Развитие и определение специализации военно-морских портов и адмиралтейств юга Украины в первой четверти XIX века

У статті проаналізовано значення суднобудування та Чорноморського військово-морського флоту у процесі формування економічного потенціалу і виробничої спеціалізації Півдня України. Визначено особливості функціонування бюрократичного апарату органів управління морськими справами. Звернуто увагу на діяльність головних командирів Чорноморського флоту і портів І. де Траверсе та О. С. Грейга. Досліджено основні технічні новації, що запроваджувалися в цей період: збільшення терміну експлуатації суден та удосконалення процесу їх ремонту. Сфокусовано погляд на модернізації виробничої бази (насамперед Миколаївського адміралтейства, а саме побудови та удосконалення елінгів, оснащення майстерень сучасними устаткуваннями). Визначено характер суднобудування та дій Чорноморського флоту у відповідності до розвитку світового суднобудування. Показано динаміку поповнення флоту новими кораблями та описано конструктивно-технічні зміни, що були внесені кораблебудівниками Півдня України до певних типів суден. Вказано на причини та закономірності економічної кризи Херсонського адміралтейства. В той же час, дізнаємося про матеріальне становище Севастополя у досліджуваний період. В епіцентрі уваги автора знаходиться криза феодально-кріпосницької системи господарювання, економічна відсталість, що впливали на рентабельність роботи верфей Півдня України.The article deals with the importance of shipbuilding and the Black Sea Navy in the process of economic potential and production specialization in Southern Ukraine. The main features of the bureaucratic maritime affairs government functioning are defined. The attention is paid to the activities of the Black Sea Fleet and Ports commanders: I. de Traverso and A. Greig. The basic technical innovations that were introduced during this period were inquired: the extension of the vessels exploitation period and the improvement of their repairing process. The attention is also focused on the modernization of production facilities (especially Nikolaiev Admiralty, namely slipways improvement and construction, equipping workshops with modern facilities). The shipbuilding character and actions of Black Sea Fleet is defined in accordance with the development of world shipbuilding. The dynamic of the fleet replenishment with new ships is displayed. Structural and technical changes that were done by shipbuilders from southern Ukraine on certain types of vehicles are described. The causes and patterns of Kherson Admiralty economic crisis are specified. At the same time there is an opportunity to learn about the financial situation of Sevastopol during this period. In the focus of interest is the crisis of the feudal economic system, economic backwardness, which affected by the profitability of Southern Ukraine shipyards.В статье проанализировано значение судостроения и Черноморского военно-морского флота в процессе формирования экономического потенциала и производственной специализации Юга Украины. Определены особенности функционирования бюрократического аппарата органов управления морскими делами. Обращено внимание на деятельность главных командиров Черноморского флота и портов И. де Траверсе и А.С. Грейга. Исследованы основные технические новации, которые вводились в этот период: увеличение срока эксплуатации судов и совершенствование процесса их ремонта. Сфокусировано взгляд на модернизацию производственной базы (прежде всего Николаевского адмиралтейства, а именно построения и совершенствования эллингов, оснащение мастерских современным оборудованием). Определен характер судостроения и действий Черноморского флота в соответствии с развитием мирового судостроения. Показана динамика пополнения новыми кораблями флота и описаны конструктивно-технические изменения, внесенные кораблестроителями Юга Украины в определенные типы судов. Указаны причины и закономерности экономического кризиса Херсонского адмиралтейства. В то же время дается представление о материальном положении Севастополя в исследуемый период. В эпицентре внимания автора кризис феодально-крепостнической системы хозяйства, экономическая отсталость, которые влияли на рентабельность работы верфей Юга Украины

New perspectives on the Ising model

The Ising model, in presence of an external magnetic field, is isomorphic to a model of localized interacting particles satisfying the Fermi statistics. By using this isomorphism, we construct a general solution of the Ising model which holds for any dimensionality of the system. The Hamiltonian of the model is solved in terms of a complete finite set of eigenoperators and eigenvalues. The Green's function and the correlation functions of the fermionic model are exactly known and are expressed in terms of a finite small number of parameters that have to be self-consistently determined. By using the equation of the motion method, we derive a set of equations which connect different spin correlation functions. The scheme that emerges is that it is possible to describe the Ising model from a unified point of view where all the properties are connected to a small number of local parameters, and where the critical behavior is controlled by the energy scales fixed by the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian. By using algebra and symmetry considerations, we calculate the self-consistent parameters for the one-dimensional case. All the properties of the system are calculated and obviously agree with the exact results reported in the literature.Comment: 19 RevTeX pages, 9 panels, to be published in Eur. Phys. J.

