Antimicrobial Resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus from dairy cows with mastitis in the Region of Central Macedonia over a five-month period (March-July 2021)

In Greece, a National Monitoring Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance in sick bovine animals was launched (2021). We aimed at surveying the antimicrobial resistance profiles of 118 pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from dairy cows >18 months with mastitis in the Region of Central Macedonia from 1st March to 31st July 2021, where 45% (Census 2020: 69.186/128.511) of dairy cows in Greece are concentrated. By using the disk diffusion method (according to the CLSI guidelines), we tested susceptibility of isolates to nine antimicrobials (penicillin, cefoxitin, cefquinome, gentamicin, tetracycline, marbofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, enrofloxacin) selected following the marketing amounts of animal use in Greece. In the study, 62/11 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found to be resistant 52,54% to penicillin; 57/118 were 48,31% resistant to erythromycin, 56/118 were resistant 47,46% to clindamycin; 29/118 were 24,58% resistant to tetracycline and cefquinome both, 27/118 were 22,88% resistant to cefoxitin, 20/118 were 16,95% resistant to gentamicin, 3/118 were 2,54% resistant to marbofloxacin and, 2/118 were 1,69% resistant to enrofloxacin. Regarding the surveillance on the antimicrobial resistance of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates, that cause mastitis in cattle (penicillin in combination with an aminoglycoside, is the most commonly applied therapeutic treatment scheme against mastitis in Greece), to the β-lactams (penicillin, cefoxitin) it is needed further investigation, under the ‘One Health’ approach in respect to the prudent use of antibiotics in staphylococcal infections in humans and in the veterinary medicine in Greece. However, it seems that several kinds of interventions at farm level led to the protection of quinolones. The study offers a thorough understanding of the antimicrobial resistance patterns among Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The significant resistance rates to various antibiotics highlight the need for responsible antibiotic usage and continuous monitoring of resistance trends. These insights are crucial in developing effective strategies to tackle the emergence and dissemination of resistant strains and ensuring better treatment and control of infections caused by this bacterium. The findings add valuable knowledge to our understanding of antibiotic resistance and its implications. Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance; Staphylococcus aureus; mastitis; prudent use of antibiotics; One Healt

Ever-increasing emergence of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in the dog and its zoonotic potentials

Ανθεκτικά στη μεθικιλλίνη στελέχη του Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) έχουν εμφανιστεί στο σκύλο τα τελευταία 10 χρόνια, με ολοένα αυξανόμενη συχνότητα σε ολόκληρο τον κόσμο. Η βιβλιογραφική αυτή ανασκόπηση στοχεύει στην επιδημιολογία και ταυτοποίηση του MRSP και ιδιαίτερα στην ερμηνεία και τις παγίδες που ενδέχεται να κρύβουν οι εργαστηριακές δοκιμές ανίχνευσης και αντιμικροβιακής ευαισθησίας. Ακολουθεί η περιγραφή των παραγόντων κινδύνου για τον αποικισμό και την λοίμωξη από τον MRSP και η μοριακή ανάλυση των κυρίαρχων κλώνων. Επιπλέον, επισημαίνεται η σημασία που έχει ο πολυανθεκτικός στα αντιβιοτικά Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MDRSP) για τη Δημόσια Υγεία, από επιδημιολογική άποψη. Αναφέρονται και οι επιλογές ελέγχου του αποικισμού των κλινικά υγιών σκύλων από τον MRSP και των νοσοκομειακών λοιμώξεων από τους MRSP και MDRSP. Τέλος, αναφέρεται το που και πότε πρέπει να γίνεται βακτηριδιακή καλλιέργεια και αντιβιόγραμμα και οι αρχές της τοπικής αντισταφυλοκοκκικής θεραπείας η οποία σε πολλά περιστατικά πυοδέρματος του σκύλου είναι η μοναδική θεραπευτική επιλογή του κτηνιάτρου.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) has emerged as an important pathogen in the dog over the past 10 years with an ever increasing incidence worldwide. This review focuses mainly on the epidemiology and detection of MRSP, emphasizing on the interpretation and pitfalls of screening laboratory tests and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Risk factors for colonization and infection with MRSP and molecular analysis of the dominant clonal lineages are also described. The zoonotic potential and worldwide epidemiology of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MDRSP) are presented. Finally, control options for the colonization of healthy dogs as well as infection by MRSP and MDRSP are described emphasizing on the indications for bacterial culture and susceptibility testing and the principles of topical therapy which may prove to be the sole effective treatment in several canine pyoderma cases

