Estimating the costs of international equity investments.

We generalize the Cooper and Kaplanis (1994) methodology for estimating the costs that couldreconcile international portfolio holdings with CAPM predictions. First, we simultaneouslyestimate inward and outward investment costs and even interactions between home and hostcountry. Second, the risk aversion parameter is estimated rather than postulated. Third, wedetect costs for domestic investments. We ¯nd that the home bias in equity portfolios is relatedto a mixture of market frictions, such as information asymmetries, institutional factors andexplicit costs. Over the period 2001-2004, the average implicit investment costs range from0.26 (US) to 16 (Turkey) percent per annum.Determinants; Investments; Variability; Companies; Size; Variables;

Incidence and correlates of delirium in a West African mental health clinic

Objective: <br/> <br/> To determine the incidence of delirium in those patients presenting to a psychiatric clinic in Nigeria and to examine if any demographic or clinical variables were correlated with this diagnosis. <br/> <br/> Method <br/> <br/> A prospective survey design; 264 consecutive new referrals to a psychiatric clinic in Nigeria were assessed for the presence of delirium using a standardised diagnostic scale. Data was analysed for normality and appropriate statistical test employed to examine the relationships between the presence of delirium and demographic and clinical variables. <br/> <br/> Results <br/> <br/> Of individuals presenting to the mental health clinics, 18.2% had delirium. No demographic variable was significant regarding the presence or absence of delirium. With regard to clinical variables duration of current symptoms, referral source and the presence of comorbid physical illness were significantly associated with the presence of delirium. Most delirium was due to infections. Nearly all patients with delirium were prescribed psychotropic medication (95.2%), and most attributed their symptoms to a spiritual cause.Conclusion(s) Delirium presents more commonly to psychiatry services in the less developed world compared to the West. Development efforts should focus on recognition and management of delirium to improve outcomes and maximise resource

Toward systematic diversification of collegiate U.S. Arabic language curricula

Growing recognition of the importance of instruction in colloquial Arabic has led to increased incorporation of colloquials into collegiate Arabic programs, whether taught separately from Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), or in an integrated fashion. Nevertheless, collegiate U.S. Arabic programs have, overall, not yet succeeded in foregrounding the Arab world’s tremendously rich linguistic and cultural diversity. In many programs, both those that teach MSA and colloquial Arabic separately and those that follow an integrated approach, the lived experience of a great number of communities in the Arab world remains invisible. This report examines how the push for colloquial instruction has inadvertently sustained the practices of erasure that increased instruction in informal Arabic had sought to address, and calls into question existing center-versus-periphery schemata that inform the work of Arabic curriculum designers. Instead, it proposes an approach to Arabic curriculum design that centralizes the Arab world’s diversity and heterogeneity, rather than presenting it as a “tokenized side note” (Randall, 2017). This means offering alternatives to dominant narratives about Arab culture in the classroom and diversifying the Arabic colloquials taught. The report concludes with steps that Arabic program leaders, and curriculum and material designers, might take toward profound diversification of our Arabic curricula

Sports geography: new approaches, perspectives and directions

International audienc

A Measure of Pure Home Bias

The literature on international equity holdings distinguishes between home bias (overweighting of home stocks) and foreign bias (relative underweighting for more 'distant' countries). The two biases can be integrated into one distance-based model. We define pure home bias as the excess of home bias relative to this model, and find pure home bias only in emerging markets. Countries with high tax rates and low credit standing have higher pure home bias, and more development comes with lower distance aversion. Methodologically, the choice of portfolio bias measure matters. We find the best measure to be a covariance-based measure relative to the world average

