Reconstruction of Cluster Masses using Particle Based Lensing I: Application to Weak Lensing

We present Particle-Based Lensing (PBL), a new technique for gravitational lensing mass reconstructions of galaxy clusters. Traditionally, most methods have employed either a finite inversion or gridding to turn observational lensed galaxy ellipticities into an estimate of the surface mass density of a galaxy cluster. We approach the problem from a different perspective, motivated by the success of multi-scale analysis in smoothed particle hydrodynamics. In PBL, we treat each of the lensed galaxies as a particle and then reconstruct the potential by smoothing over a local kernel with variable smoothing scale. In this way, we can tune a reconstruction to produce constant signal-noise throughout, and maximally exploit regions of high information density. PBL is designed to include all lensing observables, including multiple image positions and fluxes from strong lensing, as well as weak lensing signals including shear and flexion. In this paper, however, we describe a shear-only reconstruction, and apply the method to several test cases, including simulated lensing clusters, as well as the well-studied ``Bullet Cluster'' (1E0657-56). In the former cases, we show that PBL is better able to identify cusps and substructures than are grid-based reconstructions, and in the latter case, we show that PBL is able to identify substructure in the Bullet Cluster without even exploiting strong lensing measurements. We also make our codes publicly available.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ; Codes available at http://www.physics.drexel.edu/~deb/PBL.htm ; 12 pages,9 figures, section 3 shortene

Peculiarities of usage of the possessive case of nouns in articles and poetry

The article contains the features of usage possessive case in the literature. The author analyzed various texts (social and political, scientific articles, a poem, sonnet) in order to reveal the regularity in the use of forms possessive case in each analyzed text is shown in percentage. With the help of analysis, the author establishes the forms of possessive case, inherent to a greater extent for each the considered types of literary works. The reasons for the use of the possessive case in various texts are identified and substantiated. Based on the research, it is concluded that form of possessive case depends on the accuracy or abstraction of thought expressed in the text of a literary work. work. The author also notes that the text may contain various forms of possessive case

Thermal Performance Assessment of Pile Foundations in Permafrost Soils

Современные исследования свидетельствуют о росте температуры воздуха в арктической зоне, что приводит к увеличению протаивания и деградации вечномерзлых грунтов. Исследования несущей способности свайных фундаментов и деформаций основания зданий в городе Норильске показывают, что деградация вечномерзлых грунтов приводит к рискам для существующей инфраструктуры. Однако помимо изменений климата неправильная эксплуатация зданий и городских сетей также играет значительную роль в деформациях фундаментов и нарушении инфраструктуры. В работе приведены результаты численного расчета температурного распределения по свае и грунту вдали от свайного поля через 10 лет эксплуатации нового здания. Результаты показывают, что наличие свай в грунте снижает его температуру из-за более высокой теплопроводности железобетона и, как следствие, способствует стабилизации температуры грунта под зданием. Расчеты не подтверждают растепление многолетнемерзлых грунтов, вызванное фундаментом здания. Основной причиной деградации грунтового основания под зданием может стать нарушение нормальной эксплуатации здания и инженерных системRecent research suggests that air temperatures in the Arctic are rising, leading to thawing and degradation of permafrost soils. Studies carried out in the city of Norilsk show that the degradation of permafrost poses significant risks to existing infrastructure, particularly in relation to the bearing capacity of pile foundations and ground deformation. However, in addition to climate change, improper building operation and urban network management also play a significant role in foundation deformations and infrastructure failures. This paper presents the results of a numerical analysis of the temperature distribution along the piles and surrounding soil after 10 years of operation of a new building. The results show that the presence of piles in the ground reduces the soil temperature due to the higher thermal conductivity of reinforced concrete, thereby contributing to soil temperature stabilisation under the building. However, the study did not confirm the melting of permafrost caused by the building's foundation. The primary cause of the degradation of the ground foundation is likely to be the violation of normal building operation and engineering system

Measuring basal body temperature using near field communication

Namen magistrskega dela je bil raziskati metodo merjenja bazalne temperature (BBT), tehnologijo brezstične komunikacije (NFC) in načrtati vgrajen sistem, ki bo omenjeni področji uporabil v praksi. Izdelan sistem bo združeval pametni telefon in NFC tehnologijo, preko katere pridobiva energijo za svoje delovanje. Cilj sistema je izmeriti temperaturo na 1/10 stopinje Celzija natančno in jo preko brezstične komunikacije kratkega dometa poslati na pametni telefon. Sistem deluje na podlagi prenosa digitalne vrednosti podatkov iz vgrajenega sistema na Android mobilno napravo. Slednji jo pretvori v ustrezno obliko in prikaže na uporabnikovem zaslonu. V magistrskem delu je opisano teoretično ozadje vseh gradnikov sistema, njegova izvedba in primerjava z drugimi, na trgu obstoječimi prototipi. Na koncu sledi razmislek o nadgradnji sistema in njegove funkcionalnosti.The purpose of the master thesis was to research the method of measuring basal body temperature (BBT), short-range wireless technology (NFC) and design an embedded system using both technologies. The completed system will combine a smart phone and NFC technology, which will also provide the energy for its operation. The goal of the system is to measure temperature with an accuracy of 1/10 of a degree Celsius and send it to a smart phone over contactless short-range communication. The system operates by transferring digital data values from the embedded system to an Android mobile device. The latter converts the digital values to corresponding temperature and displays it on the screen. The master thesis contains descriptions of theoretical backgrounds of system components, its implementation and a comparison with similar existing prototypes. The conclusion describes possible system and functionality upgrades