Evaluation of the function and quality of life of patients submitted to girdlestone's resection arthroplasty

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate function and quality of life of patients submitted to Girdlestone's arthroplasty, and to compare outcomes between unilateral Girdlestone's group with the group with contralateral total hip prosthesis. METHODS: Cross-sectional study where 9 patients were evaluated with unilateral Girdlestone's and 3 with Girdlestone's in one hip and contralateral total hip prosthesis. The evaluation consisted in filling in a generic questionnaire on quality of life SF-36 and a specific questionnaire for hip function Harris Hip Score (HHS). The comparison between groups was made by using the Student's t-test and the Fisher's test. RESULTS: The patients of the unilateral Girdlestone's group presented a higher number of SF-36 domains classified as high, although 77.8% of these showed poor results on the HHS. All patients had a leg-length discrepancy and positive Trendelenburg's test, which led to limping gait in 11 of 12 patients evaluated. Of these, only 6 underwent physiotherapy after surgery. CONCLUSION: Girdlestone's postoperative quality of life and function in a Brazilian population still requires further studies, because these outcomes are indicative of study variables' behavior and cannot be regarded as definite.OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a função e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes pós-artroplastia de Girdlestone e comparar os resultados entre os grupos Girdlestone unilateral e o grupo com prótese total de quadril contralateral. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal no qual foram avaliados 9 pacientes com Girdlestone unilateral e 3 com Girdlestone em um quadril e prótese total no quadril contralateral. A avaliação constitui-se em aplicar o questionário genérico de qualidade de vida SF-36 e um questionário funcional específico para o quadril, Harris Hip Score (HHS). A comparação dos grupos foi realizada usando-se o teste t- Student e o teste de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes do grupo Girdlestone unilateral apresentaram maior quantidade de domínios do SF-36 classificados como elevados, embora 77,8% destes tenham obtido resultados ruins no HHS. Todos os pacientes apresentaram o teste de Trendelenburg positivo e discrepância de membros, o que levou à marcha claudicante em 11 dos 12 pacientes avaliados. Destes, apenas 6 submeteram-se a fisioterapia pós-operatória. CONCLUSÃO: A qualidade de vida e a função pós-operatória de Girdlestone, na população brasileira, ainda necessita ser mais pesquisada, pois estes resultados são indicações do comportamento das variáveis de estudo e não podem ser consideradas encerradas.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUNIFESP-EPM DOTUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUNIFESP, EPM DOTSciEL

Strong correlation between the rates of intrinsically antibiotic-resistant species and the rates of acquired resistance in Gram-negative species causing bacteraemia, EU/EEA, 2016

BackgroundAntibiotic resistance, either intrinsic or acquired, is a major obstacle for treating bacterial infections.AimOur objective was to compare the country-specific species distribution of the four Gram-negative species Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species and the proportions of selected acquired resistance traits within these species.MethodWe used data reported for 2016 to the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) by 30 countries in the European Union and European Economic Area.ResultsThe country-specific species distribution varied considerably. While E. coli accounted for 31.9% to 81.0% (median: 69.0%) of all reported isolates, the two most common intrinsically resistant species P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. combined (PSEACI) accounted for 5.5% to 39.2% of isolates (median: 10.1%). Similarly, large national differences were noted for the percentages of acquired non-susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. There was a strong positive rank correlation between the country-specific percentages of PSEACI and the percentages of non-susceptibility to the above antibiotics in all four species (rho > 0.75 for 10 of the 11 pairs of variables tested).ConclusionCountries with the highest proportion of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. were also those where the rates of acquired non-susceptibility in all four studied species were highest. The differences are probably related to national differences in antibiotic consumption and infection prevention and control routines

A Call for Action: The Application of the International Health Regulations to the Global Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance

Stephen Harbarth and colleagues argue that the International Health Regulations (IHR) should be applied to the global health threat of antimicrobial resistance