Multifaceted Assessment in a Family Medicine Clerkship: A Pilot Study

Background and Objectives: Programs of assessment should reflect the multifaceted nature of medical competence. We experimented with new testing methods, ie, script concordance testing (SCT) and clinical reasoning problems (CRPs), combined with the habitual OSCE for an end of family medicine clerkship. Our aims were to compare students’ scores with experts’ scores, to determine whether the new tests detected learning over a 3-month period, and to examine whether the tests were redundant. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study on one cohort of family medicine clerks. Two formative testing sessions using both SCT and CRPs were held 3 months apart. Students’ scores were compared to those of the panel of experts used to score the tests. We examined the difference in students’ scores between the two testing sessions. Finally, we computed correlation coefficients between these scores and the summative OSCE. Results: Panelists’ scores were significantly higher than students’ scores. SCT scores did not change significantly over 3 months whereas CRP scores improved (Wilcoxon z -3.058, effect size 0.461, P=.002). Correlations between the OSCE and the written tests were low or non-significant. There were low correlations between the first CRP and both SCTs (Spearman’s rho 0.357 and 0.358) but not between the second CRP and any SCT. Conclusions: Written tests of clinical reasoning could provide relevant additional information to the evaluation of students’ competence over the course of a family medicine clerkship. Further research is needed to determine the potential educational consequences of such programs of assessment

Learning Lab : un exemple d’application interprofessionnelle

Descriptif de la thématique Le Learning Lab est un espace dédié à l’apprentissage par simulation dans le domaine de la pharmacie et de la médecine. Il est composé d’une officine et d’un cabinet médical « virtuels » qui permettent la mise en place de jeux de rôle et facilitent l’apprentissage actif et interprofessionnel. La contextualisation de l’apprentissage la plus réaliste possible va permettre à l’étudiant de mobiliser plus facilement ses nouvelles connaissances dans une sphère non didactique (en situation réelle). Le Learning Lab offre de nombreuses opportunités d'apprentissages pour le développement des compétences (inter)professionnelles de nos étudiant.e.s

Learning Lab : un exemple d’application interprofessionnelle

Le Learning Lab est un espace dédié à l’apprentissage par simulation dans le domaine de la pharmacie et de la médecine. Il est composé d’une officine et d’un cabinet médical « virtuels » qui permettent la mise en place de jeux de rôle et facilitent l’apprentissage actif et interprofessionnel. La contextualisation de l’apprentissage la plus réaliste possible va permettre à l’étudiant de mobiliser plus facilement ses nouvelles connaissances dans une sphère non didactique (en situation réelle). Le Learning Lab offre de nombreuses opportunités d'apprentissages pour le développement des compétences (inter)professionnelles de nos étudiant.e.s

Factors influencing protective behaviours to face Covid-19 : review of reviews

Introduction: In 2019, SARS-CoV-2 hit most of the world’s countries, taking the entire world by surprise. Responses varied, epidemiological situations did not stabilise in the same way everywhere, and citizens’ health behaviours differed widely, sometimes within the same country. This last point is of particular interest. This review of reviews drawn lessons from the previous crisis to identify appropriate health-protective behaviours for future crises. The research project is funded by Innoviris. Material and Methods: A review of reviews method was conducted using a PRISMA-compliant umbrella review in Pubmed and Scopus databases, selecting systematic reviews and meta-analyses on protective behaviours and Covid-19, published until May 2023. Only peer-reviewed, reviews and meta-analyses were included. To be considered for selection, the reviews had to be written in English, not refer to a specific population, and refer explicitly to protective behaviours. Reviews that concerned other diseases than Covid-19 were also included. Results: A total of 36 articles were screened, 8 of which met inclusion criteria and covered SARS-CoV-2 or other diseases such as influenza, Ebola, SARS, MERS, Zika and HIV. They provided relevant information on factors influencing protective behaviours. The most frequently cited factors were concerned with individual determinants of protective behaviours such as demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, level of education, perceptions and beliefs, and anxiety, or with social determinants such as social pressure, influencers or herd behaviour. Other determinants that were identified included crisis communication, health education and the mandatory nature of measures. Conclusions: This review enabled us to identify several barriers and facilitators to the adoption of protective health behaviours in response to a health crisis. The findings allow us to draw up guidelines for better management of future crises in terms of promoting protective health behaviour