On rings whose modules have nonzero homomorphisms to nonzero submodules

We carry out a study of rings R for which HomR (M;N) 6= 0 for all nonzero N ≤ MR. Such rings are called retractable. For a retractable ring, Artinian condition and having Krull dimension are equivalent. Furthermore, a right Artinian ring in which prime ideals commute is precisely a right Noetherian retractable ring. Retractable rings are characterized in several ways. They form a class of rings that properly lies between the class of pseudo-Frobenius rings, and the class of max divisible rings for which the converse of Schur's lemma holds. For several types of rings, including commutative rings, retractability is equivalent to semi-Artinian condition. We show that a Kothe ring R is an Artinian principal ideal ring if and only if it is a certain retractable ring, and determine when R is retractable

Impact of Gender on Vocabulary Acquisition Using Augmented Reality Among Iranian Seventh Grades Students

Vocabulary learning is one of the most important factors that foreign language learners encounter during the process of learning a foreign language. Vocabulary learning used to be a neglected aspect of language learning. In recent years, however, interest in this area has grown enormously. Language teachers have been keen in searching for effective approaches to enhance vocabulary learning. Vocabulary learning is more important than familiarity with the form and meaning of a word. The acquisition of vocabulary plays a central role in learning a second language. The goal of this study is to obtain results regarding the level of students’ vocabulary knowledge, prove the researcher’s assumption about their low level of knowledge of English vocabulary, and show the difference between the boys’ and girls’ knowledge. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this area, a primary sample of 200 students, consisting of 100 male and 100 female students studying in high-school were selected randomly from among the students in Tabriz, the city of Iran. Each student took an 8-score test based on the country’s standards. Findings: According to the results of the study, the level of the students in English language vocabulary knowledge is low, and the level of the female students in English language vocabulary knowledge is better than the boys’ level. Applications/Improvements: Therefore, the study recommends that a Multimedia Technology (Augmented Reality) as a tool to improve students’ vocabulary learning in a foreign language

New small molecule inhibitors of histone methyl transferase DOT1L with a nitrile as a non-traditional replacement for heavy halogen atoms

A number of new nucleoside derivatives are disclosed as inhibitors of DOT1L activity. SARs established that DOT1L inhibition could be achieved through incorporation of polar groups and small heterocycles at the 5-position (5, 6, 12) or by the application of alternative nitrogenous bases (18). Based on these results, CN-SAH (19) was identified as a potent and selective inhibitor of DOT1L activity where the polar 5-nitrile group was shown by crystallography to bind in the hydrophobic pocket of DOT1L. In addition, we show that a polar nitrile group can be used as a non-traditional replacement for heavy halogen atoms

The Impact of Augmented Reality on Vocabulary Acquisition in Iran

This paper explores gender differences among the students that used augmented reality (AR) in Iranian secondary schools. Vocabulary learning is considered as basic in foreign language acquisition, and it has a great importance in Iranian language education. Participants of the study were both female and male students due to the fact Iranian schools are considered gender-based. The Iranian education system is not based on co-education, and for this reason male and female students attend different schools. The current study is based on experimental design, and data was collected using pre-test and post-test. The findings show that there are no differences in learning English vocabulary due to gender among the Iranian students who use the AR-based approach

Demonstration of an integrated LiNbO3 Synchronized Double Phase Modulator and its Applications to Dual-Pump Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifiers and Wavelength Converters

International audienceWe report the fabrication of an integrated LiNbO3 Y-junction synchronized double phase modulator fully packaged for RF-application up to 40 GHz. This optical modulator allows for delivering simultaneously counter-phase high-speed modulation and coupling for two input channels. It was designed for application to fiber-optical parametric amplifier and wavelength converters for suppressing idler spectral broadening and signal gain distortion caused by phase modulation itself. With this component, Idler spectral broadening suppression is experimentally demonstrated over all the parametric gain band of a twopump parametric amplifier operating in the 1.55 µm region. In addition, we present a useful technique for straightforward and full coupling of the pumps and the signal

Identifying obstacles in the effectiveness of legal regimes and protection laws for the Caspian Seal