Intersecting Loop Models on Z^D: Rigorous Results

We consider a general class of (intersecting) loop models in D dimensions, including those related to high-temperature expansions of well-known spin models. We find that the loop models exhibit some interesting features - often in the ``unphysical'' region of parameter space where all connection with the original spin Hamiltonian is apparently lost. For a particular n=2, D=2 model, we establish the existence of a phase transition, possibly associated with divergent loops. However, for n >> 1 and arbitrary D there is no phase transition marked by the appearance of large loops. Furthermore, at least for D=2 (and n large) we find a phase transition characterised by broken translational symmetry.Comment: LaTeX+elsart.cls; 30 p., 6 figs; submitted to Nucl. Phys. B; a few minor typos correcte

Smooth Paths on Three Dimensional Lattice

A particular class of random walks with a spin factor on a three dimensional cubic lattice is studied. This three dimensional random walk model is a simple generalization of random walk for the two dimensional Ising model. All critical diffusion constants and associated critical exponents are calculated. Continuum field theories such as Klein-Gordon, Dirac and massive Chern-Simons theories are constructed near several critical points.Comment: 7 pages,NUP-A-94-

IDEOLOGEME “ORDER” AXIOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF RUSSIA AND THE USA AND THEIR COMPARISON

АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИДЕОЛОГЕМЫ "ПОРЯДОК" В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ РОССИИ И США И ИХ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ Аннотация В данной статье рассматриваются аксиологические аспекты идеологем «порядок» и «order» в политическом дискурсе России и США, также приводятся некоторые результаты сопоставительного исследования идеологем «порядок/order» в российском и американском политическом дискурсе. IDEOLOGEME “ORDER” AXIOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF RUSSIA AND THE USA AND THEIR COMPARISON Abstract The article deals with axiological aspects of ideologeme “order” in the political discourse of Russia and the USA. It is also supplied with some results of comparative research of ideologeme “order” in Russian and American political discourse

Exact Curie temperature for the Ising model on Archimedean and Laves lattices

Using the Feynman-Vdovichenko combinatorial approach to the two dimensional Ising model, we determine the exact Curie temperature for all two dimensional Archimedean lattices. By means of duality, we extend our results to cover all two dimensional Laves lattices. For those lattices where the exact critical temperatures are not exactly known yet, we compare them with Monte Carlo simulations.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figures, 3 table

Quark and pion condensation in a chromomagnetic background field

The general features of quark and pion condensation in dense quark matter with flavor asymmetry have been considered at finite temperature in the presence of a chromomagnetic background field modelling the gluon condensate. In particular, pion condensation in the case of a constant abelian chromomagnetic field and zero temperature has been studied both analytically and numerically. Under the influence of the chromomagnetic background field the effective potential of the system is found to have a global minimum for a finite pion condensate even for small values of the effective quark coupling constant. In the strong field limit, an effective dimensional reduction has been found to take place.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

The signed loop approach to the Ising model: foundations and critical point

The signed loop method is a beautiful way to rigorously study the two-dimensional Ising model with no external field. In this paper, we explore the foundations of the method, including details that have so far been neglected or overlooked in the literature. We demonstrate how the method can be applied to the Ising model on the square lattice to derive explicit formal expressions for the free energy density and two-point functions in terms of sums over loops, valid all the way up to the self-dual point. As a corollary, it follows that the self-dual point is critical both for the behaviour of the free energy density, and for the decay of the two-point functions.Comment: 38 pages, 7 figures, with an improved Introduction. The final publication is available at link.springer.co