal electrogenesis. Modulating their expression and/or function can impact the shape of the AP and consequently modify nociceptive transmission, a process that is observed in persistent pain conditions. Post-translational modification (PTM) of Navs is a well-known process that modifies their expression and function. In chronic pain syndromes, the release of inflammatory molecules into the direct environment of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons leads to an abnormal activation of enzymes that induce Navs PTM. The addition of small molecules, i.e., peptides, phosphoryl groups, ubiquitin moieties and/or carbohydrates, can modify the function of Navs in two different ways: via direct physical interference with Nav gating, or via the control of Nav trafficking. Both mechanisms have a profound impact on neuronal excitability. In this review we will discuss the role of Protein Kinase A, B, and C, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases and Ca++/Calmodulin-dependent Kinase II in peripheral chronic pain syndromes. We will also discuss more recent findings that the ubiquitination of Nav1.7 by Nedd4-2 and the effect of methylglyoxal on Nav1.8 are also implicated in the development of experimental neuropathic pain. We will address the potential roles of other PTMs in chronic pain and highlight the need for further investigation of PTMs of Navs in order to develop new pharmacological tools to alleviate pain