The subject matter of exploration in this thesis is identifying the obstacles and intricate details surrounding the inevitable demise of the Caspian Seal, a remarkable mammal that exclusively resides in the vast expanse of the Caspian Sea. The question revolves around unraveling the complex dynamics behind the remarkable shift in the Caspian Sea Seal population, which has been a notable decline from one million to the current one hundred thousand. Exploring the multifaceted factors and circumstances that have orchestrated this change is essential to comprehensively grasp the intricate interplay affecting the Caspian Seals. This thesis aims to thoroughly examine the factors contributing to the tragic ending of this unique creature, including its unfortunate demise and the potential measures for its preservation. The Caspian Sea has its complexities in legal terms because it is a sea on one side and a lake on the other. This thesis explores the status of the Caspian Seal from the perspective of the Law of the Sea. But it is very challenging. Because the Caspian Sea is not under the umbrella of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) due to its complex legal situation and condition, and this has led to the protection and conservation of the Caspian Seal being considered as an unregulated issue. However, the thesis has reviewed all the International, regional, and national laws that have dealt with the protection and conservation of marine mammals, particularly the Caspian seals. Furthermore, identifying the obstacles and existing challenges helps us to find the problem as well as to explain improvement strategies in the use of legal regimes and policies, in support of the continuation of life with the value of the seal. Additionally, since the Caspian Seal is struggling with critical conditions and on the other hand, the regional laws, and conventions regarding the protection of the Caspian Seal do not have the appropriate guarantees of implementation, a conversation has been held with several scientists in the field of Caspian Seal protection. Important Marine Mammal Area (IMMA), refers to designated areas that are recognized for their role in supporting a variety of marine mammal species. If the coastal states of the Caspian Sea consider these key critical areas for the Caspian seals, this approach will enable environmentalists to identify the threats and challenges that these species face in their habitats and the extinction of this species may be prevented. This thesis further examines the extent of cooperation among the coastal states and most importantly the lack of effective implementation in national and regional conventions

Investigating the Influence of Perceived Uncertainty on Protection Motivation: An Experimental Study

IS users and organizations must take necessary measures to adequately cope with security threats. Considering the importance and prevalence of these issues and challenges, IS security research has extensively investigated a variety of factors that influence IS users’ security intentions/behaviors. In this regard, protection-motivated behaviors are primarily based on individuals’ personal cognitive evaluations and vigilance. In reality, however, many users reach security hygiene decisions through various non-rational and non-protection-motivated processes. Such users may not necessarily rely on their own cognitive appraisals and information processing, but proceed to make decisions without careful cognitive assessments of security threats and coping responses. One promising lens for assessing these behaviors that may not be informed by rational and personal assessments of threats and responses is Herd Theory, which describes the phenomenon in which individual decisions are often influenced by other users’ decisions about their behaviors. Drawing on this theory, this study seeks to answer the following research questions by using an experimental design:. In uncertain circumstances, are individuals more likely to cope with security threats by following the herd

Influences of Seawater Flows on the Degradation of Organic Coatings Applied on Offshore Wind Turbines

The regular protection methods of offshore wind structures consist of the application of two or three layers of epoxy-based coatings with a polyurethane topcoat. The coating systems of offshore wind turbines are mostly tested on-site, where different coated samples are exposed to the sea water at the specific locations planned for the installations of the turbines. Despite several advantages of laboratory testing, the majority of laboratory-based tests have been limited to the exposure of coated or unprotected metals to stationary electrolytic solutions, while the flow-induced corrosion measurements have not received enough attention until recently. The focus of our work is to investigate the influence of applied mechanical stresses due to the water flow on the degradation of organic coatings. In order to resemble the condition of coated monopile structures in shallow water flow, an impingement chamber device and a wave tank were designed and constructed. The Electrochemical Impedance Stereoscopy (EIS) method was utilized for monitoring the electrochemical processes occurred during the degradation of coatings. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method, as well as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) tests were utilized in order to calculate the magnitude of applied stresses on the coating surfaces. Atomic Force Microscopy method (AFM) was employed for characterizations of coating? surfaces. The theory of thermo-activated processes in combination with the thermoelasticity equations were derived in a way to calculate the influence of applied stresses on different electrochemical parameters of the coatings? degradation. The afore-mentioned experimental methods and the developed analytical procedure can potentially predict the behavior of organic coatings applied on offshore wind turbines at different exposure zones with respect to the sea water flow