The GANIL control system as seen from the control room

http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/c81/papers/fp-08.pdfInternational audienc

Instabilities in crystal growth by atomic or molecular beams

The planar front of a growing a crystal is often destroyed by instabilities. In the case of growth from a condensed phase, the most frequent ones are diffusion instabilities, which will be but briefly discussed in simple terms in chapter II. The present review is mainly devoted to instabilities which arise in ballistic growth, especially Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). The reasons of the instabilities can be geometric (shadowing effect), but they are mostly kinetic or thermodynamic. The kinetic instabilities which will be studied in detail in chapters IV and V result from the fact that adatoms diffusing on a surface do not easily cross steps (Ehrlich-Schwoebel or ES effect). When the growth front is a high symmetry surface, the ES effect produces mounds which often coarsen in time according to power laws. When the growth front is a stepped surface, the ES effect initially produces a meandering of the steps, which eventually may also give rise to mounds. Kinetic instabilities can usually be avoided by raising the temperature, but this favours thermodynamic instabilities. Concerning these ones, the attention will be focussed on the instabilities resulting from slightly different lattice constants of the substrate and the adsorbate. They can take the following forms. i) Formation of misfit dislocations (chapter VIII). ii) Formation of isolated epitaxial clusters which, at least in their earliest form, are `coherent' with the substrate, i.e. dislocation-free (chapter X). iii) Wavy deformation of the surface, which is presumably the incipient stage of (ii) (chapter IX). The theories and the experiments are critically reviewed and their comparison is qualitatively satisfactory although some important questions have not yet received a complete answer.Comment: 90 pages in revtex, 45 figures mainly in gif format. Review paper to be published in Physics Reports. Postscript versions for all the figures can be found at http://www.theo-phys.uni-essen.de/tp/u/politi

Interplane cross-saturation in multiphase machines

The use of electrical machines in electric vehicles and high-power drives frequently requires multiphase machines and multiphase inverters. While appropriate mathematical models under the linear magnetic conditions are readily available for multiphase machines, the same cannot be said for the models of the saturated multiphase machines. This paper examines the saturation in an asymmetrical six-phase induction machine under different supply conditions and addresses the applicability of the existing saturated three-phase machine models for representation of saturated multiphase machines. Specifically, the mutual coupling between different sequence planes in the vector space decomposed model under saturated conditions is analyzed. The paper relies on analytical considerations, finite element analysis and experimental results. It is shown that the saturation of the main flux path is influenced by the current components in the orthogonal (non-fundamental) sequence plane. This implies the need to develop new multiphase machine models which take this effect into account

Transitioning to safety II : understand how the health care team’s modes of success could turn into risks for patients.

International audienceA recent thesis work sought to develop a new method to analyse the risks incurred by radiotherapy patients in France, in order to overcome the difficulties met when applying Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for complex socio-technical system. We would like to present this method in line with the Safety-II perspective. Actually, participating to the Workshop will be an opportunity to place this research in relation to other Safety-II approaches, and to discuss its strengths and weaknesses

The Solar Irradiation Record in Lunar Dust Grains

Comparative studies of the distribution of latent and etched tracks in lunar grains from five different size fractions of three lunar fine samples and of six lunar dust samples taken at different depths in core tube 12028 have been performed by using transmission and scanning electron microscopies. Two very different sets of etching conditions were used: a slight etching was applied for transmission microscopy but a much stronger etching was used for scanning microscopy. We observed: (1) a definite stratigraphy in the core tube, both in the latent and etched track distributions; (2) striking differences between the densities of the latent and slightly etched tracks (≥ 1010 tracks cm−2) and those of the strongly etched tracks, ranging from ⋍ 108 to 5.109 tracks cm−2; (3) a lack of correlation between the grain size and the density of strongly etched tracks observed on the external surface of grains from sample 12032; (4) no variation of the density of the tracks with the depth inside a grain. Some implications of the present results concerning the ancient low energy solar cosmic rays and the fabric of the lunar soil will be briefly discussed.</jats:p

Transitioning to safety II : understand how the health care team’s modes of success could turn into risks for patients.

International audienceA recent thesis work sought to develop a new method to analyse the risks incurred by radiotherapy patients in France, in order to overcome the difficulties met when applying Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for complex socio-technical system. We would like to present this method in line with the Safety-II perspective. Actually, participating to the Workshop will be an opportunity to place this research in relation to other Safety-II approaches, and to discuss its strengths and weaknesses

Cholinergic effects on intracellular free calcium concentration in renal corpuscle: role of parietal sheet

To investigate a possible effect of cholinergic agonists on the renal glomerular function, fura-2 microfluorometric measurements of intracellular free calcium [( Ca2+]i) were performed on single intact glomeruli, single isolated parietal sheets of the Bowman's capsule and single parietal sheet-deprived glomeruli (PS-D glomerulus). Carbachol (10(-4) M), in the presence of 2 mM external calcium, induced a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]i characterized by a sharp initial peak followed by a sustained plateau in the whole glomerulus (delta [Ca2+]i = 177 +/- 13 and 70 +/- 7 nM, respectively; n = 21) and in the parietal sheet (418 +/- 30 and 111 +/- 13 nM, respectively; n = 21). In the PS-D glomerulus (n = 9), the response was less marked and included a barely visible peak (77 +/- 13 nM) and a relatively low plateau (49 +/- 11 nM). In the absence of external calcium, the peak phase was preserved in the three structures, indicating a calcium release from intracellular pools, whereas the plateau, due to the entry of external calcium, was suppressed. These effects were fully inhibited by 10(-4) M of either atropine or pirenzepine, demonstrating the muscarinic nature of the receptors. Dose-response curves showed that the parietal sheet was more sensitive to the physiological agonist (acetylcholine) than to carbachol. A still unexplained difference in sensitivity was noted between peak and plateau, respectively (half-maximal responses were 5 x 10(-6) vs. 5 x 10(-7) M for carbachol and 2 x 10(-7) vs. 3 x 10(-8) M for acetylcholine).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) </jats:p